تأثیر برخی از ریزوباکتری های محرک رشد و کود نیتروژنی بر ویژگی های مورفولوژیک بابونه آلمانی (Matricaria chamomilla L.)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر ریزوباکتر ی های محرک رشد گیاه و کود نیتروژنی بر صفات مورفولوژیک بابونه آلمانی (Matricaria chamomilla L.)، در سال زراعی 87-1386، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده ی کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز اجرا شد. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی در این تحقیق را تلقیح با ریزوباکتری های محرک رشد (B0: عدم تلقیح، B1: تلقیح با ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم، B2: تلقیح با آزوسپیریلوم لیپوفروم و B3: تلقیح با مخلوط دو باکتری) و کود نیتروژنی (0N0:، 50N1:، 100N2: و150N3: کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار) تشکیل دادند. نتایج نشان داد که تلقیح با باکتری ها به طور معنی داری سبب بهبود ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه اصلی، تعداد شاخه فرعی، تعداد گل در بوته، وزن خشک گل، برگ، ساقه و وزن خشک کل تک بوته گردید. این صفات در تیمارهای تلقیح با ازتوباکتر، تلقیح با آزوسپیریلوم و تلقیح با مخلوط دو باکتری از نظر آماری مشابه بودند. اثر کود نیتروژنی بر تمامی صفات (به جز تعداد شاخه فرعی) مثبت بود، ولی بین سطوح کودی 50، 100 و 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار اختلاف معنی داری مشاهده نشد. بیشترین و کمترین تعداد و وزن گل تک بوته به ترتیب برای تلقیح با ازتوباکتر + kgN.ha-150 و عدم تلقیح + عدم مصرف کود نیتروژنی ثبت گردید. در مجموع، مصرف کودهای زیستی اثر مثبت و معنی داری بر صفات مورفولوژیک بابونه داشته است. بعلاوه با اضافه کردن kgN.ha-1 50 کارآیی باکتری ها افزایش یافته و بیشترین عملکرد گل تولید شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of some plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen fertilizer on morphological characteristics of german chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • S. Dastborhan
  • S. Zehtab-Salmasi
  • S Nasrollahzadeh
  • A.R. Tavassoli
چکیده [English]

.In order to investigate the effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen fertilizer on morphological traits of german chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), a field experiment was carried out as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran, during 2007-2008. Factors were inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (B0: no-inoculation, B1: inoculation with Azotobacter chroocuccum, B2: inoculation with Azospirillum lipoferum and B3: inoculation with a mixture of two bacteria) and nitrogen fertilizer (N0:0, N1:50, N2:100 and N3:150 kgN.ha-1). Results showed that inoculation with bacteria significantly improved plant height, stem diameter, number of lateral branches, number of flowers per plant, dry weight of flowers, stems, leaves and total dry weight per plant. These traits were significantly similar for inoculation with Azotobacter, inoculation with Azospirillum and inoculation with a mixture of two bacteria. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on all traits (except number of lateral branches) was positive, but there were no significant differences among 50, 100 and 150 kg.ha-1 nitrogen. The highest and the lowest number and weight of flowers per plant were recorded for inoculation + 50 kg.ha-1 nitrogen application and no-inoculation + no-fertilizer, respectively. In general, application of biofertilizers had positive and significant effects on morphological traits of german chamomile. In addition, with adding 50 kg N.ha-1 the performance of bacteria increased and the highest flower yield were produced.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Azospirillum lipoferum
  • Azotobacter chroocuccum
  • Medicinal plants
1- Abdelaziz, M., Pokluda, R., and Abdelwahab, M. 2007. Influence of compost, microorganism and NPK fertilizer upon growth, chemical composition and essential oil production of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 35: 86-90.
2- Astaraii, A.R., and Koocheki, A. 1996. Biofertilizers in (Sustainable) Agriculture. (Eds.), Jahade Daneshgahie Mashhad Publications, 168 p. (In Persian)
3- Bhattarai, T., and Hess, D. 1993. Yield responses of Nepalese spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars to inoculation with Azospirillum spp. of Nepalese origin. Plant and Soil 151: 67-76.
4- Daneshkhah, M., Kafi, M., Nikbakht, A., and Mirjalili, M.H. 2007. Effects of different levels of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on flower yield and essential oil content of Rosa damascene Mill. from Barzok of Kashan. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science Technology 8(2): 83-90. (In Persian with English Summary)
5- De Freitas, J.R., and Germida, J.J. 1990. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for winter wheat. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 36: 264-272.
6- Dobbelaere, S., Croonenborghs, A., Thys, A., Ptacek, D., Vanderleyden, J., Dutto, P., Labandera-Gonzalez, C., Caballero-Mellado, J., Aguirre, J.F., Kapulnik, Y., Brener, S., Burdman, S., Kadouri, D., Sarig, S., and Okon, Y. 2001. Response of agronomically important crops to inoculation with Azospirillum. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 28: 871-879.
7- Fallahi, J., Koocheki, A., and Rezvani-Moghaddam, P. 2009. Effects of biofertilizers on quantitative and qualitative yield of chamomile (Matricaria recutita) as a medicinal plant. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Research 7(1): 127-135. (In Persian with English Summary)
8- Fallik, E., and Okon, Y. 1996. The response of maize (Zea mays) to Azospirillum inoculation in various types of soils in the field. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 12: 511-515.
9- Farzana, Y., and Radizah, O. 2005. Influence of rhizobacterial inoculation on growth of the sweetpotato cultivar. OnLine Journal of Biological Science 1(3): 176-179
10- Goeschl, T. 2002. Stakes in the evolutionary race: the economic value of plants for medicinal application. Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants 9: 373-388.
