اثر سطوح مختلف کودهای آلی و شیمیایی بر عملکرد و شاخص های کارایی نیتروژن در گیاه دارویی اسفرزه (Plantago ovata Forsk.)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• علی مومن
• مینا نورزاده نامقی
• سرور خرم دل

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

10.22067/jag.v5i4.32992

چکیده

افزایش کارایی مصرف نیتروژن یکی از راه کارهای مهم بهبود تولیدات کشاورزی و کاهش خطر بروز آلودگی های زیست محیطی در راستای نیل به اهداف کشاورزی پایدار است. به منظور مقایسه اثر سطوح مختلف کودهای آلی و شیمیایی بر کارایی جذب، مصرف و بهره وری نیتروژن در گیاه دارویی اسفرزه (Plantago ovata Forsk.)، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با 10 تیمار و سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال زراعی 91-1390 اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل سه سطح کود نیتروژن (25، 50 و 75 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، سه سطح کود گاوی (5، 10 و 15 تن در هکتار)، سه سطح ورمی کمپوست (2، 4 و 6 تن در هکتار) و شاهد بودند. عملکرد دانه، زیست توده و محتوای نیتروژن زیست توده اندازه-گیری و سپس کارایی جذب، مصرف و بهره وری نیتروژن بر اساس آنها محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر تیمارهای مختلف بر تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه اسفرزه معنی دار بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه و زیست توده اسفرزه برای تیمار شش تن در هکتار ورمی کمپوست به ترتیب با 8/54 و 2/98 گرم در متر مربع مشاهده شد. با افزایش مقدار کود، درصد و محتوای نیتروژن زیست توده افزایش یافت. بالاترین کارایی مصرف و بهره وری نیتروژن بر اساس عملکرد دانه و عملکرد زیست توده اسفرزه برای شاهد بدست آمد. بیشترین و کمترین کارایی جذب نیتروژن اسفرزه به ترتیب با 9/8 و 0/7 گرم نیتروژن جذب شده به ازای گرم نیتروژن موجود در خاک برای تیمار پنج تن در هکتار کود دامی و 75 کیلوگرم نیتروژن حاصل شد. سطوح مختلف کود های آلی از نظر کارایی جذب و بهره وری نیتروژن در مقایسه با کود شیمیایی برتری داشتند. به طوری که مصرف کودهای آلی در مقایسه با کودهای شیمیایی باعث بهبود عملکرد، کارایی جذب و بهره وری نیتروژن شد، لذا می توان مصرف نهاده های آلی را به عنوان راهکاری پایدار برای بهبود رشد و عملکرد گیاهان دارویی نظیر اسفرزه در بوم نظام های زراعی مدنظر قرار داد که این امر علاوه بر بهبود کارایی مصرف نیتروژن، کاهش آلودگی های زیست محیطی را نیز تحت تأثیر آزادسازی تدریجی عناصر غذایی به دنبال دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• بهره وری نیتروژن
• کشاورزی پایدار
• گیاه دارویی
• نسبت جذب نیتروژن

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عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of organic and chemical fertilizer rates on nitrogen efficiency indices of isabgol (Plantago ovata Forsk.)

نویسندگان [English]

• A. Momen
• M. Nurzadeh Namaghi
• S. Khorramdel

Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

چکیده [English]

Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency is one of the most important strategies for improving productivity in agriculture and reducing risk of environmental pollutions in sustainable agriculture. In order to study the effects of different levels of organic manure and chemical fertilizer on nitrogen uptake efficiency (NupE), nitrogen utilization efficiency (NutE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of isabgol (Plantago ovata Forsk.), a field experiment was performed based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, during growing season of 2011-2012. Treatments included three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (25, 50 and 75 kg.ha-1), three levels of cow manure (5, 10 and 15 t.ha-1), three levels of vermicompost (2, 4 and 6 t.ha-1) and control. Seed yield, biological yield and nitrogen content of biomass of isabgol were measured and then NupE, NutE and NUE based on seed yield and biological yield were calculated accordingly. The results showed that the different fertilizers had significant effects on all studied traits of isabgol. The highest seed yield and biological yield of isabgol were observed in 6 t.ha-1 vermicopmpost with 98.2 and 54.8 g.m-2, respectively. By increasing fertilizer rate, nitrogen percentage and content of biomass were increased. The maximum NutE and NupE were achieved in control plots. Also, the highest and the lowest NupE of isabgol were obtained in 5 t.ha-1 cow manure and 75 kg.ha-1 N with 8.9 and 7.0 gN per g−1 Ns, respectively. Organic manures improved NupE and NUE more than chemical fertilizer. So, organic manure application enhanced yield, NupE and NUE of isabgol compared to chemical fertilizer. So, it seems that organic input application could be considered as a sustainable approach for improving growth and yield of medicinal plants such as isabgol in agroecosystems that will increase nitrogen efficiency and reduce environmental pollutions due to slow release of nutrients.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Medicinal plant
• Nitrogen uptake ratio
• Nitrogen use
• Sustainable agriculture

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