بررسی تاثیر کودهای شیمیایی و آلی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گیاه کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.) در تراکم های مختلف کاشت

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زراعت و اصلاح و نباتات، دانشـکده کشـاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران

چکیده

جهت ارزیابی بهترین تراکم کاشت و نوع کود مصرفی در تولید گیاه روغنی کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.)، آزمایشی بصورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار، انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل کود در چهار سطح (1- کود گاوی (30 تن در هکتار)، 2- کمپوست زباله شهری (30 تن در هکتار)، 3- کود شیمیایی (250 کیلوگرم فسفر به صورت فسفات آمونیوم و 100 کیلوگرم نیتروژن به صورت اوره) و 4- تیمار شاهد بدون هیچ گونه کود و تراکم کاشت نیز در چهار سطح (20، 30، 40 و 50 بوته در متر مربع) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تمامی تیمارهای کودی، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد کپسول در بوته، بیوماس بوته، عملکرد دانه، وزن دانه در بوته و تعداد دانه در کپسول را نسبت به شاهد افزایش معنی داری دادند و بیشترین مقدار این صفات در تیمار کود گاوی بدست آمد. با افزایش تراکم بوته در متر مربع، عملکرد دانه افزایش معنی داری یافت، ولی ارتفاع بوته، تعداد کپسول در بوته، بیوماس بوته، وزن دانه در بوته و تعداد دانه در کپسول کاهش نشان داد. صفات وزن هزار دانه، شاخص برداشت و وزن دانه در کپسول تحت تاثیر تیمارهای مورد آزمایش قرار نگرفتند. بنابراین، تراکم 40 بوته در متر مربع با اعمال کود گاوی مناسب ترین الگوی کاشت در این آزمایش بدست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of application of chemical and organic fertilizers on yield and yield components of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in different plant densities

نویسندگان [English]

  • Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam
  • Ali Asghar Mohammad Abadi
  • Rooh Allah Moradi
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to understand the effect of plant density and different fertilizers on sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) production, an experiment was conducted as a factorial arrangement based on completely randomized block design with three replications. The experimental treatments were fertilizers in four levels (cow manure
(30 t.ha-1), municipal compost (30 t.ha-1), chemical fertilizer (250 kg ammonium phosphate + 100 kg urea) and control (no-fertilizer)) and plant density in four levels (20, 30, 40 and 50 plant.m-2). The results showed that all treatments increased the plant height, number of capsule per plant, plant biomass, seed yield, seed weight and number of seed per plant compared to control, significantly. The highest amount of the traits was obtained in manure treatment. The seed yield was increased by increasing plant density, but decreased the plant height, number of capsule per plant, plant biomass, seed yield and weight and number of seed per plant, significantly. 1000-seed weight, harvest index and weight of seed per capsule had no affected by treatments. Our result indicated that the density of 40 plant.m-2 among using manure was the most appropriate of cropping pattern in our experiment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ammonium phosphate
  • Cow manure
  • Municipal compost
  • Oil crop
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