پاسخ خصوصیات رشدی ذرت (Zea mays L.) به رقابت علف هرز سلمه تره (Chenopodium album L.)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• وحید سرابی
• احمد نظامی
• مهدی نصیری محلاتی
• محمد حسن راشد محصل

گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

10.22067/jag.v2i3.7653

چکیده

بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک ذرت دانه ای (Zea mays L.) رقم سینگل کراس 704 در سطوح مختلف تراکم این علف هرز،آزمایشی به صورت کرت های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 85-1384در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد انجام شد. زمان سبز شدن سلمه تره با سه سطح 14 روز زودتر, هفت روز زودتر و همزمان با ذرت به عنوان فاکتور اصلی و تراکم این علف هرز با شش سطح صفر، 4، 8، 12، 16 و 20 بوته در مترمربع به عنوان فاکتور فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که ارتفاع، شاخص سطح برگ و مقدار ماده خشک ذرت با ظهور هر چه زودتر و افزایش تراکم سلمه تره کاهش یافت. در مقابل، هر چه زمان ظهور سلمه تره نسبت به ذرت جلوتر بود، شاخص سطح برگ و ماده خشک علف هرز بخصوص در تراکم های بالا، بیشترین مقدار را داشت. با وجودیکه افزایش تراکم علف هرز سلمه تره باعث کاهش خصوصیات اندازه گیری شده در ذرت شد, ولی روند کاهش در تراکم های بالای این علف هرز معنی دار نبود. در مجموع با توجه به شیب کاهشی می توان اظهار داشت که زمان سبز شدن سلمه تره نسبت به تراکم آن تأثیر بیشتری بر رشد ذرت دارد و به ازای تعداد روزهای سبز شدن زودهنگام علف هرز نسبت به ذرت، توان رقابتی ذرت کاهش یافته و افت شدیدی در رشد آن مشاهده خواهد شد

کلیدواژه‌ها

• تراکم
• زمان نسبی سبز شدن
• زیست توده
• سطح برگ

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عنوان مقاله [English]

Response of corn (Zea mays L.) growth characteristics to common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) competition

نویسندگان [English]

• Vahid Sarabi
• Ahmad Nezami
• Mehdi Nassiri Mahallati
• Mohammad Hasan Rashed Mohassel

Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effects of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) competition on corn (Zea mays L.) morphological and physiological characteristics, an experiment was conducted in 2005-2006 at the Research Station of Agricultural Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. The experimental design was split plot based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The emergence time was considered in three levels: emergence of the weed 14 days earlier, 7 days earlier and concurrent with corn, respectively, as main plots and density of weed at six levels: 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 plants per m2, respectively, as subplots. Plant height, leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter (DM) of corn decreased with earlier emerging and increasing density of the common lambsquarters. In contrast, LAI and dry matter of common lambsquarters increased with earlier emerging especially at high densities. Though, the increase in density of the weed resulted in reducing measured characteristics, but there was no difference between the processes of reduction in high densities of weed. Totally, it can be stated that relative time of weed emergence compared to its density had maximum effect on corn plants and as the number of the earlier emergence days of common lambsquarters related to the corn increase, the competitive potential of corn reduces and an intense decrease is being observed in its growth and development.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Biomass
• Density
• Leaf area
• Relative time of emergence

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