بررسی روابط رگرسیونی و همبستگی بین صفات ذرت دانه ای تحت تیمارهای مختلف کودی و شرایط تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثرات جداگانه و ترکیبی کودهای فسفاته، باکتری های حل کننده فسفات و قارچ مایکوریزا بر تعدیل و کاهش خسارات ناشی از تنش خشکی در مرحله رشد رویشی ذرت دانه ای هیبرید سینگل کراس 704 آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1388-1387 در مزرعه تحقیقات شماره سه پردیس ابوریحان دانشگاه تهران بصورت اسپلیت پلات و در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با دو فاکتور به اجرا در آمد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل تنش خشکی (به عنوان فاکتور اصلی) و ترکیبات مختلف کودی (به عنوان فاکتور فرعی) بودند. تیمارهای آبیاری در سه سطح به عنوان عامل اصلی براساس 50، 100 و 150 میلیمتر تبخیر تجمعی از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A و تیمارهای کودی در پنج سطح شامل b1 (باکتری های حل کننده فسفر + قارچ مایکوریزا)، b2 (باکتری های حل کننده فسفر+ قارچ مایکوریزا + 50 درصد سوپرفسفات تریپل)، b3 (باکتری های حل کننده فسفر + 50 درصد سوپر فسفات تریپل)، b4 (قارچ مایکوریزا + 50 درصد سوپرفسفات تریپل) و b5 (کود شیمیایی فسفره) به عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر اصلی خشکی بر صفات ارتفاع بوته، وزن خشک ساقه، قطر ساقه، ارتفاع تشکیل بلال، تعداد دانه در ردیف بلال، وزن 300 دانه، وزن بلال، طول بلال، قطر بلال، قطر چوب بلال، عمق دانه، درصد چوب و عملکرد کل دانه بسیار معنی دار بود. همچنین تأثیر تیمارهای مختلف کود بر صفات تعداد برگ در گیاه، قطر ساقه و ارتفاع بلال غیرمعنی دار و بر سایر صفات ارزیابی شده معنی دار بود. تمام صفات اندازه گیری شده در تیمارهای تلقیح با ترکیب باکتری های حل کننده فسفر، قارچ مایکوریزا و 50 درصد سوپرفسفات تریپل تحت شرایط کم آبیاری بالاتر از سایر تیمارها بودند. همبستگی ساده بین صفات و تجزیه رگرسیون گام به گام در هریک از شرایط بدون تنش، تنش خفیف و شدید خشکی محاسبه شد. رگرسیون گام به گام نشان داد صفات تعداد دانه در ردیف، وزن 300 دانه، تعداد ردیف دانه در بلال و ارتفاع بوته تحت شرایط تنش شدید خشکی بیش از 90 درصد از تغییرات عملکرد دانه را توجیه می کنند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که تیمار بذور با ترکیب باکتری های حل کننده فسفر، قارچ مایکوریزا و 50 درصد سوپرفسفات تریپل تحت شرایط تنش رطوبتی تأثیری مثبت (03/12- درصد) بر کاهش خسارات وارده به گیاه و بالتبع افزایش اجزاء عملکرد وارد نمود که در نتیجه منجر به کاهش شدت تنش رطوبتی و افزایش عملکرد دانه شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Studying correlation and regression equations between traits of grain corn under different fertilizer combinations and drought stress condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • M Zarabi
  • I Alahdadi
  • G.A Akbari
  • H Iranejad
  • G.A Akbari
چکیده [English]

In order to study the combined and separate effects of phosphorus fertilizer, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungus on adjusting and reducing the loss of yield resulting from drought stress during the stage of growth of grain corn (SC704) an experiment was performed in Aboureihan Campus of the University of Tehran, Iran, during 2007-2008. The experiment was conducted as split plot based on a randomised completely block design (RCBD) with four replications. Experimental factors were drought stress as the main-plot [irrigation after 50 [without drought stress], 100 and 150 mm evaporation from pan class A, and fertilizer compounds as the sub-plot (100% phosphorus (b5), 50% super phosphate triple+ mycorrhizal fungus + Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (b2), mycorrhizal fungus + Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (b1), 50% super phosphate triple + Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (b3), and 50% super phosphate triple + mycorrhizal fungus (b4)). Drought stress happened after seedling establishment. Result of variance analysis showed that drought stress significantly