تأثیر ورمی کمپوست و کود بیولوژیک نیتروکسین بر کمیت و کیفیت اسانس گیاه دارویی بادرشبی (Dracocephalum moldavica L.)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رودهن، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر ورمی‌کمپوست و کود بیولوژیک نیتروکسین بر کمیت و کیفیت اسانس گیاه دارویی بادرشبی (Dracocephalum moldavica L.)، شامل میزان اسانس و درصد ژرانیال، ژرانیل استات، نرال، ژرانیول و نریل استات در اسانس، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل دو عاملی شامل ورمی‌کمپوست (صفر، پنج و 10 تن در هکتار) و کود بیولوژیک نیتروکسین (تلقیح و عدم تلقیح با بذر) در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی شرکت کشاورزی ران در شهرستان فیروزکوه در سال 1392 انجام گرفت. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد که بیشترین میزان اسانس (128/0 درصد) در مصرف پنج تن ورمی‌کمپوست و بیشترین درصد ژرانیل استات در اسانس (02/31 درصد) با مصرف 10 تن ورمی‌کمپوست حاصل گردید. کود بیولوژیک نیتروکسین دارای تأثیر معنی داری فقط بر روی درصد ژرانیل استات در اسانس بود، به طوری که بیشترین درصد ژرانیل استات در اسانس (40/30 درصد) در تیمار مصرف نیتروکسین (تلقیح با بذر) به دست آمد. همچنین اثرات متقابل در بین عامل‌ها بر روی میزان اسانس و درصد ژرانیل استات، ژرانیول و نریل استات در اسانس، معنی‌دار گردید به طوری که بیشترین میزان اسانس (167/0 درصد) و نریل استات در اسانس (36/2 درصد) در تیمار پنج تن ورمی‌کمپوست و عدم مصرف نیتروکسین و نیز بیشترین درصد ژرانیل استات (71/35 درصد) و کمترین درصد ژرانیول (79/4 درصد) در اسانس در تیمار 10 تن ورمی‌کمپوست و مصرف نیتروکسین حاصل گردید. طبق نتایج حاصله، بیشترین کمیت اسانس در تیمار پنج تن ورمی‌کمپوست و عدم مصرف نیتروکسین و بیشترین کیفیت اسانس در تیمار 10 تن ورمی‌کمپوست و مصرف نیتروکسین به دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Vermicompst and Nitroxin Biofertilizer on Quantity and Quality of Essential Oil of Dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hesam Sajadi Niaki
  • Mohammad Taghi Darzi
  • Mohammad Reza Haj Seyed Hadi
Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) is an annual herbaceous aromatic plant and belongs to Lamiaceae family. It is native to south of Siberia and Himalayan hillsides. The essential oil content shows great variation due to plant origin. The main constituents of dragonhead essential oil have been reported as geranial, geranyl acetate, neral and geraniol. Using organic manures and biofertilizers such as vermicompost and nitrogen fixing bacteria contain azotobacter and azospirillum has led to a decrease in the application of chemical fertilizers and has provided high quality agricultural products. Several studies have shown that organic and bio-fertilizers application such as vermicompost and Nitroxin can increase quantity and quality of essential oil of medicinal plants of dragonhead, anise and thyme (Darzi et al., 2013; Mafakheri et al., 2012; Mohammadpour Vashvaei et al., 2015). Therefore, the main objective of the present field experiment was to investigate the effects of vermicompst and Nitroxin biofertilizer on quantity and quality of essential oil of dragonhead.
