اثرات کاربرد آب شور و معمولی توأم با کودهای آلی و شیمیایی بر برخی خصوصیات کمی و انباشت یون‌های معدنی در زیره سبز (Cuminum cyminum L.)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• جمیله باردل ¹
• احمد قنبری ¹
• مصطفی خواجه ²

¹ گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

² گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

10.22067/jag.v6i2.39373

چکیده

تحمل شوری یکی از مهم‌ترین عوامل مؤثر بر تولید محصولات کشاورزی در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک می‌باشد. به منظور مطالعه اثرات آب شور و معمولی توأم با کودهای آلی و شیمیایی بر زیره سبز (Cuminum cyminum L.)، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 91-1390 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. عامل اصلی شامل رژیم آبیاری در دو سطح (آب معمولی و آب شور طبیعی با هدایت الکتریکی 180/4 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) و عامل فرعی تیمارهای منفرد و تلفیقی کود شیمیایی کامل و کود دامی و تیمار شاهد بود. نتایج مشخص نمود با افزایش نمک‌های محلول در آب آبیاری تا محدوده 180/4 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر ارتفاع بوته، وزن هزار دانه، تعداد چتر در بوته، تعداد دانه در چتر و بوته و عملکرد دانه کاهش یافت اما بر درصد و عملکرد اسانس افزوده شد. همچنین افزایش جذب یون سدیم منجر به کاهش غلظت پتاسیم، فسفر، کلسیم و منیزیم در دانه گردید.از میان تیمارهای مختلف کودی، کاربرد جداگانه کودهای معدنی و آلی مزیت چندانی نداشته، بلکه کاربرد توأمان کود شیمیایی و دامی بر بهبود اغلب صفات مورد مطالعه اثربخش‌تر بود. برهمکنش نوع آب و نوع کود بر عملکرد دانه، وزن هزار دانه، ارتفاع بوته، درصد اسانس و محتوای سدیم دانه معنی‌دار بود. در مجموع، به‌منظور کاهش آلودگی‌های ناشی از کودهای شیمیایی و جبران کمبود مواد آلی خاک در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک کاربرد توأم کود آلی و معدنی (کود شیمیایی به نسبت 40:20:15 کیلوگرم در هکتار در تلفیق با 20 تن در هکتار کود دامی) در منطقه توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد
• گیاه دارویی
• هدایت الکتریکی
• یون‌های معدنی

---

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effects of saline and fresh water application with organic and chemical fertilizers on some quantitative characters and ion accumulation in cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

• Jamileh Bardel ¹
• Ahmad Ghanbari ¹
• Mostaafa Khajeh ²

¹ Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran

² Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran

چکیده [English]

Salinity tolerance is one of the most important affecting factors on agricultural production in arid and semi-arid areas. In order to study the effects of saline and fresh water irrigation with application of organic and NPK fertilizers on cumin, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design was carried out with three replications during 2011 and 2012, at the research farm of Zabol University. Main factor was irrigation regimes (fresh water, and saline water EC: 4.180 dS.m-1) and the sub factor were including individual and combining treatments of manure and NPK fertilizer and control. Results indicated that increasing soluble salts in water irrigation until 4.180 dS.m-1 range, plant height, seed weight, and number of umbel per plant, number of seeds per umbel and plant, and yield decreased but the percentage and yield of essence was increased. Increasing the concentration of sodium ions lead to decrease concentrations of potassium, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium of cumin seed. Among the different fertilizer treatments, separate application of organic and chemical fertilizers have little advantage, but integrated chemical fertilizer and manure was more effective to improve the most investigated characters. Interaction of water and fertilizer regimes was significant on yield, seed weight, plant height, oil percentage and sodium content. In general, in order to reduce pollution of chemical fertilizers and the compensation lack of soil organic matter in arid and semi-arid areas, NPK fertilizer (40:20:15 kg.ha-1 ratio with 20 t.ha-1 manure) in area is recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• EC
• Medicinal plant
• Mineral nutrients
• Organic and chemical fertilizer
• Yield and yield components

مراجع

AamaAzghadi, A., Khorasani, R., Mokarram, M., and Moezi, A. 2010. Soil fertility evaluation based on soil K, P and organic matter factors for wheat by using Fuzzy Logic-AHP and GIS techniques. Water and Soil 24(5): 973-984. (In Persian with English Summary)

Abou El-Magd, M.M., Zaki, M.F., and Abou-Hussein, S.D. 2008. Effect of organic manure and different levels of saline irrigation water on growth, green yield and chemical content of sweet fennel. Australian Journal ofBasic and Applied Sciences 2(1): 90-98.

