ارزیابی تأثیر مدیریت تلفیقی مصرف کود دامی و تلقیح با میکوریزا بر ویژگی های رشدی، عملکرد کمّی و اسانس زوفا (Hyssopus officinalis L.) در شرایط آب و هوایی مشهد

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران.

3 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، هرمزگان، ایران

چکیده

به منظور مطالعه اثر سطوح کود دامی و تلقیح با قارچ همزیست میکوریزا بر رشد، عملکرد کمّی و کیفی زوفا (Hyssopus officinalis L.)، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در دو سال زراعی 89-1388 و 90-1389 انجام شد. تلقیح با میکوریزا در دو سطح (با و بدون تلقیح) و پنج سطح کود دامی از نوع کود گاوی پوسیده (صفر، 10، 20، 30 و 40 تن در هکتار) به عنوان تیمار در نظر گرفته شدند. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل ارتفاع بوته، قطر تاج پوشش اندام های هوایی، نسبت برگ به ساقه، وزن خشک اندام هوایی، محتوی اسانس و عملکرد اسانس زوفا بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر ساده و متقابل کود دامی و میکوریزا بر ارتفاع و قطر بوته، نسبت برگ به ساقه، وزن خشک اندام هوایی و محتوی و عملکرد اسانس زوفا معنی دار (01/0p≤) بود. با افزایش مقدار کود دامی از صفر تا 30 تن در هکتار، وزن خشک اندام های هوایی و عملکرد اسانس به ترتیب 127 و 43 درصد بهبود یافت؛ در حالیکه افزایش کود دامی تا 40 تن در هکتار، مقدار این صفات را به ترتیب 112 و 29 درصد بهبود بخشید. تلقیح میکوریزایی بهبود وزن خشک اندام های هوایی و عملکرد اسانس زوفا را به ترتیب برابر با 19 و 14 درصد به دنبال داشت. همچنین، رشد و عملکرد این گیاه در سال دوم به دلیل استقرار مناسب و همچنین دسترسی بیشتر به عناصر و مواد غذایی نسبت به سال اول بالاتر بود. افزایش مصرف کود دامی با افزایش فراهمی عناصر غذایی و بهبود خصوصیات خاک، رشد و عملکرد را افزایش داد. تلقیح با میکوریزا نیز از طریق بهبود توسعه سیستم ریشه ای و دسترسی به عناصر غذایی به ویژه فسفر موجب افزایش رشد و عملکرد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of integrated management of organic manure application and mycorrhiza inoculation on growth criteria, qualitative and essential oil yield of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) under Mashhad climatic conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Javad Shabahng 1
  • Surur Khorramdel 1
  • Asieh Siahmarguee 2
  • Rahmatollah Gheshm 1
  • Leyla Jafari 3
1 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran.
3 Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Hormozgan University, Hormozgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to study impacts of organic manure levels and inoculation with mycorrhiza fungi on growth, quantitative and qualitative yield of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.), a field experiment was conducted as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, during two growing seasons of 2009-2010 and 2010-2011. Mycorhiza inoculation (with and without inoculation) and five levels of organic manure as decomposed cow manure (zero, 10, 20, 30 and 40 t.ha-1) were considered as treatments. Plant height, canopy diameter, leaf to shoot ratio, shoot dry weight, essential oil content and essential oil yield of hyssop were measured and calculated accordingly. The results showed that the simple and interaction effects between organic manure and mycorrhiza were significant (p≤0.01) on plant height, canopy diameter, leaf to stem ratio, shoot dry weight and essential oil content and yield of hyssop. By increasing organic manure level from zero to 30 t.ha-1 enhanced shoot dry weight and essential oil yield of hyssop up to 127 and 43%, respectively. Whereas by increasing organic manure level up to 40 t.ha-1 improved these traits up to 12 and 24%, respectively. Mycorrhiza inoculation enhanced shoot dry weight and essential oil yield up to 19 and 14%, respectively. The second year, growth of hyssop plants due to suitable establishment and more availability of nutrients were higher than the first year. Organic manure enhanced growth and yield of hyssop due to availability of nutrients and improvement in soil characteristics. Mycorrhiza inoculation promoted growth and yield of this valuable medicinal plant because of root development and nutrient availability particularly phosphorus.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ecological management
  • Organic fertilizer
  • Phosphorus
  • Root system
  • Soil fertility

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 23 شهریور 1393
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 23 شهریور 1393
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 23 شهریور 1393

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