تأثیر کاربرد کودهای اسید فولویک و اسید آمینه بر ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیکی، رشدی و عملکرد گشنیز (Coriandrum sativum L.)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

گیاه دارویی گشنیز(Coriandrum sativum L.)  یکی از منابع بسیار ارزشمند در گستره وسیع منابع طبیعی ایران است که در صورت شناخت صحیح می‌تواند نقش مهمی در اشتغال‌زایی و صادرات غیرنفتی داشته باشد. در نظام کشاورزی پایدار، مصرف نهاده‌های آلی و زیستی به‌منظور دستیابی به افزایش کیفیت محصول، حفظ محیط زیست و سلامت جامعه از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار می‌باشد. لذا به‌منظور بررسی اثرات اسید فولویک و اسید آمینه بر صفات رویشی و زایشی گشنیز، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی اجرا شد. فاکتورها شامل اسید فولویک در سه سطح (صفر، 5 و 10 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و محلول‌پاشی اسید آمینه در دو سطح (صفر و سه در هزار) با سه تکرار بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اسید فولویک اثر معنی‏داری بر صفات رویشی (ارتفاع، وزن تر و خشک بوته، تعداد شاخه فرعی، تعداد برگ و وزن خشک برگ) داشت، به‏طوری‌که بیشترین وزن تر و خشک بوته (به‌ترتیب، 9/49 و 3/7 گرم در بوته) در نتیجه اعمال تیمار 10 کیلوگرم در هکتار اسید فولویک به‌دست آمد، همچنین نتایج، نشان‌دهنده تأثیر معنی‏دار اسید فولویک بر صفات زایشی (عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بوته، شاخص برداشت و تعداد بذر) بود، به‌طوری‌که بالاترین عملکرد دانه (5/942 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در سطح 10 کیلوگرم در هکتار اسید فولویک تولید شد و کمترین مقدار (0/710 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در شاهد مشاهده شد. اسید آمینه نیز بر صفات رویشی (تعداد برگ و وزن تر و خشک برگ) و صفات زایشی (عملکرد دانه، تعداد بذر و وزن هزاردانه) تأثیرگذار بود، به‌طوری‌که بیشترین تعداد برگ (0/27 تعداد در بوته) و عملکرد دانه (3/873 کیلوگرم در هکتار) با کاربرد سه در هزار اسید آمینه حاصل شد. نتایج اثرات متقابل نیز نشان داد، که سطوح مختلف اسید فولویک و اسید آمینه تأثیر معنی‏داری بر صفات (عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بوته، تعداد بذر در بوته و وزن هزار دانه) داشتند، به‌طوری‌که بیشترین میزان عملکرد دانه و تعداد بذر در بوته ( به‌ترتیب با 0/985 کیلوگرم در هکتار و 6/204 تعداد در بوته) از تیمار پنج کیلوگرم اسید فولویک و سه در هزار اسید آمینه به‌دست آمدند. بر اساس این نتایج، می‌توان تیمار پنج کیلوگرم در هکتار اسید فولویک و سه در هزار اسید آمینه را در افزایش ویژگی‏های عملکردی و رشدی گشنیز در این آزمایش مؤثر دانست.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Fulvic Acid and Amino Acid Application on Physiological Characteristics, Growth and Yield of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) as a Medicinal Plant

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad hossein Aminifard
  • Mozhgan Gholami
  • Hassan bayat
  • Farid Moradinezhad
Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Medicinal plants are one of the main natural resources of Iran from ancient times. Coriander medicinal plant is one of the most valuable resources in the vast range of Iranian natural resources which, if properly managed, can play an important role in non-oil production and export. Management and environmental factors such as nutritional management has a significant impact on the quantity and quality of plants. Application of organic fertilizers in conventional farming systems is not common and most of the need for food plants supply through chemical fertilizers for short period. The use of bio-fertilizers and organic matter are taken into consideration to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and increase the quality of most crops. The use of organic and biological fertilizers in the production of medicinal plants in a sustainable agricultural system is important in order to achieve product quality environmental protection and community health. Stability and soil fertility through the use of organic fertilizers are important due to having most of the elements required by plants and beneficial effects on physical, chemical, biological and soil fertility. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of amino acid and fulvic acid on vegetative, reproduction characteristics and yield of coriander.
Materials and Methods
In this study, the effects of applications of fulvic acid and amino acid on yield and growth characteristics of coriander were evaluated under field conditions. Treatments were two levels of amino acid (0 and 3 per thousand) and three levels of fulvic acid (0, 5 and 10 kg.ha-1). The experiment was designed as factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research station of Faculty of Agriculture University of Birjand during growing season of 2017. The measured indices including vegetative characteristics (height plant, branches number, plant weight, leaf weight, leaf number) and reproductive characteristics (grain yield, 1000- seed weight, seed number, yield biological and harvest index). Finally, the experimental data were statistically analyzed using SAS ver. 9.2 and means were separated Duncan’s multiple test at 5% probability level of probability.
