تأثیر زئولیت، میکوریزا و سوپرجاذب بر رشد و استقراراولیه گیاه مرتعی دارویی بومادران (Achillea millefolium L.) در خاک‌های آلوده به فلزات سنگین معادن متروکه سیمان (مطالعه موردی: کارخانه سیمان شرق مشهد)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مدیریت مرتع، دانشکده مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 گـروه مرتـع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

3 گروه زراعت و اصلاح و نباتات، دانشـکده کشـاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

امروزه معدن‌کاوی‌ها تا مساحت زیادی موجب تخریب مراتع می‌گردد، برای عبور از این بحران، نیاز فراوانی به احیاء اراضی تخریب یافته به وسیله استقرار گیاهان در مناطق معدن‌کاوی شده احساس می‌شود. روش‌های جدید اصلاح مراتع مبتنی بر استفاده از رهیافت‌های زیستی و غیرزیستی (زئولیت، سوپرجاذب و میکوریزا) می‌تواند به استقرار گیاهان در این مناطق کمک کند. این تحقیق با هدف بررسی امکان افزایش استقراراولیه و رشد گیاه مرتعی دارویی بومادران (L. (Achillea millefoliumدر اراضی معدن‌کاوی شده آلوده به فلزات سنگین، ابتدا نشاء‌های کشت شده در گلخانه با میکوریزا (Glomus intraradices) زئولیت و سوپرجاذب تلقیح و سپس در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در منطقه نیمه خشک اراضی معدن‌کاوی کارخانه سیمان شرق مشهد در سال 95- 1394 کشت شد. گیاهان فقط یک‌بار در زمان کشت آبیاری شدند. در این تحقیق درصد استقرار، ارتفاع گیاهان کاشته شده، درصد کلونیزاسیون میکوریزا با ریشه گیاه بومادران در اراضی و برخی از خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی از جمله وزن خشک اندام‌هوایی، وزن خشک ریشه و وزن خشک کل گیاه اندازه‌گیری شد. تیمارهای میکوریزا، زئولیت و سوپرجاذب موجب افزایش استقرار اولیه گیاهان (به‌ترتیب 50 ، 33 و 11 درصد) افزایش ارتفاع (3/14، 3/12 و 3/6 سانتی‌متر)، افزایش وزن خشک اندام هوایی (73/0، 57/0 و 5/0 گرم)، افزایش وزن خشک ریشه (26/0، 15/0 و 14/0 گرم) و وزن خشک کل گیاه (1، 73/0 و 64/0 گرم) نسبت به شاهد شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تیمارهای میکوریزا، زئولیت و سوپرجاذب به‌ترتیب بیشترین تأثیر را بر ‌افزایش استقرار اولیه و بهبود خصوصیات رشدی گیاه بومادران داشتند و می‌توان جهت استقرار اولیه گیاهان در اراضی آلوده به فلزات سنگین منطقه معدن‌کاوی شده کارخانه سیمان شرق مشهد در منطقه نیمه‌خشک واقع شده‌اند پیشنهاد کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Mycorrhiza, Zeolite and Superabsorbent on Growth and Initial Establishment of Medicinal Rangeland Species of Achillea millefolium L. in Abandoned Cement Mines Soils (Case Study: Mashhad′ Shargh Cement Factory, Iran)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reyhaneh Azimi 1
  • Gholam Ali Heshmati 1
  • Mohammad Farzam 2
  • Morteza Goldani 3
1 Rangeland Department, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Today, mining led to severe degradation of natural and agricultural lands in a relatively large scale. Establishment of vegetation cover around the mining areas is a practical and enviromental sound strategy. However due to poor soil condition and presere of heavy metals this process is risky and establishment of plant cover is not an easy task. Achillea millefolium L. is one of the important species that is used as rangeland and medicinal plant and also as ornamental and cover plant. However, technical issues such as soil amendments type of plant and method of planting need to be considered for a successful establishment. Some soil amendments materials are zeolite, superabsorbent or hydrogel and also mycorrhiza. However initial establishment of proper plant species under field condition is required for feasibility of such studies. The purpose of the present study was to investigate suitability of Achillea millefolium L. for reclamation of contaminated soils around abandoned mines of Mashhad′ Shargh Cement Factory with inclusion of soil amendents.
Materials and Methods
The effect of mycorrhiza (Glomus intraradices), superabsorbent (A200) and zeolite (Clinoptilolite) on the establishment and production of Achillea millefolium L. species in soils of abondened mines (Mashhad′ Shargh Cement Factory) was studied in 2015-2017. The experiment was based on a randomized complete block design with four replications consisting of four treatment (a plant species, mycorrhiza, zeolite and superabsorbent) criteria such as establishment percent, plant height, mycorrhizal colonization on roots, aerial and root dry weight and total dry matter was measured. Method of Giovannetti was used for colonization measurement of roots. The experimental data were categorized using the Excel database software and the charts were drawn. Analysis of variance was carried out by SPSS18 and Minitab16.
Results and Discussion
Analysis of variance showed that zeolite, mycorrhiza and superabsorbent had significant effects on total dry weight, plant height, aerial and root dry weight of Achillea millefolium L. and also on establishment percent of the plant. Use of Mycorrhiza, zeolite and absorbent increased plant establishment by 50, 33 and 11 percent respectively. Zeolite and mycorrhiza increased plant height, aerial and root dry weight and also total dry weight compared with superabsorbent and control. When compared with the control zeolites, mycorrhiza and superabsorbent increased plant height by 14.3, 12.3 and 6.3 cm, dry aerial weight by 0.73, 0.57 and 0.5 g, dry root weight by 0.26, 0.15 and 0.14 gand total dry weight by 1, 0.73 and 0.64 g, respectively. Using suitable mycorrhizal fungi as an inoculum material in contaminated areas with heavy metals can reduce the effects of these toxic metals. Using suitable mycorrhizae fungi as an inoculum material in contaminated areas with heavy metals can reduce the effects of these toxic metals. In a study that was carried out in Germany, natural zeolite was used to remove heavy metals from mine water. Zeolite in reducing iron, lead was more effective than cadmium and zinc.
Conclusions
According to the obtained results, the use of effective and affordable G. intraradices mycorrhiza and zeolite fertilizers as bio-fertilizers to increase yield and initial establishment Achillea millefolium L. plant and vegetation recovery of lands contaminated with heavy metals in mining area of Mashhad Shargh cement factory is recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Field
  • Mycorrhiza
  • Rangelands
  • Seedling transplantation
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