Akbarinia, A., Ghalavand, A., Sefidkan, F., Rezaei, M.B., and SharifiAshourabadi, A. 2003. Effects of chemical fertilizers, manure and combining fertilizer on yield and components of essential oils of Carum capticum. Research and Development in Agriculture and Horticulture 61(4): 32-41. (In Persian with English summary)

Baghalian, K., Haghiri, A., and Naghavi, M.R. 2008. Effect of saline irrigation water on agronomical and phytochemical characters of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.). Scientica Horticulture 116(4): 437-441.

Bayu, W., Rethman, N.F.G., Hammes, P.S., and Alemu, G. 2006. Effects of farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizers on sorghum growth yield and nitrogen use in semiarid area of Ethiopia. Plant Nutrition 29(2): 391-407.

Davazdahemami, S., Sefidkon, F., Jahansooz, M.R., and Mazaheri, D. 2010. Evaluation of water salinity effects on yield and essential oil content and composition of Carum copticum L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 25(4):503-512. (In Persian with English Summary)

Francois, L.C., Grieve, M.E., Mass, V., and Lesch, S.M. 1994. Time of salt stress effect growth and yield components of irrigated wheat. Agronomy 86(1): 100-107.

Grattan, S.R., and Grieve, C.M. 1992. Mineral nutrient acquisition and response by plants grown in saline environments. In: Pessarakli, M. (Ed.). Handbook of Plant and Cold Stress p. 203-226.

Grattan, S.R., and Grieve, C.M. 1999. Salinity-mineral relations in horticultural crops. Scientica Horticulture 78(1): 127-157.

Kafi, M. 2002. Cumin Production Technology. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Publication, Mashhad, Iran. 195 pp. (In Persian)

Kafi, M., and Keshmiri, A. 2011. Changes in yield and yield components of cumin landraces and Hindi cultivar in drought and salinity conditions. Horticultural Sciences 25(3): 327-334. (In Persian with English Summary)

Lombin, L.G., Adepetu J.A., and Ayotade, K.A. 1991. Organic fertilizer in the Nigerian Agriculture: Present and future. F.P.D.D. Abuja, p. 146-162.

MakkizadehTafti, M., TavakolAfshari, R., MajnoonHosseini, N., and NaghdiBadi, H.A. 2008. Evaluation of salinity tolerance and absorption of salt by Borage (Borago officinalis L.). Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 24(3): 253-262. (In Persian with English Summary)

Mallanaguda, B. 1995. Effect of NPK and FYM on growth parameters of onion, garlic and coriander. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Science 24: 916-918.

Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral Nutrient of Higher Plants. 2nd Academic Press, Ltd, London.

Mirdavoodi, H., and Babakhanlo, P. 2008. Identification of medicinal plants of Markazi province. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 32(4): 543-559. (In Persian with English Summary)

MirMohammadi-Meibodi, A.M., and Ghareyazi, B. 2002. Physiological Aspects of Salinity and Plant Breeding. Isfahan University Press, 288 pp. (In Persian)

Munns, R., and Tester, M. 2008. Mechanism of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 59: 651-681.

Myborg, M., and Henning, A.M. 1969. Experimental with different placement of fertilizer for barely and rapeseed. Soil Sciences 49(1): 79-88.

Qadir, M., Ghafoor, A., and Murtaza, G. 2001. Use of saline-sodic water through phytoremediation of calcareous salin-sodic soils. Agricultural Water Management 50(3): 197-210.

Rahimi, Z., and Kafi, M. 2010. Effects of salinity and silicon application on biomass accumulation, sodium and potassium content of leaves and roots of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.). Journal of Water and Soil 24(2): 367-374. (In Persian with English Summary)

Ramezani, E., Ghajar-Sepanlo, M., and Naghdi-Badi, H.A. 2011. The effect of salinity on the growth, morphology and physiology of Echium amoenum Fisch. & Mey. African Journal of Biotechnology 10(44): 8765-8773.

Saeednejad, A.H., and RezvaniMoghaddam, P. 2010. Evaluation of biological and chemical fertilizer on morphological characteristics, yield, yield components and percentage of essential oil of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). Horticultural Science 24(1): 38-44. (In Persian with English Summary)

Sharma, A.R., and Mitra, B.N. 1991. Effect of different rates of application of organic and nitrogen fertilizers in a rice- based cropping system. Agricultural Sciences 117(3): 313-318.

Siman, B.J., Peacock, M., and Strick, P.C. 1993. Differences in development plasticity and growth rate among drought resistant and susceptible cultivars of durum wheat. Journal of Plant and Soil 57: 155-160.