بررسی برخی صفات کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی ماریتیغال Silybum marianum L.)) در پاسخ به کودهای آلی، بیولوژیک و شیمیایی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تأثیر کودهای آلی و بیولوژیک در مقایسه با کودهای شیمیایی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گیاه ماریتیغالSilybum marianum L.))، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 87-1386در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و شش تیمار انجام گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل تلقیح بذر با ازتوباکتر، کمپوست زباله شهری، ورمی کمپوست، ترکیب دو تیمار ازتوباکتر و کمپوست، کود شیمیایی NPK و شاهد (بدون کود) بودند. در این تحقیق صفاتی از جمله تعداد شاخه های فرعی در بوته، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد گل آذین در هر بوته، قطر گل آذین، تعداد دانه در هر طبق، وزن هزاردانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، شاخص برداشت، درصد روغن، درصد سیلیمارین، درصد سیلیبین، عملکرد روغن و عملکرد سیلیمارین اندازه گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که مصرف انواع مختلف کودهای آلی و شیمیایی در خاک بر اجزای عملکرد و خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی این گیاه بی تأثیر بود، ولی بر روی درصد روغن، سیلیمارین و سیلیبین بذر تأثیر معنی ‌داری داشت. گیاهان تیمار شده با کود کمپوست بیشترین درصد روغن(1/20) را نسبت به سایر گیاهان تحت تیمار داشت و بعد از آن تیمارهای کودی ازتوباکتر و مخلوط ازتوباکتر و کمپوست بیشترین تأثیر را بر درصد روغن دانه داشتند. تیمارهای شاهد، کود شیمیایی، کود کمپوست و ازتوباکتر از نظر تأثیر بر درصد سیلیمارین دانه و همچنین تیمارهای شاهد، کود کمپوست، ازتوباکتر، مخلوط ازتوباکتر و کمپوست از لحاظ تأثیر بر درصد سیلیبین دانه هیچگونه اختلاف معنی داری نداشتند. گیاهان تیمار شده با کود شیمیایی کمترین درصد سیلیبین (4/16) را داشت. از بین اجزای عملکرد، بیشترین همبستگی مثبت بین ارتفاع بوته با عملکرد دانه (**68/0r=) و بیشترین همبستگی منفی مربوط به تعداد دانه در کاپیتول با تعداد گل آذین در بوته بود. به نظر می‌رسد که کودهای زیستی می توانند در کشاورزی پایدار به عنوان یک جایگزین برای کودهای شیمیایی در گیاه دارویی ماریتیغال مطرح باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Qualitative and qualitative characteristics of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) in response to organic, biological and chemical fertilizers

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rostam Yazdani Biuki 1
  • Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam 1
  • Hamid Reza Khazaie 1
  • Alireza Astaraei 2
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
2 Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate the effects of organic, biological and chemical fertilizers on yield and yield components of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.), an experiment was conducted at the Research Station of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad based on complete randomized block design with three replications and six treatments during year 2007. Treatments included inoculated seeds with Azotobacter, compost, vermicompost, combination of both Azotobacter and compost treatments, chemical NPK fertilizer and control (without any fertilizer). The traits such as number of branches per plant, plant height, number of inflorescences per plant, inflorescence diameter, number of seeds per capitol, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index, oil percentage, silymarin percentage, silybin percentage, oil yield and silymarin yield were measured. The results showed that application of different types of organic fertilizers had no effect on yield components, but had significant effect on oil percentage of oil, silymarin and silybin of seed. Compost application resulted the highest oil percentage (20.1) compared to other treatments. There was no significant difference between control, chemical fertilizer, compost and Azotobacter treatments on silymarin percentage. In terms of silybin percentage, there was no significant difference between control, compost, Azotobacter and aztobacter+compost treatments. The chemical fertilizer treatment showed the lowest silybin percentage (16.4). There was a positive correlation between plant height and seed yield (r=0.68**). It seems that biofertilizers can consider as a replacement for chemical fertilizers in Milk thistle medicinal plant production.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Morphological characteristic
  • Seed oil
  • Silibin
  • Silymarin
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