اثرات کاربرد کودهای بیولوژیک در ترکیب با کود شیمیایی بر رشد ذرت (Zea mays L.) در شوشتر

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه اگرواکولوژی، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

کودهای بیولوژیک از جمله نهاده‏های طبیعی هستند که می‏توانند به عنوان مکمل یا جایگزین کودهای شیمیایی در کشاورزی پایدار به کار برده شوند. اثرات کود بیولوژیک نیتروژن و فسفر (نیتروکسین و کود میکروبی فسفاته) و کودهای شیمیایی بر شاخص‏های رشد ذرت (Zea mays L.) در سال زراعی 87-1386 در شوشتر به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل تلفیق کاربرد کودهای بیولوژیک و شیمیایی در چهار سطح: 100% شیمیایی (A1)، 50% شیمیایی+ بیولوژیک (A2)، 25% شیمیایی+ بیولوژیک (A3) و فقط بیولوژیک (A4) بود. نتایج نشان داد کاربرد تلفیقی کودهای بیولوژیک با کود شیمیایی باعث افزایش ارتفاع گیاه، شاخص سطح برگ، تولید ماده خشک، سرعت رشد محصول، سرعت رشد نسبی، شاخص دوام سطح برگ و نسبت سطح برگ در مقایسه با کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی به تنهایی شد. ارتفاع گیاه در تیمار تلفیقی 50% شیمیایی+ بیولوژیک نسبت به سایر تیمارهای آزمایش بیشتر بود و بیشترین ارتفاع در 115 روز پس از کاشت در این تیمار (186 سانتی‏متر) و کمترین آن در تیمار کاربرد کود شیمیایی به تنهایی (178 سانتی‏متر) به دست آمد. حداکثر و حداقل شاخص سطح برگ در 71 روز پس از کاشت به ترتیب در تیمارهای 25% شیمیایی+ بیولوژیک (71/4) و بیولوژیک (3/2) مشاهده شد. همین روند در مورد تولید ماده خشک در 94 روز پس از کاشت (به ترتیب 37/20 و 48/12 تن در هکتار) میزان جذب خالص در 94 پس از کاشت (4/19 و 3/11 گرم در متر مربع) و سرعت رشد محصول در 71 روز پس از کاشت ( 8/44 و 5/26 گرم در متر مربع)مشاهده گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Integrated application of biofertiliser and chemical fertilizer on growth of maize (Zea mays L.) in Shushtar

نویسندگان [English]

  • Khaled Eydizadeh
  • AbdolMajid Mahdavi Damghani
  • Hossin Sabahi
  • Saeed Soufizadeh
Department of Agroecology, Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Biofertilizers are natural inputs that can be applied as complement or substituent of chemical fertilizers in sustainable agriculture. Effects of N and P bio- and chemical fertilizers on growth indices of maize (Zea mays L.) was studied on 2008 in Shushtar, Iran, based an as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized block design with three replications. Treatments consisted four levels of biological and chemical fertilizers, A1 (100% Chemical fertilizer), A2 (50% Chemical+biological fertilizer), A3 (25% Chemical+biological fertilizer), and A4 (Biological fertilizer). Results showed that integrated application of biological and chemical fertilizers increased stem length,leaf area index (LAI), dry mater (DM) accumulation, crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), leaf area duration index (LAID) and leaf area ratio (LAR) in relation to chemical fertilizers, the highest and the lowest plant height was observed at 115 day after planting in A2 (186cm) and A1 (178cm), respectively. The minimum and the maximum LAI was observed at 71 day after planting in A3 (4.71) and A4 (2.3) treatments, respectively. Similar trend was observed in DM accumulation (20.37 and 12.48 t.ha-1, respectively) and net assimilation rate at 94 day after planting (19.4 and 11.3 g.m-2) and crop growth rate at 71 day after planting (44.8 and 26.5 g.m-2, respectively).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Growth Index
  • Nitrogen
  • Phosphorus
  • Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria
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