affected plant height, stem dry weight, stem diameter, ear height, kernel number per row, 300 kernel weight, ear weight, ear length, ear diameter, cob diameter, kernel depth, cob percentage and total yield traits. Also, there was not significantly difference between fertilizer treatment for number of Leaf per plant, stem diameter and ear height traits. All the assessed traits in b2 inoculated treatment showed of higher values than other treats under water deficit stress condition. Furthermore, the investigated traits of b5 treat under severe water deficit stress were significantly less pronounced than normal irrigation and low stressed conditions. The results showed that all measured traits in seed inoculums with b2 under the low drought stress stood higher than other treats. Using stepwise regression was performed for grain corn in all conditions and in high stress conditions four traits have been extracted, which describe most 90% of yield variations. These results have completely coincidence with simple correlation analysis.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Mycorrhiza fungies
  • Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria
  • Super phosphate triple
1- Agrama, H.A.S. 1996. Sequential Path analysis of grain Yield and its components in maize. Plant Breeding 115: 343-346
2- Ahmadzade, A. 1990. Determination of the best drought stress indices in selective corn lines. Msc Thesis, Agricultural faculty of University of Tehran (In Persian with English Summary)
3- Alahdadi, I., Zarabi, M., and Golbashy, M. 2009. Study to reduction effects of drought stress on growth stage of seed corn (S.C 704), using phosphorus solubilizing bacteria, phosphorus chemical fertilizer and Mycorrhiza, fungus AM. 1st Regional Conference on Tropical Crops Production under Environmental Stresses Conditions. 19 Nov 2009. Islamic Azad University, Sciences and Research Branch. p:41. (In Persian)
4- Asea, P.E.A., Kucey, R.M.N., and Stewart, J.W.R. 1988. Inorganic phosphate solubilization by two Penicillium species in solution culture and soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 20(4): 459-464
5- Brown, J.S. 1979. Water transport in plant: mechanism of apparent changes in resistance during absorbtion. Plant Phytologist 117: 182-207.
6- Caker, R. 2004. Effect of water stress at different development stage on vegetative and reproductive growth of corn. Field Crops Research 89(1): 1-16
7- Ebdai, R. 2003. study effect of applying mycorrhizae and phosphorous levels in different irrigation condition on yield and yield component and some morphological characters of pop corn. Msc Thesis. Islamic Azad University of Karaj. (In Persian with English Summary)
8- Espelta, J.F., Eissenstat, D.M., and Graham, J.H. 1999. Citrus root responses to localization drying soil: a new approach to studing mycorrhizal effects on the roots of trees. Plant Science 206:1-10.
9- Gaur, R., Shani., N., Kawaljeet, B.N., Rossi., P., Aragno, M. 2002. Diacetyl phloroglucinol-producing Pseudomonas do not influence am Fungi in wheat rhizosphere. Current Science 86: 453-457.
10- Ghahfarrokhi, A.R., Khodabandeh, N., Ahmadi, A., and Bankehsaz, A. 2004. Study on effect of drought stress in different growth stages on yield, yield components and quality of grain maize. Abstracts of the 8th Iranian Congress of Crop Sciences. College of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. 239 pp. (In Persian)
11- Golbashy, M., Shoa Hosseini, M., Khavari Khorasani, S., Farsi, M., and Zarabi, M. 2009. Effect of drought stress on yield, yield components, morphological traits of single cross and three way cross of corn. Abstract Book of the National Conferences on Consumption Pattern Reforms in Agriculture and Natural Resources, 225 pp.
