بررسی اثرات پرایمینگ و تنش کم‌آبی بر رشد و عملکرد آفتابگردان آجیلی (Helianthus annuus L.)

صادقی بختوری, امیر رضا; پاسبان اسلام, بهمن; حاجی زاده اصل, نسترن

doi:10.22067/jag.v10i3.58044

بررسی اثرات پرایمینگ و تنش کم‌آبی بر رشد و عملکرد آفتابگردان آجیلی (Helianthus annuus L.)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان

² مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، آذربایجان شرقی

³ شهید مدنی آذربایجان

10.22067/jag.v10i3.58044

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر پرایمینگ و تنش کم‌آبی بر رشد و عملکرد آفتابگردان آجیلی (Helianthus annuus L.) آزمایشی در دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در تابستان 1393 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل فاکتور پرایمینگ در چهار سطح (آب با نیتروکسین، آب با اکسین، آب مقطر (شاهد) و بدون پرایمینگ) و فاکتور تنش کم‌آبی در سه مرحله (ساقه رفتن، پر شدن دانه و شاهد (بدون تنش در کل دوره رشد)) بودند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که تمامی صفات مورد بررسی تحت تأثیر اثرات اصلی پرایمینگ و تنش کم‌آبی قرار گرفتند. پیش تیمار کردن بذرها سبب افزایش معنیداری در سرعت رشد مطلق بوته و طبق، قطر طبق، تعداد دانه در طبق، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه و نسبت مغز دانه به کل دانه و کاهش درصد دانههای پوک در طبق شد. اما تنش کم‌آبی باعث کاهش تمامی صفات، به‌جز درصد دانههای پوک گردید. تنش کم‌آبی در مرحله پر شدن دانه باعث بیشترین کاهش عملکرد دانه در بوته در واحد سطح گردید. بیشترین مقدار عملکرد دانه در پرایمینگ آب با نیتروکسین به دست آمد. نتایج کلی این تحقیق، بیانگر این بود که پرایمینگ کردن بذور باعث کاهش اثرات سوء تنش کم‌آبی از طریق تحریک رشد و تقسیم سلولی و افزایش بنیه اولیه گیاهچه شده و همچنین میتواند در افزایش اجزای عملکرد و عملکرد آفتابگردان آجیلی عاملی مؤثر برای دستیابی به کشاورزی پایدار باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.20087713.1397.10.3.10.2

عنوان مقاله [English]

Studying of Seed Priming and Water Stress Effects on Growth and Yield of Sunflower Nuts (Helianthus annuus L)

نویسندگان [English]

