ارزیابی تأثیر کیفیت زیستگاه‌ بر جامعه فون خاک در منطقه جاجرم

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

چکیده

تأثیر کاربری اراضی، نوع محصول و شیوه مدیریت کشاورزی بر جامعه فون خاک با پیمایش چهار نوع زیستگاه در سطح شهرستان جاجرم مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. زیستگاه‌ها شامل مراتع طبیعی، مزارع یونجه (Medicago sativa L.)، مزارع کم‌نهاده و مزارع پرنهاده گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) و هر یک متشکل از چهار واحد نمونه گیری بودند. در هر واحد نمونه گیری ماکروفون‌های خاک با استفاده از تله‌های چاله‌ای جمع آوری و به تفکیک خانواده شمارش شدند. از آنالیزهای تقابل، تشابه و تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها استفاده گردید. غنای تاکسونومیک، شاخص تنوع سیمپسون و فراوانی گروه‌های مهم ماکروفون خاک در زیستگاه مرتعی به طور چمشگیری کمتر از زیستگاه‌های کشاورزی بود. این کاهش به دو عامل پایین بودن تنوع گیاهی و فشار چرا نسبت داده شد. عدم ورود نهاده‌های شیمیایی، تخریب کمتر و چند ساله بودن گیاه یونجه سبب فراوانی ماکروفون‌های مفید خاک در مقایسه با گندم گردید. شیوه مدیریت زراعی تأثیر قابل توجهی بر جامعه ماکروفون نداشت. با این حال گرایش ماکروفون‌های مفید خاک به سکونت در زیستگاه کم‌نهاده قابل درک بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation the impact of habitat quality on the soil fauna in Jajarm region

نویسندگان [English]

  • GhorbanAli Rassam
  • Naser Latifi
  • Afshin Soltani
  • Behnam Kamkar
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
چکیده [English]

The effects of land use, crop type and crop management on soil fauna were investigated with survey of four habitats in Jajarm. The habitats included rangelands, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) fields and low-input and high-input of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields, each with four sample units. In each sample unit, the macrofauna collected with pitfall traps, sorted and counted in terms of family. The analysis of data conducted using of contrast analysis, analysis of similarities and principal component analysis (PCA). In rangelands the taxonomic richness, Simpson diversity index and abundance of macrofauna families tremendously were lower than agricultural habitats. These were attributed to low of plant diversity and pressure of livestock grazing. In alfalfa fields, increased abundance of beneficial macrofauna than wheat fields due to use not of chemical inputs, low disturbance and perennial of alfalfa. The crop management dad not has any significant impact on soil macrofauna. However, soil important macrofauna showed great tendency to occupancy in low-input wheat fields.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Crop management
  • land use
  • Macrofauna
  • Simpson diversity index
  • Taxonomic richness
  • wheat

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 29 خرداد 1390
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 29 خرداد 1390
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 29 خرداد 1390

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