Results and Discussion
The results showed that fulvic acid had a significant effect on vegetative characteristics (height plant, fresh and dry weight of plant, branches number, leaf number and leaf dry weight), so that the highest fresh  and dry weight (49.9 and 7.3 g, respectively) were obtained  with application of 10 kg.ha-1 of fulvic acid. Also, the results showed a significant effect of fulvic acid on reproductive characteristics (seed yield, biological yield, harvest index and seed number), so that the highest seed yield (942.5 kg.ha-1) was obtained at 10 kg.ha-1 fulvic acid, and the lowest of seed yield was observed (710.0 kg.ha-1) in the control treatment. Amino acid also affected vegetative characteristics (leaf number and leaf weight), and reproductive characteristics (grain yield, seed number and 1000- seed weight), so that the highest number of leaf (27.0 per plant) and grain yield (873.3 kg.ha-1) were obtained with the application of 3 per thousand amino acids. Interaction effects showed that different levels of fulvic acid and amino acids had a significant effect on reproductive performance (grain yield, biological yield, seed number and 1000-seed weight). The highest grain yield and seed number (985.0 kg.ha-1 and 204.6. per plant, respectively) were obtained at 5 kg.ha-1 fulvic acid and 3 per thousand amino acid.
 Conclusion
The results of this study showed that fulvic acid and amino acid had significant effect on yield and growth characteristics of coriander. Thus, results showed that fulvic acid (5 kg.ha-1) and amino acids (3 per thousand) had strong impact on yield and growth characteristics of coriander under field conditions.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • growth
  • Biological yield
  • seed number
  • Harvest index
  • Medicinal plant
Armin, M., and Moslehi, J., 2012. Response of yield and yield components of chickpea to time and amount of humic acid. Journal of Modern Sciences of Sustainable Agriculture 4:1-9. (In Persian with English Summary)
Ahmadian, A., Ghanbari, A., and Galavi, M., 1998. Consideration of the effect of cow manure on yield, yield components and quality of medicinal plant cumin. (Cuminum cyminum L.). 2nd Conference of Medicinal Plants, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
Aghhavani Shajari, M., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Ghorbani, R., and Nassiri Mahallati, M., 2014. Evaluation of the effects of organic, biological and chemical fertilizers on vegetative indices and essential oil content of coriander. Journal of Agricultural Ecology 6(3): 425-443. (In Persian with English Summary)
Atiyeh, R.M., Lee, S.S., Edwards, C.A., Arancon, N.Q., and Metzger, J., 2002. The influence of humic acid derived from earthworm processed organic waste on plant growth. Bioresource Technology 8: 7-14.
Ayas, H., and Gulser, F., 2005. The effect of sulfur and humic acid on yield components and macronutrie contents of spinach. Journal of Biological Sciences 5(6): 801-804.
Azizi, M., Baghbani, M., Lakzyan, A., and Arooee, H., 2007. Effect of different doses of vermicompost and dilatory wash sprayed on morphological characteristics and the amount of active substance basil. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 2: 41-52. (In Persian with English Summary)
Berti, W.R., and Jacobs, I.W., 1996. Chemistry and phytotoxicity of soil trace elements from repeated sewage sludge application. Journal of Environmental Quality 25: 1025-1032.
Bhatia, I.S., and Bajaj, K.L., 1972. Tannins in black-plum (Syzygium cumini L.) seeds. Biochem Journal 128: 56-60.
Boyerie de Sheikh, A., Mahmoudi Surstani, M., Zolfaghari, M., and Ghiasi Zamir, N., 2016. Effect of growth stimulating bacteria, fertilizer and humic acid on basal morphophysiological traits. Knowlge Sustainable Production and Consumption 4: 129-142. (In Persian with English Summary)
Cao, J.X., Peng, Z.P., Huang, J.C., Yu, J.H., Li, W.N., Yang, L.X., and Lin, Z.J., 2010. Effect of foliar application of amino acid on yield and quality of flowering Chinese cabbage. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 26: 162-165.
Cerdna, M., Snchez Snchez, A., Oliver, M., Juarez, M., and Snchez Andreu, J.J., 2009. Effect of foliar and root applications of amino acids on iron uptake by tomato plants. Acta Horticulturae 830: 481-488.
Chen, Y., Clapp, C.E., and Magen, H., 2004. Mechanisms of plant growth stimulation by humic substances. The role of organo iron complexes. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 50(7): 1089-1095.
Fallahi, H.R., Aminifard, M.H., and Jorkesh, A., 2018. Effects of thiamine spraying on biochemical and morphological traits of basil plants under greenhouse conditions. Journal of Horticulture and Postharvest Research 1(1): 27-36.