Materials and methods
An experiment was conducted as afactorial experiment in the base of randomized complete blocks design with six treatments and three replications at research field of Agriculture Company of Ran in Firouzkuh of Iran in 2013. The factors were Vermicompost in three levels (0, 5 and 10 t.ha-1) and Nitroxinbiofertilizer (inoculated seeds and non-inoculated). Inoculation was carried out by immersing the dragonhead seeds in the cells suspension of 108 CFU/ml for 15 min. The required quantities of vermicompost were applied and incorporated to the top 5 cm layer of soil in the experimental beds before planting of dragonhead seeds. Each experimental plot was 3 m long and 2.28 m wide with the spacing of 10 cm between the plants and 38 cm between the rows. There was a space of one meter between the plots and 2 meters between replications. In this study, quantitative and qualitative traits of dragonhead essential oil content, granial percent, granyl acetate percent, neral percent, graniol percent and neryl acetate percent in essential oil were evaluated. For determine the essential oil content (%), about 100 g dried herb of dragonhead (dried in shadow) as sample from the each plot were selected and then were subjected to hydro-distillation (Clevenger type apparatus) for 2 till 3 hours. For identifying the essential oil components, essential oil fraction was collected and subjected to GC and GC/MS (gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) analysis. Analysis of variance by using SAS software and mean comparisons by Duncan’s multiple range test (at the 5% probability level) was done.
Results and discussion
The present resultsshow that the highest essential oil content in applying 5 t.ha-1 vermicompost and the maximum geranyl acetate in essential oil in applying 10 t.ha-1 vermicompost were obtained. Nitroxin biofertilizer showed significant effects on geranyl acetate in essential oil only, as the highest geranyl acetate were obtained by using the Nitroxin (inoculated seeds). Also, the intractions effect of factors on essential oil content, geranyl acetate, graniol and neryl acetate in essential oil were significant, as the highest essential oil content and neryl acetate percent at treatment of 5 t.ha-1 vermicompost and without application of Nitroxin and the maximum geranyl acetate and the lowest geraniol in essential oil at treatment of 10 t.ha-1 vermicompost and application of Nitroxin were obtained. According to the results of this study, the maximum essential oil quantity at treatment of 5 t.ha-1 vermicompost and without application of Nitroxin and the highest essential oil quality at treatment of 10 t.ha-1 vermicompost and application of Nitroxin were obtained.
Conclusion
Vermicompost application positively influenced on quantity and quality of essential oil dragonhead, as the highest essential oil content in treatment of application of 5 t.ha-1 vermicompost and the highest essential oil quality in treatment of integrated application of 10 t.ha-1 vermicompost and Nitroxin were obtained. On the base of research results, organic and bio-fertilizers application such as vermicompost and Nitroxin in a sustainable agriculture system can be caused in improvement of qualitative characters of dragonhead.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Firouzkuh
  • Geranial
  • Geranyl acetate
  • Organic fertilizer
Abdel-Baky, H.H., and El-Baroty, G.S. 2008. Chemical and biological evaluation of the essential oil of Egyptian moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). International Journal of Integrative Biology 3(2): 202-208.
Anwar, M., Patra, D.D., Chand, S., Alpesh, K., Naqvi, A.A., and Khanuja, S.P.S. 2005. Effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizer on growth, herb and oil yield, nutrient accumulation, and oil quality of French basil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 36(13-14): 1737-1746.
Azzaz, N.A., Hassan, E.A., and Hamad, E.H. 2009. The chemical constituent and vegetative and yielding characteristics of fennel plants treated with organic and biofertilizer instead of mineral fertilizer. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Science 3(2): 579-587.
Darzi, M.T., Ghalavand, A., Sephidkon, F., and Rejali, F. 2009. Effects of mycorrhiza, vermicompost and phosphatic biofertilizer application on quantity and quality of essential oil in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 24(4): 396-413. (In Persian with English Summary)
Darzi, M.T., Haj Seyed Hadi, M.R., and Rejali, F. 2012. Effects of the application of vermicompost and nitrogen fixing bacteria on quantity and quality of the essential oil in dill (Anethum graveolens). Journal of Medicinal Plants Reseach 6(21): 3793-3799.
Darzi, M.T., Hadj Seyed Hadi, M.R., and Rejali, F. 2013. Effects of vermicompost and phosphatic biofertilizer application on quantity and quality of essential oil in anise. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 29(3): 583-594. (In Persian with English Summary)
Geetha, A., Rao, P.V., Reddy, D.V., and Mohammad, S. 2009. Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on macro and micro nutrient uptake, oil content, quality and herbage yield in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum). Research on Crops 10(3): 740-742.
