اثر نظام‌های مختلف کوددهی (شیمیایی، زیستی و تلفیقی) بر غلظت عناصر، ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی و عملکرد چای ترش (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

محمدپور وشوایی, رقیه; قنبری, احمد; فاخری, براتعلی

doi:10.22067/jag.v9i3.40529

اثر نظام‌های مختلف کوددهی (شیمیایی، زیستی و تلفیقی) بر غلظت عناصر، ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی و عملکرد چای ترش (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

² گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

10.22067/jag.v9i3.40529

چکیده

چای ترش (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) گیاهی دارویی و معطر نیمه‌گرمسیری از خانواده ختمی است که از کاسبرگ آن به دلیل خواص دارویی و خوراکی استفاده می‌شود. به منظور ارزیابی اثر کودهای زیستی در تلفیق با مقادیر مختلف کودهای شیمیایی بر غلظت عناصر نیتروژن و فسفر، ویژگی-های بیوشیمیایی و وزن خشک کاسبرگ‌های چای ترش، آزمایشی به صورت بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زابل در سال‌های زراعی 91-1390 و 92-1391 اجرا شد. تیمار‌های آزمایشی شامل تغذیه گیاه با NPK (به ترتیب220، 130 و 75 کیلوگرم در هکتار اوره، سوپرفسفات تریپل و سولفات پتاسیم)، کود زیستی بیوفسفات، بیوفسفات+25 درصد NPK، بیوفسفات+50 درصد NPK، بیوفسفات+100 درصد NPK، کود زیستی نیتروکسین، نیتروکسین+25 درصد NPK، نیتروکسین+50 درصد NPK، نیتروکسین+100 درصد NPK، بیوفسفات+ نیتروکسین، بیوفسفات+ نیتروکسین+25 درصد NPK، بیوفسفات+ نیتروکسین+50 درصد NPK، بیوفسفات+ نیتروکسین+100 درصد NPK و عدم استفاده از کود (شاهد) بود. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل درصد نیتروژن برگ و کاسبرگ، درصد فسفر برگ و کاسبرگ، درصد پروتئین برگ و کاسبرگ، محتوای آنتوسیانین، ویتامین C، درصد اسیدیته و وزن خشک کاسبرگ بودند. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه مرکب دو سال زراعی مبین آن بود که تیمارهای مختلف کود شیمیایی، زیستی و تلفیق آن‌ها اثر معنی‌دار (01/0P) بر کلیه صفات مورد بررسی داشتند. برای کلیه صفات مورد مطالعه بیشترین مقادیر در تیمار نیتروکسین+ بیوفسفات+100 درصد NPK حاصل گردید که به جز برای درصد نیتروژن و پروتئین برگ اختلاف آن با تیمار نیتروکسین+ بیوفسفات+50 درصد NPK معنی‌دار نبود. جهت حصول حداکثر عملکرد و کیفیت مطلوب چای ترش بهترین تیمار "بیوفسفات+ نیتروکسین+50 درصد NPK" بود. بنابراین، با توجه به ضرورت تولید گیاهان دارویی در نظام‌های زراعی کم‌نهاده، استفاده از 50 درصد مقدار توصیه شده کودهای شیمیایی به همراه کودهای زیستی نیتروکسین و بیوفسفات جهت حصول حداکثر کمیت و کیفیت کاسبرگ در چای ترش توصیه می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Different Fertilization Systems (Chemical, Biological and Integrated( on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentration, Biochemical Attributes and Sepals Dry Weight of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

نویسندگان [English]

Roghayeh Mhammadpour Vashvaei ¹
Ahmad Ghanbari ¹
Barat ali Fakheri ²

¹ Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran

² Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a subtropical medicinal plant belongs to the Malvaceae family. Roselle sepals are valuable due to its therapeutic properties and culinary uses. During past decades rising cost of chemical inputs and overusing them in conventional farming have caused various environmental issues such as soil and water resources contamination, reduction in food quality production, decreasing soil fertility and biological imbalance in the soil that they impose irreparable damage to ecosystems. Sustainable agriculture which is based on the use of bio-fertilizers with the aim of eliminating or considerably reducing the use of chemical inputs is the optimal solution to overcome these problems. Abo-Baker and Gehan (2011) in their study on the effect of bio-fertilizers in combination with different rates of chemical fertilizers on growth characters, yield component and chemical constituents of roselle demonstrated that the inoculation with the mixture of bio-fertilizers combined with 50 or 100% chemical fertilizers improved, in most cases, growth characters and increased sepal yield or at least did not differ significantly from the control (full recommended dose of NPK alone). These researchers stated that applying 50% of the recommended dose of NPK plus the mixture of bio-fertilizer can save half of the quantity of chemical fertilizers, decrease the production cost and obtain high quality product. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of bio-fertilizers in combination with different doses of chemical fertilizers on the element concentrations, biochemical properties and yield of roselle to find the appropriate integration of them.
Material and Methods
This experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications, at the Research Station, University of Zabol, during growing season of 2011-2012 and 2012-2013. Experimental treatments were plant nutrition with NPK (220, 130 and 75 kg.h-1 of urea, triple super phosphate and potassium sulphate, respectively), bio-phosphate, bio-phosphate + 25% NPK, bio-phosphate + 50% NPK, bio-phosphate + 100% NPK, nitroxin, nitroxin + 25%NPK, nitroxin + 50%NPK, nitroxin + 100%NPK, nitroxin + bio-phosphate, nitroxin + biophosphate + 25% NPK, nitroxin + biophosphate + 50% NPK, nitroxin + biophosphate + 100% NPK and control (non-use of any fertilizer). Plant traits such as leaf nitrogen and protein, sepal nitrogen and protein, leaf and sepal phosphorus, sepal anthocyanin and vitamin C content, sepal acidity and sepal dry weight of roselle were measured. For statistical analysis, combined analysis of variance, Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT), simple correlation analysis and principal component analysis were performed using SAS version 9.2 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA).
Results and Discussion
The results of combined analysis of variance of two years showed that the effects of different treatments of chemical fertilizers, bio-fertilizers and their combinations were significant (P≤0.01) for all studied traits. The highest values of all studied traits belong to the nitroxin + biophosphate + 100% NPK treatment that its difference with nitroxin + biophosphate + 50% NPK treatment was not significant, except for leaf nitrogen and protein. Dry weight of sepals had positive, strong and very significant correlation to the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorous and protein of leaves and sepals. Principal component analysis was extracted two components that justified 83.71 and 7.50% of the total variation. According to weight of the included characteristics, these two components were named to the “yield” and “quality”. Based on the diagram of principal component analysis, treatment "Nitroxin + biophosphate + 50% NPK" was achieved maximum yield and quality of roselle.
Conclusion
The use of 50% of the recommended dose of fertilizers with nitroxin and bio-phosphate bio-fertilizers improved plant growth and enhanced the quality and quantity of roselle sepals. This improvement may be due to the direct results of fertilizers or indirect effects through microbial contamination or activities. Therefore, with respect to the production of medicinal plants in the low-input cropping systems and to achieve sustainable agriculture and environmental protection, combinations of chemical and bio-fertilizers are recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Bio-phosphate
Medicinal plants
Nitroxin
NPK
Physiological traits

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