اثر ترکیبات مختلف کود نیتروژن با کمپوست بقایای نیشکر (Saccharum officinarum L.) و محل کشت بر رشد و عملکرد ذرت سیلویی (Zea mays L.) (S.C.704) تحت تنش خشکی در خوزستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران.

2 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی واکنش ذرت سیلوئی (Zea mays L.) به محل کشت و نسبت‌های مختلف کود نیتروژن و کود کمپوست بقایای نیشکر (Saccharum officinarum L.) در شرایط تنش خشکی، آزمایشی مزرعه‌ای به‌صورت کرت‌های دو بار خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در تابستان 1400 در مزرعه‌ آزمایشی هنرستان کشاورزی شهرستان رامهرمز در استان خوزستان اجرا شد. عوامل آزمایشی شامل سه سطح آبیاری پس از تخلیه 30 درصد رطوبت قابل دسترس، 50 درصد رطوبت قابل دسترس و 70 درصد رطوبت قابل دسترس در کرت‌های اصلی، پنج تیمار کودی شامل 100 درصد نیتروژن، 75 درصد نیتروژن + 25 درصد کمپوست،50 درصد نیتروژن + 50 درصد کمپوست، 25 درصد نیتروژن + 75 درصد کمپوست و 100 درصد کمپوست در کرت‌های فرعی و دو روش کاشت در ‌رأس پشته و کف جوی در کرت‌های فرعی فرعی بودند. تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر سطوح تنش خشکی، کود شیمیایی و کود آلی و روش کشت بر صفات ارتفاع بوته، شاخص سطح برگ، طول بلال، قطر بلال، عملکرد خشک برگ، ساقه و بلال، عملکرد تر و خشک کل و نسبت بلال به کل معنی‌دار است. مقایسه میانگین اثر برهم‌کنش روش کشت و کاربرد کود نیتروژن و کمپوست بقایای نیشکر در شرایط تنش خشکی نشان داد که در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب (شاهد بدون تنش)، بیشترین عملکرد خشک کل (25847 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از 100 درصد نیتروژن و کشت در کف جوی و کمترین (15725 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از 100 کمپوست و کشت در ‌رأس پشته حاصل شد. در شرایط تنش خشکی ملایم، حداکثر عملکرد خشک کل (20193 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از 50 درصد نیتروژن + 50 درصد کمپوست و کشت در کف جوی و حداقل آن (12256 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از 100 درصد کمپوست و کشت در ‌رأس پشته به‌دست آمد. همچنین در شرایط تنش شدید، بالاترین عملکرد خشک کل (13744 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از تیمار تلفیقی 50 درصد نیتروژن + 50 درصد کمپوست و کشت در کف جوی و کمترین آن (10242 کیلو گرم در هکتار) از 100 کمپوست و کشت در ‌رأس پشته به‌دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که تیمار تلفیقی 50 درصد نیتروژن + 50 درصد کمپوست نسبت به سایر تیمارها به‌ویژه در شرایط تنش خشکی (ملایم و شدید)، باعث افزایش عملکرد خشک کل علوفه ذرت شد و ثبات عملکردی بالاتری داشت. به‌طور کلی، کاربرد تلفیقی کود نیتروژن با کمپوست، با فراهمی عناصر غذایی، آزاد کردن تدریجی آن‌ها و نگهداشت رطوبت در خاک و کاشت در کف جوی با حفظ رطوبت بیشتر و ایجاد میکروکلیمای مناسب برای گیاه، موجب توسعه رشد، تعدیل تنش خشکی و افزایش عملکرد علوفه ذرت شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Different Combinations of Nitrogen Fertilizer with Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Residue Compost and Cultivation Place on the Growth and Yield of Silage Corn (S.C.704) (Zea mays L.) under Drought Stress in Khuzestan, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Ahmad Pourjamshid 1
  • Ali Moshatati 2
  • ُSeyed AtaAllah Siadat 2
  • Mohammad Reza Moradi Telavat 2
  • Aydin Khodaei joghan 2
1 Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, College of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
2 Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, College of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Drought stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses that can seriously reduce crop yield depending on the season, intensity, and time of occurrence. Corn (Zea mays L.)  cultivation and production in Khuzestan province face limitations such as lack of water resources in summer, low percentage of soil organic matter, heavy soil texture, and soil salinity that one of the reasons for which is the excessive use of chemical fertilizers, which can reduce some of these problems by using crop management and breed methods. Using compost fertilizer has beneficial effects on the physical, chemical, and biological conditions of the soil and has positive effects on grain yield and yield components of crop plants. Also, one of the factors affecting the growth and development of crops is the method and pattern of cultivation, which affects the distribution of plants in the field, distances between plants, the use of growth sources such as light, water, and soil nutrients, competition between plants, etc. that finally, these factors affect the growth and yield of crops. This study was designed with the aim of investigating the response of silage corn to the effect of the place of cultivation and different replacement ratios of nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer (sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) residue compost) under drought stress conditions in the Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan.
Materials and Methods
This experiment was conducted as a split split-plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the summer of 2021 in the experimental farm of the agricultural college of Ramhormoz in Khuzestan province. Experimental factors including irrigation regimes at three levels; Irrigation after draining 30% of available moisture in root development depth (I1: control irrigation), irrigation after draining 50% of available moisture in root development depth (I2: mild stress) and irrigation after draining 70% of available moisture in root development depth (I3: severe stress) in the main plots, five fertilizer treatments including the complete supply of nitrogen required by the plant through chemical nitrogen fertilizer (N1) (180 kg.ha-1 nitrogen), 75% nitrogen+ 25% compost (N2) (135 kg.ha-1 nitrogen+ 12.5 ton.ha-1 compost), 50% nitrogen+ 50% compost (N3) (90 kg.ha-1 nitrogen+ 25 ton/ha compost), 25% nitrogen+ 75% compost (N4) (45 kg.ha-1 nitrogen+ 37.5 ton/ha compost) and the complete supply of nitrogen required by the plant through the sugarcane residues compost (N5) (50 ton.ha-1 compost) in the sub plots and the planting site was by two methods of planting on ridges (P1) and planting in furrows (P2) in the sub-sub plots.
 
Results and Discussion
Variance analysis showed that the effect of different levels of drought stress caused by different irrigation regimes, ratios of chemical and organic fertilizer replacement and cultivation methods was significant on all the measured traits. A mean comparison of the interaction effect of the cultivation method and combined application of nitrogen fertilizer and sugarcane residue compost under drought stress conditions showed that the treatment of 50% chemical fertilizer+ 50% organic fertilizer (consumption of 180 kg.ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer and 25 tons.ha-1 of sugarcane residue compost) compared to other treatments, caused a significant increase in total fresh yield and total dry yield of corn. Under favorable irrigation conditions, the chemical nutrition treatment resulted in the highest total dry yield, with the combined nutrition treatments ranking next. However, under conditions of mild and severe drought stress, the combined nutrition treatments produced a higher yield compared to both the chemical and organic treatments.
 
Conclusion
In general, based on the results of this experiment, it seems that the integrated application of chemical fertilizer along with organic fertilizer with the providing of nutrients, their gradual release, and maintaining moisture in the soil and planting in furrows by maintaining more moisture and creating a suitable microclimate for the plant has developed growth, moderated drought stress, and increased corn yield.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Available moisture
  • Dry yield
  • Integrated application
  • Planting in furrows

©2023 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 13 اسفند 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 15 اردیبهشت 1402
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