Gholami Sharafkhane, E., Jahan, M., Banayan Avval, M., Koocheki, A., and Rezvani Moghaddam, P. 2015. The effect of organic, biological and chemical fertilizers on yield, essential oil percentage and some agroecological characteristics of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) under Mashhad conditions. Journal of Agroecology 7(2): 179-189. (In Persian with English Summary)
Harshavardhan, P.G., Vasundhara, M., Shetty, G.R., Nataraja, A., Sreeramu, B.S., Gowda, M.C., and Sreenivasappa, K.N. 2007. Influence of spacing and integrated nutrient management on yield and quality of essential oil in lemon balm (Mellisa officinalis L). Biomed 2(3): 288-292.
Hussein, M.S., El-Sherbeny, S.E., Khalil, M.Y., Naguib, N.Y., and Aly, S.M. 2006. Growth characters and chemical constituents of Dracocephalum moldavica L. plants in relation to compost fertilizer and planting distance. Scientia Horticulturae 108: 322-331.
Kapoor, R., Giri, B., and Mukerji, K.G. 2004. Improved growth and essential oil yield and quality in Foeniculum vulgare Mill. On mycorrhizal inoculation supplemented with P-fertilizer. Bioresource Technology 93: 307-311.
Mafakheri, S., Omidbaigi, R., Sefidkon, F., and Rejali, F. 2012. Effect of vermicompost, biophosphate and Azotobacter on quantity and quality of essential oil of Dracocephalum moldavica L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 27(4): 596-605. (In Persian with English Summary)
Maham, M., Akbari, H., and Delazar, A. 2013. Chemical composition and antinociceptive effect of the essential oil of Dracocephalum moldavica L. Pharmaceutical Sciences 18(4): 187-192.
Mahfouz, S.A., and Sharaf Eldin, M.A. 2007. Effect of mineral vs. biofertilizer on growth, yield, and essential oil content of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). International Agrophisics 21(4): 361-366.
Makkizadeh, M., Nasrollahzadeh, S., Zehtab Salmasi, S., Chaichi, M., and Khavazi, K. 2011. The effect of organic, biologic and chemical fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Agriculture Science and Sustainable Production 22(1): 1-12. (In Persian with English Summary)
Mohammadpour Vashvaei, R., Galavi, M., Ramroudi, M., and Fakheri, B.A. 2015. Effects of drought stress and biofertilizers inoculation on growth, essential oil yield and constituents of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Journal of Agroecology 7(2): 237-253. (In Persian with English Summary)
Moradi, R., Nassiri Mahallati, M., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Lakzian, A., and Nejad Ali, A. 2011. The effect of application of organic and biological fertilizers on quantity and quality of essential oil in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). Journal of Horticultural Science 25(1): 25-33. (In Persian)
Omidbaigi, R. 1997. Approaches to production and processing of medicinal plants. Tarrahane Nashr 424 pp. (In Persian)
Padmapriya, S., and Chezhiyan, N. 2009. Effect of shade, organic, inorganic and biofertilizers on morphology, yield and quality of turmeric. Indian Journal of Horticulture 66(3): 333-339.
Sharafzadeh, S., Ordookhani, K., and Naseri, S. 2012. Influence of different strains of Azotobacter on essential oil components of garden thyme. Technical Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 2(9): 301-304.
Sharma, A.K. 2002. Biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Agrobios, India 407 pp.
Singh, M., and Ramesh, S. 2002. Response of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) to organic and inorganic fertilizer in semi-arid tropical conditions. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science 24(4): 947-950.
Wu, S.C., Caob, Z.H., Lib, Z.G., Cheunga, K.C., and Wong, M.H. 2005. Effects of biofertilizer containing N-fixer, P and K solubilizers and AM fungi on maize growth: A greenhouse trial. Geoderma 125: 155-166
CAPTCHA Image