amir reza sadeghi bakhtoori ¹
Bahman Paseban Eslam ²
Nastaran Hajizadeh Asl ³

¹ Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University

² Agriculture and Natural Resources Research center, Eastern Azarbaijan

³ Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Water stress is one of the most important environmental stresses that affect the germination, growth and yield of plants. Seed priming is a technology that positively influences seedling establishment in many crops and may improve field performance under adverse environmental conditions. Seeds can be primed using different media such as tap water (hydro-priming), low water potential solutions (osmo-priming) such as polyethylene glycol or salt solutions, solid matrix (matri-priming), and plant growth regulators (hormonal priming). Nitroauxin and auxin are the rich source of macro-nutrients, micro-nutrients, vitamins, enzymes and hormones of plant growth promoters. Therefore, the use of these media in sustainable agriculture causes the rapid growth of oil seed plants. Limited information is available about the response of sunflower under water deficiency conditions in priming, so the aim of this research was to study the growth and yield of these species under these conditions.
Materials and Methods
An experiment was conducted in 2014 at the field research station of the Faculty of Agriculture of Azerbaijan Shahid Madani University, Iran. The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design arranged in a factorial with three replications. Priming factor included (water treatment and nitro auxin, water and auxin, hydro-priming and control (without priming)) and factor water stress include (stress during stem stage, stress during grain filling stage and control (normal)).The seed priming 48h before sowing were treated with the water and nitro auxin, water and auxin and hydro-priming for 16h, after priming, seeds are air-dried back near to the original weight. Seedlings planted by hand on 2 may 2014 by density of 38000 plants ha-1 (60×30 cm). Weeds were controlled by hand during crop growth and development as required. At maturity, five plants randomly were harvested from each plot and plant growth rate, head growth rate, head diameter, No. of seed per head, 1000 seed weight, seed yield per plant and kernel to grain ratio, husk to grain ratio and percentage of unfilled seeds were recorded. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software. The means were compared using the Duncan multiple range test at p ≤0.05. Excel software was used to draw figures.
Results and Discussion
Analyses of variance of the data showed that all traits were affected by water stress and seed priming main effects. Priming of seeds increased significantly the absolute growth rate, head diameter, grain number, 1000 seeds weight, grain yield and kernel to grain ratio and husk to grain ratio was reducing the percentage of unfilled seeds per head. Water stress also reduces all traits except unfilled seeds per head, which enhances it. Water stress at the grain filling stage was causing the most reduction of grain yield per unit area.
The increase in growth and yield of sunflower with seed priming treated nitro auxin and auxin could be due to the fact that by promoting germination and providing more uptakes of phosphorus and nitrogen. Reduction in the growth and yield under water stress could be the result of a preferential allocation of biomass production to the roots or a reduction in chlorophyll content and, consequently, photosynthesis efficiency. Seed yield decreased on account of water deficit stress. Decrease in seed weight and increase in unfilled seeds were the main reasons for decreasing in seed yield. Decrease in seed yield due to decrease in yield components, especially seed weight has been reported by other researchers previously. The increase in Percentage of unfilled Seeds under water stress could be due to the fact that water stress effect on available assimilates during seed filling stage and decreases sink capacity and leads to unfilled seeds and low seed weight.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this study showed that application of seed priming play useful role in improving the growth, yield and performance components of sunflower, and also the seed priming with auxin and nitro auxin, were better than seed hydro-priming, this can be related to the chemical properties of these compounds. The results of this study indicate that pre-treatment of seeds are effective in increasing yield and yield components of sunflower seeds in order to avoid adverse effects of water stress.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Priming
Water stress
yield and growth
Sunflower

مراجع

Akbari, P., Ghalavand, A., and Modarres Sanavy, S.A.M. 2009. Effects of different nutrition systems and biofertilizer (PGPR) on penology period yield and yield components of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Journal of Science and Natural Research 2(3): 119-134. (English with Persian in Summary)

Andria, R., Chiaranda, F.Q., Magliulo, V., and Mori, M. 1995. Yeild and soil water uptake of sunflower sown in spring and summer. Agronomy Journal 87: 1122-1128.

Angadi, S.V., and Entz, M.H. 2002. Root system and water use patterns of different height sunflower cultivars. Agronomy Journal 94: 136-145.

Baldini, M.F., Cecconim, G., Vanozzi, P., and Benvenuti, A. 1998. Effect of drought on yield reduction in different sunflower hybrids. Helia 14: 71-76.

Baydar, H., and Erbas, S. 2005. Influence of seed development and seed position on oil, fatty acids and total tocopherol contents in sunflower. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 29: 179- 186.

Brown, C.L. 1977. Effect of data of final irrigation on yield components of sunflower. Agronomy Journal 54: 19-23.

Chimenti, C., Pearson, A., and Hall, J. 2002. Osmotic adjustment and yield maintenance under drought in sunflower. Field Crops Research 75: 235-246.

Choobforoush Khoei, B., Roshdi, M., Jalili, F., and Ghaffari, M. 2012. The effect of biofertilizers on the yield and yield components of sunflower nuts in the Khoy region. Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi) 103: 132-139. (In Persian with English Summary)

Daneshian, J., Ardakani, M.R., and Habibi D. 2005. Effect of drought stress on yield and quantitative characteristics of new sunflower hybrids. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Integrated Approaches to Sustain and Improve Plant Population under Drought Stress, Roma, Italy, 24-28 September, 2005. P. 406.

