بررسی چرخه درازمدت کربن و میزان ترسیب آن در سیستم کشاورزی ایران: I- تولید خالص اولیه و ورودی سالانه کربن برای محصولات زراعی مختلف

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح و نباتات، دانشـکده کشـاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران

2 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

3 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی بردسیر، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، ایران

چکیده

برآورد میزان ورودی کربن به عنوان یکی از مهمترین فاکتورهای تعیین کننده برای تخمین میزان تغییرات کربن خاک و همچنین پتانسیل ترسیب کربن می‏باشد. به منظور بررسی میزان تولید اولیه و همچنین کربن ورودی به خاک در سیستم‏های کشاورزی ایران، اطلاعات مربوط به عملکرد، سطح زیر کشت، شاخص برداشت و همچنین نسبت اندام هوایی به زیرزمینی در محصولات زراعی مختلف کشور شامل: گندم (Triticum aestivum L.)، جو (Hordeum vulgare L.)، ذرت (Zea mays L.)، پنبه (Gossypium hirsutum L.)، برنج (Oryza sativa L.)، یونجه (Medicago sativa L.) و نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) برای استان‏های مختلف جمع آوری گردید. سپس میزان کربن اختصاص یافته به اندام‏های مختلف گیاهی با توجه به ضرایب تسهیم کربن برآورد گردید و در نهایت میزان تولید خالص اولیه بر اساس کربن (NPPc) محاسبه گردید. کسری از NPPc که به صورت سالانه به خاک برگردانده می‏شود، به عنوان ورودی سالانه کربن به خاک در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین مقدار NPPC برای گندم، جو و یونجه در اقلیم مرطوب خزری، برای برنج، نخود و پنبه در اقلیم گرم و مرطوب جنوبی و برای ذرت در اقلیم گرم و خشک حاصل شد. در تمامی مناطق کشور، گیاه نخود کمترین تاثیر را در میزان NPPC و در نتیجه ترسیب کربن به خود اختصاص داد. بیشترین میزان ورودی کربن در واحد سطح در بین گیاهان مورد مطالعه و مناطق مختلف در منطقه خزری و برای گیاه یونجه و کمترین ورودی کربن مربوط به گیاه نخود در منطقه سرد کوهستانی بود. کمترین خلاء بین میزان واقعی و پتانسیل ترسیب کربن در گیاه یونجه مشاهده شد، در حالیکه گندم، برنج و پنبه بیشترین خلاء را به ترتیب با مقادیر 4/0، 38/0 و 37/0 نشان دادند که بیانگر امکان افزایش قابلیت ترسیب کربن از طریق این گیاهان می‏باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Long term estimation of carbon dynamic and sequestration for Iranian agro-ecosystem: I- Net primary productivity and annual carbon input for common agricultural crops

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdi Nasiri Mahalati 1
  • Alireza Koocheki 1
  • Hamed Mansoori 1
  • Roohollah Moradi 2 3
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran|Department of Agronomy, Agricultural Faculty of Bardsir, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran
3 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran|Department of Agronomy, Agricultural Faculty of Bardsir, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran
چکیده [English]

Evaluation of carbon input is one of the most important factors for estimating soil carbon changes and potential for carbon sequestration. To evaluate the net primary productivity (NPP) and soil carbon input in agricultural eco-systems of Iran, data for yield, cultivated area, harvest index (HI) and shoot /root ratio in different crops including: wheat, barley, maize, cotton, rice, alfalfa and chickpea were obtained for different provinces. Then, allocated carbon to different organs of plant were calculated based on carbon allocation coefficients and finally, the net primary productivity based on carbon (NPPc) was calculated. The ratio of NPPc that was annually returned to soil was considered as carbon annual input. The results showed that the maximum amount of NPPc for wheat, barely and alfalfa were obtained in Khazari climate for rice, chickpea and cotton was achieved in warm-wet climate and for maize was gained in warm-dry climate. In all regions of Iran, chickpea had the lowest effect on NPPc and consequently on carbon sequestration. The highest amount of carbon input per unit area among studied crops and different regions were observed in Khazari region for alfalfa whereas, the lowest carbon input per unit area was relation to chickpea in cold region. The lowest gap between actual and potential of carbon sequestration was observed in alfalfa whereas wheat, rice and cotton showed the most gap by 0.4, 0.38 and 0.37, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • carbon allocation
  • Carbon sequestration
  • Gap yield
  • Potential

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 30 فروردین 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 30 فروردین 1394
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 30 فروردین 1394

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