اثر تاریخ کاشت و تراکم بوته برصفات مورفولوژیک، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد رقم دانه طلایی ذرت شیرین (L. Zea mays)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• آتنا رحمانی ¹
• سید مجید نصراله الحسینی ¹
• سعید خاوری خراسانی ²

¹ گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد مشهد، مشهد، ایران

² مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، ایران

10.22067/jag.v2i2.7637

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر تاریخ کاشت و تراکم بوته بر صفات مورفولوژیک، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت شیرین(Zea mays.L var sc 403) رقم دانه طلایی آزمایشی در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی ومنابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی در سال زراعی 87- 1386 اجرا گردید. در این آزمایش تاریخ کاشت در سه سطح (25 خرداد ، 13 تیر و3 مرداد) به عنوان عامل اصلی و تراکم بوته در سه سطح (66600 ،83300 و111000 بوته در هکتار) به عنوان عامل فرعی به صورت طرح کرت های خرد شده با چهار تکرار در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان دادکه تاریخ های کاشت از نظر صفات مورد بررسی شامل ارتفاع بوته، ارتفاع بلال، تعداد برگ، تعداد برگ بالای بلال اصلی، قطر ساقه، عملکرد بلال بدون پوشش، عملکرد دانه قابل کنسرو، تعداد بلال در بوته، تعداد ردیف دانه، طول و قطر بلال، عمق دانه، وزن هزار دانه، شاخص برداشت بلال و گیاه از نظر آماری تفاوت معنی داری با یکدیگر داشتند. بیشترین وکمترین عملکرد دانه قابل کنسرو به ترتیب متعلق به تاریخ های کاشت 25 خرداد و 3 مرداد با متوسط عملکرد 27/ 18 و 930/0 تن در هکتار می باشد. با تأخیر در کاشت، به دلیل کاهش طول دوره رشد گیاه، کاهش نسبی دمای محیط در اواخر دوره رشد و همچنین به دلیل کاهش شدت تشعشع و محدودیت فصل رشد و پرنشدن دانه، عملکرد دانه کاهش یافت. به علاوه تراکم های مختلف بوته در واحد سطح نیز منجر به بروز اختلاف معنی داری در صفات عملکرد بلال با پوشش، عملکرد بلال بدون پوشش و عملکرد علوفه تر گردید. بیشترین عملکرد دانه ( 862/ 8 تن در هکتار) متعلق به تراکم 111000بوته در هکتار بود و کمترین عملکرد دانه را تراکم66600 بوته در هکتار با متوسط 692/ 7 تن در هکتار به خود اختصاص داد. اثرات متقابل تاریخ کاشت در تراکم بوته فقط برای صفت شاخص برداشت گیاه معنی دار برآورد گردید. بنابراین تاریخ کاشت 25 خرداد با تراکم 111000 بوته در هکتار برای کشت تابستانه ذرت شیرین با تولید بیشترین و بهترین دانه قابل کنسرو به عنوان مناسبترین تیمار شناخته شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• جمعیت گیاهی
• کاشت
• عملکرد دانه قابل کنسرو

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عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of sowing date and plant density on morphological triats, yield and yield components of sweet corn (Zea mays L.)

نویسندگان [English]

• Atena Rahmani ¹
• Seyed Majid Nasrollah Alhossini ¹
• Saeed Khavari Khorasani ²

¹ Agronomy Department, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran

² Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training Center, Iran

چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate the effect of sowing date and plant density on the morphological triats, yield and yield components of sweet corn (Zea mays L. var SC. 403) an experiment was conducted at the Khorasan Razavi Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center, Mashhad, Iran during 2008. This experiment was carried out as split plot based on RCBD with four replications. The sowing date (14th June, 3th July and 24th July) and plant densities (66600, 83300 and 111000 plants.ha-1) were arranged in main and sub plots, respectively. The results showed significant differences between different sowing dates for plant height, ear height, and no. of leaves/plant, no. of leaves above ear, stem diameter, dehusked ear yield, can grains yield, no. of grain rows/ear, ear length, ear diameter, kernel depth, no. of ear.plant-1, 1000 kernel weight, ear harvest index and plant harvest index. The highest and the lowest can grains yield with 18.27 and 0.930 ton ha-1 was belonged to 14th June and 24th July sowing date, respectively. Although, delay in sowing date, led to decrease of growth period and also decrease of temperature can lead to improper transfer of photosynthetic materials and cause to grains yield decrease. The plant density had significant effects on husked ear yield, dehusked ear yield and forage yield. The highest can grains yield was harvested from the highest plant density (8.862 t.ha-1) and the lowest can grains yield derived from the lowest plant density (66600 plants.ha-1) with 7.692 t.ha-1). Finally, the interaction of sowing date and plant density was significant only for harvest index. Therefore, the sowing date 14th June and the highest plant density (111000 plants.ha-1), is recommended for summer sowing date of sweet corn in Mashhad with maximum and better can grains production.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Conservable grain yield
• Plant population
• Sowing

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