Fatemi, H., Ameri, A., Amini Fard, M.H., and Honey, H., 2011. Effect of humic acid on essences and vegetative properties of basil. The First National Conference on Modern Topics in Agriculture. Saveh, Islamic Republic of Iran Islamic Azad University, Iran. pp. 43-53. (In Persian)
Faten, S.A., Shaheen, A.M., Ahmed, A.A., and Mahmoud, A.R., 2010. Effect of foliar application of amino acids as antioxidants on growth, yield and characteristics of Squash. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological 6(5): 583-588.
Ghazi Manas, M., Banj Shafiee, S., Haj Seyed Hadi, M.R., and Darzi, M.T., 2013. Effects of vermicompost and nitrogen on quantitative and qualitative yeild of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 29(2): 269-280. (In Persian with English Summary)
Gulser, F., Sonmez, F., and Boysan, S., 2010. Effects of calcium nitrate and humic acid on pepper seedling growth under saline condition. Journal of Environmental Biology 31(5): 873-879.
Haj Seyyed Hadi, M., and Dorzi Alaviyeh, Z., 2010. The effect of amino acid foliar application and application of different vermicompost means on morphological traits and chamomile flower performance. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 5(23): 5611-5617. (In Persian with English Summary)
Hussein, M.E., Abou El Hassan, S., and Shahein, M.M., 2015. Effect of humic, fulvic acid and calcium foliar application on growth and yield of tomato plants. International Journal of Biological Sciences 7(1): 132-140.
Hye Young, S., Kil Sun, Y., and Sang Gon, S., 2014. Effect of foliar application of fulvic acid on plant growth and fruit quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 55(6): 455-461.
Jahan, M., Ghalaa Nawi, S., Khamoushi, A., and Amiri, M., 2015. Investigation of agro-ecological characteristics of basil under the influence of superabsorbent application of moisture, acidification and irrigation periods. Journal of Horticultural Research 2: 242-254. (In Persian with English Summary)
Jalota, S., Sood, A., Vitale, J., and Srinivasan, R., 2007. Simulated crop yields response to irrigation water and economic analysis. Journal of Agrobiology 99(4): 1073-1084.
Javanmardi, J., 2010. Organic Cultivars of Vegetables. University of Mashhad Press, Iran. 349p. (In Persian)
Jones, C.A., Jacobsen, J.S., and Mugaas, A., 2004. Effect of humic acid phosphorus availability and spring wheat yield. Facts Fertilizer 32: 345-352
Khalesro, S., and Malekian, H., 2016. Evaluation of application of vermicompost and humic acid on morphological traits, yield, amount and composition of essential oils in organic culture of Zanjan (Trachyspermum ammi L.). Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plant 32(6): 968-980. (In Persian with English Summary)
Khan, A., Guramni, A.R., Khan, M.Z., Hussain, F., Akhtar, M.E., and Khan, S., 2012. Effect of humic acid on growth, yield, nutrient composition, photosynthetic pigment and total sugar contents of peas (Pisum sativum L.). Journal of Chemical Society Pakistan 6: 56-63.
Khattab, M., Shehata, A., Abou El- Saadate, E., and Al-Hasni1, K., 2016. Effect of glycine, methionine and tryptophan on the vegetative growth, floweringand corms production of gladiolus plant. Journal Sience of Exchange 4: 37-48.
Kızılkaya, R., 2008. Yield response and nitrogen concentrations of springwheat (Triticum aestivum) inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum strains. Ecolgy Journal 33: 150–156.
Koocheki, A., 2008. Book of New Farming. Mashhad University Press, Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian)
Levitt, J., 1980. Response of plants to environmental stresses. Academic Press, New York, USA.
Li, K.R., Wang, H.H., Han, G., Wang, Q.J., and Fan, J., 2007. Effects of brassinolide on the survival, growth and drought resistance of robiniapseudoacacia seedlings under water- tress. New Forests 27: 158-161.
Liu, X.Q., Ko, K.Y., Kim, S.H., and Lee, K.S., 2008. Effect of amino acid fertilization on nitrate assimilation of leafy radish and soil chemical properties in high nitrate soil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 39: 269-281.
Minaee, P., Haj Seyed Hadi, M.R., Darzi, M.T., and Shahsavar, A.M., 2013. Effects of nitrogen fixing bacteria and amino acids spraying on yield and yield components of mungbean (Vigna radiata). Annual Research in Biology 4(8): 265-269.
Moradi, R., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Nassiri Mahallati, M., and Lakzian, A., 2007. The effect of application of organic and biological fertilizers on yield, yield components and essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 7(2): 625-635. (In Persian with English Summary)
Nardi, S., Pizzeghello, D., Muscolo, A., and Vianello, A., 2002. Physiological effects of humic substances on higher plants. Soil Biology 34: 1527-1536.