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 2015. Statistics: FAOSTAT agriculture. Available at Web site http://fao.org/crop/statistics.

Farooq, M., Basra, S.M.A., Warraich, E.A., and Khaliq, A. 2006. Optimization of hydro priming techniques for rice seed invigoration Seed Science. Technology 34: 529- 534.

Fereres, E., Gimenez, C., and Fernandez, J.M. 1986. Genetic variability in sunflower cultivars under drought. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 37: 573- 582.

Ghaffaripor, A. 2004. Drought effect on yield and quantitative and qualitative attributes in new sunflower hybrids. MSc. AIU. Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)

Ghassemi-Golezani, K., Sheikhzadeh-Mosaddegh, P., and Valizadeh, M. 2008. Effects of hydro priming duration and limited irrigation on field performance of chickpea. Research Journal of Seed Science 1(1): 34-40. (In Persian with English Summary)

Halaji, H. 2004. The effect of efficiency water and plant density on yield and yield components of sunflower Azargol. Master Thesis. Borojerd Azad University, Borojerd, Iran 150 pp. (In Persian)

Harris, D., Rashid, A., Hollington, P.A., Jasi, L., and Riches, C. 2002. Prospects of improving maize yields with ‘on-farm’ seed priming. Sustainable Maize Production Systems for Nepal: Proceedings of Maize Symposium held at Kathmandu, Nepal, 3–5 December, 2002, P. 180-185.

Harris, D., Rashid, A., Miraj, G., Arif, M., and Shah, H. 2007. Seed priming with zinc sulphate solution-A cost-effective way to increase the maize yields of resource-poor farmers. Field Crops Research 102: 119-127.

Jafarzadeh Knarsry, M., and Postini, K. 1998. Effect of drought stress in various stages of growth on morphological parameters and yield components of sunflower (Helianthus annus L). Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science 29(2): 353-361. (In Persian with English Summary)

Jamshidi, E., Aghaalikhani, M., and Ghalavandm, A. 2009. Effect of defoliation intensity at different reproductive stages on seed and oil yield in sunflower (Helianthus annuss L.). Iranian Journal of Crop Science 10(4): 349-361. (In Persian with English Summary)

Joshi, B., Garg, A., Rls, S., and Ap, T. 2014. The altered output of Aloe vera L. Burm. f. Crop under differential water stress conditions. Journal of Natural Remedies 4(1): 112-118.

Kalhori, J. 2002. Effect of drought stress in various stages of growth on yield and yield components of oil sunflower. Master of Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)

Khalilvand, E. 2006. Effect of drought on two sunflower (Helianthus annuss L.) hybrid yield and yield components in different density MSc. Thesis. IAU. Tabriz Branch, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)

Mazaheri laghab, H., Nouri, F., Hamid, Z.A., and Vafaei, H. 2001. Effects of supplemental irrigation on important agronomy traits of three cultivars of sunflower in dry farming. Agricultural Research 3: 33-43. (In Persian with English Summary)

Moradi, M., Madani, H., Malboubi, M.A., and Pilehvari Khomami, R. 2009. Comparison the effect of biologic fertilizer with chemical on oil sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) in Arak condition. New Findings in Agriculture 3(2): 167-177. (In Persian with English Summary)

Murungu, S., Chiduza, C., Nyamugafat, P., Clark, L.J., Whalley, W.R., and Finch-Savage, W.E. 2004. Effects of ‘on-farm seed priming’ on consecutive daily sowing occasions on the emergence and growth of maize in semi-arid Zimbabwe. Field Crops Research 89: 49-57.

