اثر کود زیستی نیتروکسین بر برخی ویژگی‌های مورفو-فیزیولوژیکی اکوتیپ‌های سیاه‌دانه (Nigella sativa L.) تحت تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• زهرا صیدی
• نصرت‌اله عباسی
• محمد جواد زارع
• بتول زارعی

گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران.

10.22067/agry.2021.20298.0

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی تأثیر اثرات کود زیستی نیتروکسین بر اکوتیپ­های سیاه­دانه تحت شرایط تنش خشکی، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت­های دو بار خرد شده در قالب بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دانشگاه ایلام در سال 1397 اجرا گردید. تنش خشکی شامل سه سطح ((آبیاری کامل (آبیاری بر اساس 100 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه)، تنش متوسط (آبیاری بر اساس 50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه)، تنش شدید (آبیاری بر اساس 35 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه) به‌عنوان کرت اصلی، کود نیتروکسین شامل عدم مصرف نیتروکسین (شاهد) و مصرف یک لیتر در هکتار نیتروکسین (به‌میزان 8/0 میلی‌لیتر در هشت مترمربع به‌صورت محلول‌پاشی بذرها) به‌عنوان کرت فرعی و اکوتیپ­‌های مختلف سیاه‌­دانه (Nigella sativa L.) شامل نیشابور، مشهد، سمیرم و اصفهان به‌عنوان کرت فرعی- فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که اثر اصلی تنش خشکی، کود نیتروکسین و اکوتیپ بر تمام صفات معنی‌دار (p≤0.01) بود. بیش­ترین ارتفاع بوته و ارتفاع اولین شاخه فرعی مربوط به اکوتیپ مشهد در شرایط عدم استفاده از نیتروکسین تحت 50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه به‌‌دست آمد. بیش­ترین تعداد شاخه فرعی در واحد سطح از کوتیپ نیشابور در شرایط عدم نیتروکسین تحت 100 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه به‌دست آمد. بیش­ترین تعداد کپسول در بوته در واحد سطح از تیمار اکوتیپ مشهد عدم نیتروکسین و 100 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه حاصل گردید. بیش­ترین عملکرد دانه از اکوتیپ سمیرم در شرایط استفاده از نیتروکسین و تحت 50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه حاصل شد و بیش­ترین شاخص برداشت مربوط به تیمار نیشابور در شرایط 50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه و عدم استفاده از کود زیستی نیتروکسین بود. بیش­ترین عملکرد زیستی در اکوتیپ اصفهان، مصرف نیتروکسین و 50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه حاصل شد. نتایج این تحقیق حاکی از آن بود که تنش خشکی موجب کاهش معنی‌دار (p≤0.01) مقادیر صفات کلروفیل a، b و کلروفیل کل و محتوای رطوبت نسبی برگ گردید. در این ‌بین، کاربرد کود زیستی نیتروکسین در اکثر موارد موجب بهبود این صفات در اکوتیپ­های مختلف گردید. بیش­ترین و کم­ترین میزان کلروفیل a، به‌ترتیب مربوط به اکوتیپ­های سمیرم در شرایط 100 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه و اعمال کود زیستی نیتروکسین (953/0 میلی‌گرم در گرم برگ تازه) و اکوتیپ مشهد در شرایط 35 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه و عدم اعمال کود زیستی نیتروکسین (101/0میلی‌گرم بر گرم برگ تازه) بود. همین‌طور اکوتیپ سمیرم در شرایط 100 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه و اعمال کود زیستی نیتروکسین بیش­ترین (717/0 میلی‌گرم بر گرم برگ تازه) و اکوتیپ نیشابور در شرایط عدم نیتروکسین و 35 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه کم­ترین (125/0 میلی‌گرم بر گرم برگ تازه ) مقادیر کلروفیل b را دارا بودند. از طرفی، اکوتیپ سمیرم در تیمار 100 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه و اعمال کود زیستی نیتروکسین بیش­ترین (67/1 میلی‌گرم بر گرم برگ تازه) و اکوتیپ مشهد در شرایط عدم اعمال کود نیتروکسین و 35 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه دارای کم­ترین (234/0 میلی‌گرم بر گرم برگ تازه) میزان کلروفیل کل را به خود اختصاص دادند. از بین اکوتیپ­های مختلف اکوتیپ­های سمیرم در شرایط 100 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه با کاربرد کود زیستی نیتروکسین و اصفهان در شرایط 35 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه با کاربرد کود زیستی نیتروکسین به‌ترتیب بیش­ترین (287/73 درصد) و کم­ترین (657/30 درصد) میزان محتوی نسبی آب برگ را به خود اختصاص دادند. از طرفی، در رابطه با نشت الکترولیت­ها در اکوتیپ­های مختلف افزایش تنش خشکی موجب افزایش مقادیر آن در تیمارهای مختلف گردید، با این ‌وجود میزان نشت الکترولیت­ها در تیمارهای که تحت تیمار کود زیستی نیتروکسین بودند، کمتر از سایر اکوتیپ­ها بودند، به‌طوری‌که بیش­ترین و کم­ترین میزان نشت الکترولیت به‌ترتیب مربوط به تیمارهای اکوتیپ سمیرم در تیمار عدم اعمال نیتروکسین تحت 35 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه ( 546/64) و اکوتیپ سمیرم با اعمال کود زیستی نیتروکسین تحت شرایط 100 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه با (492/17) بود. با توجه به نتایج این آزمایش، اثرات مثبت کود زیستی نیتروکسین بر عملکرد نهایی را می­توان به‌دلیل بهبود صفات فیزیولوژیک (میزان کلروفیل برگ، نشت یونی و محتوای نسبی آب برگ) ارتباط داد. همچنین کاربرد کود زیستی نیتروکسین میزان نیاز آبی سالانه گیاه را به نحو مطلوبی کاهش داد و این در حالی بود که این کاهش در میزان آب آبیاری مصرفی موجب کاهش قابل‌ملاحظه‌ای در عملکرد اقتصادی حاصل از گیاه نگردید. به‌طور کلی، نتـایج ایـن تحقیـق نشان داد که کاربرد کودهای زیستی می­تواند موجب بهبود عملکرد و خصوصـیات کمی گیـاه دارویـی سـیاه‌دانه تحت محدودیت آبی گردد، با این ‌وجود این موضوع نیاز به بررسی­های بیش­تر خواهد داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• رطوبت نسبی
• عملکرد
• کلروفیل
• نشت الکترولیت
• نیاز آبی

