بررسی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی، مورفولوژیکی و عملکرد ارقام سویا (Glycine max L.) در نسبت های مختلف کشت مخلوط

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

2 دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

3 مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی ارقام سویا (Glycine max L.) در کشت مخلوط، آزمایشی در مزرعه کشاورزی ایستگاه تحقیقاتی شهرستان قائم شهر (مازندران) در سال زراعی 88-1387 در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار اجرا گردید. ارقام پاکوتاه ساری و پابلند 032 به ترتیب در نسبت های کاشت 0:4، 1:3، 2:2، 3:1 و 4:0 با تراکم 45 بوته در مترمربع با استفاده از روش جایگزینی کاشته شدند. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که نسبت های مختلف کاشت اثر معنی داری بر توزیع غلاف در قسمت های مختلف ساقه اصلی و عملکرد دانه سویا داشتند. تعداد غلاف در یک سوم میانی ساقه اصلی در نسبت کاشت 2:2 به میزان 53 درصد بیشتر از کشت خالص رقم 032 (4:0) و در یک سوم فوقانی 56 درصد بیشتر از کشت خالص رقم ساری (0:4) بود. اثر نسبت های کاشت بر شاخص سطح برگ و وزن خشک کل ارقام سویا نیز معنی دار بود. نسبت های کاشت 2:2، 1:3 و 3:1 از شاخص سطح برگ و وزن خشک بیشتری در مقایسه با کشت خالص هر یک از ارقام سویا برخوردار بودند. همچنین نسبت های مختلف کشت مخلوط از نسبت برابری زمین بیشتری در مقایسه با کشت خالص هر یک از ارقام برخوردار بودند و در این بین نسبت کاشت 2:2 بیشترین عملکرد دانه را به میزان 4558 کیلوگرم در هکتار تولید کرد. این امر می تواند به علت افزایش شاخص سطح برگ و توزیع مناسب غلاف ها در ساختار کانوپی ایجاد شده باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of physiological and morphological characteristics and yield of soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars under different intercropping planting ratios

نویسندگان [English]

  • Meisam Namdari 1
  • Mohammad Ali Behdani 2
  • Gholamhossein Arab 3
1 Agronomy, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran
2 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
3 Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Mazandaran, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate physiological and morphological characteristics and yield of soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars under different planting ratios a field experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with four replications at the Gaem shahr Agricultural Research Centre of Mazandran Province, Iran, during 2008. Two soybean cultivars (032 and Sari) were planted in row intercropping in 3:1, 2:2, 1:3 and pure cultures variety planted as replacement method, respectively. The Results indicated that the planting ratio had significant effect on pod dispersal in different parts of main stem and yield of soybean cultivars. The pod number to one third mid in main stem into 53 percentages was more in 032 in pure stand and pod number to one third up into 56 percentages was more in Sari cultivar pure stand. Intercropping ratio showed significant effect on leaf area index (LAI) and total dry weight (TDW) soybean cultivars. Leaf area index (LAI) and total dry weight (TDW) was higher in 2:2, 1:3 and 3:1 planting ratios compared to pure stand in each cultivar. The highest Land equivalent ratios (LER) and seed yield on mean which was 4558 kg.ha-1 were belong to 2:2 planting ratio. In general the highest yield of soybean cultivars was in 2:2 planting ratio which may cause increasing in LAI and suitable pod dispersal in different parts of canopy structure of soybean cultivars.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Land equivalent ratio
  • Leaf Area Index
  • Pod number
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