بررسی اثر دامنه وسیع وزن بنه‌ بر رشد و گلدهی زعفران (Crocus sativus L.)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• علیرضا کوچکی ¹
• مهدی نصیری محلاتی ¹
• عبداله ملافیلابی ²
• علی نوروزیان ¹

¹ گروه زراعت و اصلاح و نباتات، دانشـکده کشـاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران.

² گﺮوه زﯾﺴﺖ ﻓﻨﺎوری ﻣﻮاد ﻏـﺬایی، ﻣﻮﺳﺴـﻪ پژوهشی ﻋﻠـﻮم و ﺻـﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻏﺬایی، اﯾﺮان

10.22067/jag.v10i3.32435

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی اثر دامنه وسیع وزن بنه بر رشد و گلدهی زعفران (Crocus sativus L.)، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال زراعی 91-1390 انجام شد. ده وزن بنه شامل کمتر از 2، 1-1/2، 10-1/6، 12-1/10، 14-1/12، 16-1/14، 18-1/16، 20-1/18، 24-1/20 و بیشتر از 24 گرم زعفران به عنوان تیمار مدنظر قرار گرفتند. فاکتورهای مورد مطالعه شامل تعداد و وزن تر گل، وزن تر و خشک کلاله، درصد بنه‌های فاقد گل در گروه­های مختلف وزنی، بنه‌های یک، دو، سه و چهار گل و بیشتر، تعداد کل بنه تولیدی دختر، تعداد بنه‌های تولید شده دختری در گروه­های وزنی کمتر از 4، 8-4، 12-8 و بیشتر از 12 گرم بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر دامنه وسیع وزن بنه بر تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه زعفران در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین تعداد گل برای وزن بنه بیشتر از 24 گرم برابر با 000/300/1 گل در هکتار تولید شد. 34/99 درصد بنه‌های کمتر از 2 گرم فاقد گل­آوری بودند. بنه‌های 16 گرم به بالا توان گل­آوری نداشته و بنه‌های 1/20 تا 24 گرم و بیشتر از 24 گرم از بالاترین تعداد 3 و 4 گل و بیشتر برخوردار بودند. بیشترین عملکرد خشک کلاله نیز به همین تیمارها تعلق داشت که این برتری نسبت به تیمار وزن بنه 1/6 تا 10 گرم، 75 درصد افزایش داشت. کمترین و بیشترین تعداد بنه‌های دختری تولید شده به­ترتیب مربوط به وزن کمتر از 2 گرم با 63000 بنه، بیشتر از 24 گرم به تعداد 000/550/25 بنه در هکتار بود و وزن­های 16-1/14 گرم و کمتر از 2 گرم به­ترتیب با 115 و 25 عدد بنه دختری کمتر از 4 گرم و وزن­های بیشتر از 24 و 1/10 تا 12 گرم بیشترین و کمترین بنه‌های 8-4 گرم را به خود اختصاص دادند. بیشترین بنه‌های 8 تا 12 گرم و بیشتر از 12 گرم مربوط به وزن بنه بیشتر از 24 گرم و کمترین آن­ها به وزن کمتر از 2 گرم و 1/2 تا 6 گرم اختصاص داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• کلمات کلیدی: زعفران
• کلاله خشک
• کلاله تر
• بنه دختری و تعداد گل

20.1001.1.20087713.1397.10.3.3.5

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عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Extensive Range of Corm Weights on Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Growth and Flowering

نویسندگان [English]

• Alireza Koocheki ¹
• Mehdi Nassiri Mahallati ¹
• Abdolah Molafilabi ²
• Ali Noroozian ¹

¹ Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran

² Department of Food Biotechnology, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) as a spice crop, additive, and flavoring is applied in food industries. Saffron also is applied in medicine as a drug. It has a specific site in Iran exports, so that 90% of saffron production belongs to Iran. In 2016 Iran has been the largest producer of saffron with 336 ton and cultivation area of 105270 ha. Provinces of Khorasan-Razavi and Southern Khorasan are the two main centers of saffron production in Iran. Environmental factors have considerable effects on quantitative and qualitative characters of saffron. Low yield of saffron in traditional farming systems can be due to application of small size corms. Corm size or corm weight is one of the most important factors affecting saffron yield. Research in this regard and finding out a standard size for planting saffron are among research directions for saffron research and development.
Materials and Methods
This experiment was arranged as randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 10 treatments and three replicates at the research farm of college of agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (latitude 36 and 16 north and longitude 59 and 36 east and altitude 985m) in cropping year of 2012-2013. Ten weight groups of mother corms were as follows: <2, 2.1-6, 6.1-10, 10.1-12, 12.1-14, 14.1-16, 16.1-18, 18.1-20, 20.1-24 and >24 g as treatments. Land preparation included primary plough, disc and leveler and then to plot the land as 1×1 m with between rows 20 cm as plant density of 50 corms.m-2. Picking saffron flowers occurred in late October as daily basis and corm lifting occurred in June. Measured characters were, number of corms without flowers, number of one flower corms, number of double flower corms, number of three flower corms, four flower corms and higher ones, total number of sister corms, number of sister corms in weight groups of <4, 4-8, 8-12, and >12 g. Data analysis was performed with SAS 9.1 and mean comparisons with duncan’smultiple range test at p ≤0.0 5.
Results and Discussion
Corm weight is very important in flowering capacity of saffron. So, by increasing weight of mother corm, number of flowers may improve. Based on results obtained from variance analysis, number of saffron flowers was affected significantly by weight corms of mother corms (p≤0.01). By increasing corm weight number of saffron flowers increased so that corms less than 2 g produced least flowers and highest number of flowers related to 20.1-24 and 24 g corms with 1250000 and 1300000 flowers.ha-1. These findings have been confirmed another place. Findings of this research showed that the most critical factor affecting saffron flowering is corm weight that is among the few factors affect flowering. We know that there is a positive relationship between corm diameter and corm weight. Some authors apply corm diameter and some other use corm weight but most authors use corm weight.
Conclusion
It was concluded that increasing weight of mother corms through increasing number of sister corms caused to increase number of flowers that finally was followed by improvement of dry stigma. Increasing mother corm weight had positive effects on all vegetative and reproductive characters of saffron.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Keyword: Saffron
• Dry stigma
• fresh stigma
• Replacement corm and Number of flower

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