11- Haller, T., and Stolp, H. 1985. Quantitative estimation of root exudation of maize plants. Plant and Soil 86: 207-216.
12- Johri, A.K., Srivastava, L.J., Singh, J.M., and Rana, R.C. 1992. Effect of time planting on German chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.). Indian Journal of Agronomy 32: 302-304.
13- Kader, M.A., Main, M.H., and Hoque, M.S. 2002. Effects of Azotobacter inoculant on the yield and nitrogen uptake by wheat. OnLine Journal of Biological Science 2: 259-261.
14- Kandeel, A.M., Naglaa, S.A.T., and Sadek, A.A. 2002. Effect of biofertilizers on the growth, volatile oil yield and chemical composition of Ocimum bacilicum L. plant. Annals of Agricultural Science 47: 351-371.
15- Khalid, A., Arshad, M., and Zahir, A.Z. 2004. Screening plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for improving growth and yield of wheat. Journal of Applied Microbiology 96: 473-480.
16- Khorramdel, S., Koocheki, A.R., Nassiri-Mahallati, M., and Ghorbani, R. 2008. Application effects of biofertilizers on the growth indices of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Research 6(2): 285-294. (In Persian with English Summary)
17- Koocheki, A., Tabrizi, L., and Ghorbani, R. 2008. Effect of biofertilizers on agronomic and quality criteria of Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Research 6(1): 127-137. (In Persian with English Summary)
18- Letchamo, W., and Vomel, A. 1989. The relationship between ploidy levels and certain morphological characteristics of chamomilla recutita. Planta Medica 55: 527-528.
19- Mahfouz, S.A., and Sharaf-Eldin, M.A. 2007. Effect of mineral vs. biofertilizer on growth, yield, and essential oil content of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill). Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences 21: 361-366.
20- Manaffee, W.F., and Kloepper, J.W. 1994. Applications of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in sustainable agriculture. Pankburst, C.E., Doube, B.M., Gupta, V.V.S.R., and Grace, P.R., (eds.) In: Soil biota management in sustainable farming systems. pp: 23-31, CSiRO, Pub East Melbourne, Australia.
21- Marschner, P., Gerendas, J., and Sattelmacher, B. 1999. Effect of N concentration and N source on root colonization by Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 RLI. Plant and Soil 215: 135-141.
22- Mirshekari, B., Darbandi, S., and Ejlali, L. 2007. Effect of irrigation intervals, nitrogen rate and nitrogen splitting on essence of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Iranian Journal of Crop Science 9(2):142-156. (In Persian with English Summary)
23- Niakan, M., Khavarynejad, R.A., and Rezaee, M.B. 2004. Effect of different rates of N/P/K fertilizer on leaf fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area and oil content in Mentha piperita L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 20(2): 131-148. (In Persian with English Summary)
24- Okon, Y. 1985. Azospirillum as a potential inoculant for agriculture. Trends in Biotechnology 3: 223-228.
25- Okon, Y., and Labandera-Gonzalez, C.A. 1994. Agronomic applications of Azospirillum: an evaluation of 20 years worldwide field inoculation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 26: 1591-1601.
26- Omidbaigi, R. 2008. Production and processing of medicinal plants. Volume 3, 5th edition, Beh Nashr (Astane Ghodse Razavi Publications), 397 p. (In Persian)
27- Omidbaigi, R. 2009. Production and processing of medicinal plants. Vol. 1, 5th edition, Beh Nashr (Astane Ghodse Razavi Publications), 347 pp. (In Persian)
28- Padulosi, S., Leaman, D., and Quek, P. 2002. Challenges and opportunities in enhancing and conservation and use of medicinal and aromatic plants. Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants 9: 243-267.
29- Rahmani, N., Valadabadi, A.R., Daneshian, J., and Bigdeli, M. 2008. The effects of water deficit stress and nitrogen on oil yield of Calendula officinalis L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 24(1): 101-108. (In Persian with English Summary)
30- Ratti, N., Kumar, S., Verma, H.N., and Gautams, S.P. 2001. Improvement in bioavailability of tricalcium phosphate to Cymbopogon martini var. motia by Rhizobacteria, AMF and Azospirillum inoculation. Microbiology Research 156: 145-149.
31- Salamon, I. 1992. Chamomile a medicinal plant. Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants 10: 1-4.
32- Shaalan, M.N. 2005. Influence of biofertilizers and chicken manure on growth, yield and seeds quality of (Nigella sativa L.) plants. Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 83: 811-828.
33- Sumner, M.E. 1990. Crop responses to Azospirillum inoculation. In: Stewart, B.A. (ed.), Advances in Soil Sciences 12: 53-123.
34- Vessey, J.K. 2003. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant and Soil 255: 571-586.
35- Youssef, A.A., Edris, A.E., and Gomaa, A.M. 2004. A comparative study between some plant growth regulators and certain growth hormones producing microorganisms on growth and essential oil composition of Salvia officinalis L. Plant Annals of Agricultural Science 9: 299-311.
36- Zahir, A.Z., Arshad, M., and Frankenberger, W.F. 2004. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: applications and perspectives in agriculture. Advances in Agronomy 81: 97-168.
37- Zeinali, H., Bagheri-Kholanjani, M., Golparvar, M.R., Jafarpour, M., and Shirani-Rad, A.H. 2008. Effect of different planting time and nitrogen fertilizer rates on flower yield and its components in German chamomile (Matricaria recutita). Iranian Journal of Crop Science 10(3): 220-230. (In Persian with English Summary)
CAPTCHA Image