Najafi, S., Taheri, G., and Jafarnejad, A. 2010. Evaluation of the effect of seed priming on the characteristics of Maize (Zea mayz L.). Var. 704. The International Congress of Water, Soil, Plant and Agricultural Mechanization Science. Islamic Azad University of Dezful, Iran. 2-3 March. (In Persian)

Nonami, H., Tanimoto, K., Tabuchi, A., Fukwjama, T., and Hashimoto, Y. 1995. Salt stress under hydroponic conditions causes changes in cell wall extension during growth. Seed Science Research 396: 91-98.

Pal, U.S., Patra, R.K., Sahoo, N.R., Bakhara, C.K., and Panda, M.K. 2015. Effect of refining on quality and composition of sunflower oil. Journal of Food Science and Technology 52(7): 4613-4618.

Paseban Eslam, B. 2015. Effects of planting date on grain yield, yield components and oil content of safflower spring cultivars in Tabriz. Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science 25(2): 155-164. (In Persian with English Summary)

Pirasteh Anousheh, H., Imam, Y., and Jamali Ramin, F. 2010. Comparative effect of biofertilizers with chemical fertilizers on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) growth, yield and oil percentage in different drought stress levels. Journal of Agroecology 2(3): 492-501. (In Persian with English Summary)

Ramirez, I., Estay, D., Stange, C., and Cardemil, L. 2011. Superoxide dismutase is a critical enzyme to alleviate oxidative stress in Aloe vera (L.) Burm. Plants subjected to water deficit. Plant Ecology and Diversity 5(2): 183-195.

Razi, H., and Assad, M.T. 1998. Evaluating variability of important agronomic traits and drought tolerant criteria in sunflower cultivars. JWSS-Isfahan University of Technology 2 (1): 31-44. (In Persian with English Summary)

Sajadi Nik, R., Yadavi, A., Balouchi, H.R., and Farajee, H. 2011. Effect of chemical (Urea), organic (Vermicompost) and biological (Nitroxin) fertilizers on quantity and quality yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science 21 (2):87-101. (In Persian with English Summary)

Seiler, G.J., Qi, L.L., and Marek, L.F., 2017. Utilization of sunflower crop wild relatives for cultivated sunflower improvement. Crop Science 57: 1-19.

Seyahjani, E.A., Farhvash, F., Khorshidi Benam, M.B., and Sadeghi, A. 2010. Studying the effect of drought stress on yield and yield components of three sunflower cultivars. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences 3(1): 59-68.

Soleymani, F., Ahmadvand, G., and Safari Sanjani, A.A. 2016. The Effect of chemical, biological and organic nutritional treatments on sunflowers yield and yield components under the influence of water deficit stress. Journal of Agroecology 8(1): 107-119. (In Persian with English Summary)

Sharifi, Z., and Hagh Nia, G.H. 2008. Effect of nitroxin biofertilizer application on grain yield and yield components of wheat (cv. Sabalan). In 2nd National Conference on Agro Ecology in Iran, 17th-18th October, Gorgan, Iran, p. 123. (In Persian)

Shehata, M.M., and EL-Khawas, S.A. 2003. Effect of two bio fertilizers on growth parameters, yield characters, nitrogenous components, nucleic acids content, minerals, oil content, protein profiles and DNA banding pattern of sunflower yield. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 6(14): 1257-1268.

Sinaki, J.M., Heravan, E.M., Shirani, Rad, A.H., Noormohammadi, G., and Zarei, G. 2007. The effects of water deficit during growth stages of canola (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences 2(4): 417-422.

Sogut, T. 2006. Rhizobium inoculation improves yield and nitrogen accumulation in soybean (Glycine max L.)

cultivars better than fertilizer. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 34: 115-120.

Vilalobos, F.J., Hall, A.J., Ritchie, J.T., and Orgaz, F. 1996. Oil crop–Sun. A development, growth, and yield model of the sunflower crop. Agronomy Journal 88: 403-415.

Xu, Y. 2016. Envirotyping for deciphering environmental impacts on crop plants. TAG. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Theoretische Und Angewandte Genetik 129: 653-673.