20.1001.1.20087713.1401.14.3.7.7

موضوعات

• بوم شناسی کشاورزی و دانش بومی

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عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Nitroxin Biofertilizer on Morpho-Physiological Characteristics of Blackseed (Nigella sativa L.) Ecotypes under Drought Stress

نویسندگان [English]

• Zahra Saydi
• Nosrat Allah Abbasi
• Mohammad Javad Zarea
• Batool Zarei

Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Following climate change, drought stress has become the most important limiting factor for crop production and. Plants become under dry when the water available to the roots is limited or the water loss through transpiration is very high. Decreased photosynthetic active radiation absorption, impaired light consumption efficiency and reduced harvest index are the most important factors reducing yield in soil moisture deficit conditions. On the other hand, the adverse effects of the use of chemical drugs in recent years have led to much attention to the cultivation of medicinal plants, which with the increase in their use requires the development of cultivation, management and proper planning. Bio-fertilizers as an alternative in some cases and in most cases as a complement to chemical fertilizers can help to ensure the sustainability of agricultural production systems.
Materials and Methods
 The study was aimed to evaluate the effect of nitroxin biological fertilizer on ecotypes of black cumin under drought stress. The experiment was conducted as a split-split plot with three replicates at Ilam University during growing season of in 2018. Drought stress levels including no stress (Irrigation based on 100% of plant water needs), moderate stress (Irrigation based on 50% of plant water needs) and severe stress (Irrigation based on 35% of plant water needs) as main plot, nitroxin fertilizer treatments including no nitroxin (control) and application of 1 liter ha^-1 nitroxin as sub plot and ecotype treatments including Neyshabour, Mashhad, Semirom and Isfahan Sub-plots were considered as sub-plots. Measured traits included plant height, number of sub-branches, yield, grain yield components (number of follicle and number of seeds per follicle), relative leaf water content, ion leakage and photosynthetic pigments.
Results and Discussion
 The results showed that the main effect of drought stress, nitroxin and ecotype on all treats were significant (p≤0/01). The highest plant height and the first sub-branch height of Mashhad ecotype were obtained under Irrigation based on 100% of plant water needs conditions under moderate stress. The highest number of branches per-plant of Neyshabur ecotype was obtained under nitroxin under drought stress conditions. The highest number of capsules per plant was obtained from Mashhad ecotype treatment with no nitroxin and Irrigation based on 100% of plant water needs. The highest number of seeds in main capsule, seed yield and harvest index were obtained from Semirom ecotype under nitroxin under Irrigation based on 50% of plant water needs. The highest biological yield was obtained in Isfahan ecotype, nitroxin consumption and Irrigation based on 50% of plant water needs.The results of this study showed that drought stress caused a significant reduction (p≤0.01) in the values of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll traits and relative moisture content of leaves Meanwhile, the use of nitroxin biological fertilizer in most cases improved these traits in different ecotypes, which can be due to the positive effects of biological fertilizer in helping to better absorb water and nutrients under drought stress and reduce the negative effects of water deficiency on Physiological traits of the plant.
Conclusion
 Since better absorption of nutrients depends on the existence of an extensive root system, it seems that the lack of expansion of the plant root system under drought stress and the lack of use of chemical fertilizers, the ground for the activity of microorganisms. This has led to the improvement of the root system and consequently better absorption of water and nutrients needed by the plant in conditions of moisture stress. In general, the results of this study indicate that the application of biological fertilizers may have had a positive effect on improving the yield and quantitative properties of the herbicide under drought stress conditions, however, this issue needs further investigation. From the results it can be concluded that moderate drought stress can be applied in weather conditions Ilam province in addition to reducing water consumption will lead to better outcomes.
Acknowledgements
 I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Hajinia for her help in conducting this research.
 

 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Water requirements
• Yield
• Chlorophyll
• Relative Water Content
• Electrolyte Leakage

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