12- Iranipor, R., Malakouti, M.J., Abedi, M.J., Sajadi, A., and Ghaforian, J. 2003. Study effect of brimstone, organic matter, thiobacilus and phosphate solubilization bacteria on phpsphor absorb ability. Abstract Book of 3th National Congress of Develop in Appling Biological Material and Optimum Use of Fertilizer and Poison in Agriculture., Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
13- Jaafari, P., and Imani, M.R. 2004. Study of drought stress and plant density on yield and some agronomical traits of maize KSC 301. Abstracts of the 8th. Iranian Congress of Crop Sciences. College of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. 235 pp. (In Persian)
14- Leinhos,V. 1994. Effects pf pH and glucose on auxin production by phosphate-solubilizing rhizobacteria in vitro. Research in Microbiology 149:135-138.
15- Lucey, R., Reed, E., Glick, R.B. 2004. Application of free living plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 86: 1-25.
16- Martin, R.J., Jamieson, P.D., Gillespie, R.N., and Maley, S. 2001. Effect of timing and intensity of drought on the yield of oats (Avena sativa L.). Proceedings of the 10th Australian Agronomy Conference. New Zealand Institute for Crop and Food Research Limited, Christchurch, New Zealand.
17- Mosavi Jangali, S.A., Sni, B., Sharifi, M., and Hosseyni Nejad, Z. 2004. Effect of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria and Mycorrhiza on quantitative trait of corn (S.C 704). 8th Congress Agronomi and Plant Breeding, Gilan Agriculture University. 184 pp. (In Persian)
18- Nesmith, D.S. 1991. Growth resposes of corn (Zea mays L.) to intermittent soil water deficits. Field Crops Abstracts Nov. 1991. 7924.
19- Norgholipor, F., Khavazi, K., and Khoshkam, T. 2003. Effect of apply phosphate soil with thiobacilus bacteris and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria on yield. 3th National Congress of Develop in Appling Biological Material and Optimum Use of Fertilizer and poison in Agriculture. Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
20- Osborne, S.L., Scheppers, J.S., Francis, D.D., and Schlemmer, M.R. 2002. Use of spectral radiance to in season biomass and grain yield in nitrogen and water – stressed corn. Crop Science 42: 165-171.
21- Pantuwan, G., Fukai, S., Cooper, M., Rajatasereeku, S., and O’Toole, J.C. 2002. Yield response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes to different types of drought under rainfed lowlands. Part I. Grain yield and yield components. Field Crops Research 73: 153-168.
22- Pinheiro, C., Passarinhoa, J.A., and Ricardo, C.P. 2004. Effect of drought and rewatering on the metabolism of Lupinus albus organs. Journal Plant Physiology 161: 1203-1210
23- Sharma, A.K. 2002. Biofertilizer for Sustainable Agriculture. 1nd Edition. Jodhpur: Agrobios, India. 45 pp.
24- Shirinzade, E., Zarghami, R., and Shiri, M.R. 2009. Evaluation of drought tolerant in corn hybrids using drought tolerance indices. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 10(4): 416-427. (In Persian with English Summary)
25- Shoa Hosseini, M., Golbashy, M., Farsi, M., Khavari Khorasani, S., and Ashofte Beiragi, M. 2009. Evaluation of correlation between yield and its dependent trait in single cross corn hybrids under drought stress. Abstract Book of 1st Regional Conference on Tropical Crops Production under Environmental Stresses Condition. Islamic Azad University, Khozestan, P :72 (In Persion)
26- Shoae Hosseini, S.M., Farsi, M., and Khavari Khorasani, S. 2008. Investigation of water deficit stress effects on yield and yield components using path analysis in some corn hybrids. Agricultural Science 18(1): 71-85 (In Persian with English Summary)
27- Subba Rao, N.S. 1988. Biofertilizers in agriculture. 1nd Edition. New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., India.
28- Wasson, J., Schumacher, J.R., and Wicks, T.E. 2000. Maize water content and solute potential at three stages of development. University of Illinois. Department of Crop Sciences, Maydica 45(1): 67-72.
29- Zarei, M., Saleh-Rastin, N., Alikhani, H.A., and Aliasgharzadeh, N. 2006. Responses of lentil to co-inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing Rhizobial strains and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. Journal of Plant Nutrition 29: 1509–1522.
CAPTCHA Image