Najafi, M., 2016. The effect of humic acid and fulvic acid and amino acid as irrigation on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of super damens cucumber under drought stress. Masters Degree School of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)
Natesan, R., Kandasamy, S., Thiyageshwari, S., and Boopathy, P.M., 2007. Influence of lignite humic acid on the micronutrient availability and yield of blackgram in an alfisol. The Scientific World Journal 7: 1198-1206.
Noorzad, S., Ahmadian, A., and Danzfar, A., 2014. Effect of drought stress on yield, yield components and essential oil of coriander treated with organic and inorganic fertilizers. Journal of Crops Iimprovement 16(2): 289-302. (In Persian with English Summary)
Omidbaigi, R., 2000. Approaches to the Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants. Tehran Publications, Iran. Vol. II, pp. 80-82. (In Persian)
Osman, H.S., and Salim, B.B.M., 2016. Influence of exogenous application of some phytoprotectants on growth, yield and pod quality of snap bean under NaCl salinity. Advances in Applied Science Research 61(1): 1-13.
Raeisi, M., Farahani, L., and Palashi, M., 2014. Changes of qualitative and quantitative properties of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) under foliar spraying through amino acid. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 4(1): 463-46.
Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Aminghafori, A., Bakhshaie, S., and Jafari, L., 2013. The effect of organic and biofertilizers on some quantitative characteristics and essential oil content of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.). Journal of Agroecology 5(2): 105-112. (In Persian with English Summary)
Rozbahani, A., Ghorbani, P., Mirzaie, M., and Aroijnia, S., 2013. Study of the effect of humic acid and fluvic acid on yield and yield components of barley. Journal of Plant Molecular Breeding 9(2): 25-33. (In Persian with English Summary)
Saburi, M., Haj Seyed Hadi, M.R., and Darzi, M.T., 2014. Effects of amino acids and nitrogen fixing bacteria on quantitative yield and essential oil content of basil (Ocimum basilicum). Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development 3(8): 265-268. (In Persian with English Summary)
Samavat, S., and Malakooti, M., 2005. The necessity of using organic acids to increase the quality and quantity of agricultural products. Technical Journal 463: 1-15. (In Persian with English Summary)
Salehi, B., Bagherzadeh, A.S., and Ghasemi, M., 2010. Effect of humic acid on growth, yield and yield components of three tomato cultivars (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). Journal of Global Agriculture and Ecology 2(4): 640-647. (In Persian with English Summary)
Saikia, P., Devdutt Chaturvedi, D., Goswami, A., and Rao, P., 2010. Artemisinin and its derivatives: a novel class of anti-malarial and anti-cancer agents. Chemical Society Reviews 26: 15-24.
Schnitzer, M., 1977. Recent undings of the characterization of humic substances extracted from soils from widely diuering climatic zones. Northeast Organic Farming Association 34: 117-131.
Sohrabi Renani, M., 2013. Effect of organic, biological and chemical fertilizer on yield, grain yield comonents and oil content of black currant (Nigella sativa L.). Masters Degree School of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)
Sokhangoy, S.H., Ansari, K.H., and Eradatmand, D., 2012. Effect of biofertilizers on performance of dill (Anethum graveolens L.). Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology 4(2): 547-552. (In Persian with English Summary)
Stephen, O.D., 2005. Taking stock of herbicide-resistant crops ten years after introduction. Pest Management Science 61: 211–218.
Tahir, M.M., Khurshid, M., Khan, M.Z., Abbasi, M.K., and Kazmi, H.M., 2011. Lignitederived humic acid effect on growth of wheat plants in different soils. Pedosphere 21: 124-131.
Thamei Zarandi, M., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., and Jahan, M., 2010. Comparison of the effect of organic and chemical fertilizer on yield of assential oil of basil herb (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Agroecology 2(1): 70-82. (In Persian with English Summary)
Thomas, J., Mandal, A.K.A., Kumar, R., and Chordia, A., 2009. Role of biologically active amino acid formulations on quality and crop productivity of Tea (Camellia sp.). International Journal of Agricultural Research 4: 228–236.
Yassen, A.A., Mazher, A.A.M., and Zaghloul, S.M., 2013. Response of anis plants to nitrogen fertilizers and foliar spray of tryptophan under agricultural drainage water. Science Journal 3(9): 120-127.
Younesian, A., 2011. Review of nutritional management in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) cultures. M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Agro-Agnostics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)
Yildirim, E.M., and Unay, A., 2011. Effects of different fertilizations on Liriomyza trifolii in tomato. African Journal of Agricultural Research 6(17): 4104-4107.
CAPTCHA Image