اثر کودهای زیستی در تلفیق با مقادیر مختلف کودهای شیمیایی بر ویژگی‌های رشد و عملکرد کاسبرگ‌های چای ترش (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

2 گروه بیوتکنولوژی و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

چکیده

چای ترش (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) گیاهی دارویی نیمه‌گرمسیری از خانواده ختمی است که از کاسبرگ آن به دلیل خواص دارویی و خوراکی استفاده می‌شود. به منظور ارزیابی اثر کودهای زیستی در تلفیق با مقادیر مختلف کودهای شیمیایی بر ویژگی‌های رشد، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کاسبرگ‌های چای ترش، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زابل در سال‌های زراعی 91-1390 و 92-1391 اجرا شد. تیمار‌ها شامل تغذیه گیاه با NPK (به ترتیب220، 130 و 75 کیلوگرم در هکتار اوره، سوپرفسفات تریپل و سولفات پتاسیم)، کود زیستی بیوفسفات، بیوفسفات+25 درصد NPK، بیوفسفات+50 درصد NPK، بیوفسفات+100 درصد NPK، کود زیستی نیتروکسین، نیتروکسین+25 درصد NPK، نیتروکسین+50 درصد NPK، نیتروکسین+100 درصد NPK، بیوفسفات+ نیتروکسین، بیوفسفات+ نیتروکسین+25 درصد NPK، بیوفسفات+ نیتروکسین+50 درصد NPK، بیوفسفات+ نیتروکسین+100 درصد NPK و شاهد (عدم استفاده از کود) بود. ویژ‌گی‌های ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه، وزن تر رویشی، وزن خشک رویشی، وزن تر ریشه، وزن خشک ریشه، تعداد کاسه گل، وزن خشک و عملکرد کاسبرگ‌ها مورد اندازه‌گیری قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه مرکب حاکی از آن بود که اثر تیمارهای کودی بر کلیه صفات مورد بررسی معنی‌دار (01/0P) بود. تعداد کاسه گل، مهم‌ترین جزء تعیین‌کننده عملکرد کاسبرگ‌ها بود. بیشترین مقادیر ارتفاع بوته (00/126 سانتی‌متر)، ، وزن تر و خشک رویشی (به ترتیب 89/2592 و 72/667 گرم در متر مربع)، وزن تر و خشک ریشه (به ترتیب 61/203 و 22/59 گرم در متر مربع)، وزن خشک و عملکرد کاسبرگ‌ها (به ترتیب 61/232 و 03/210 گرم در متر مربع) و تعداد شاخه و کاسه گل (به ترتیب با 28/211 و 22/226 عدد در مترمربع) در تیمار نیتروکسین+ بیوفسفات+100 درصد NPK حاصل شد که اختلاف آن با تیمار نیتروکسین+ بیوفسفات+50 درصد NPK به ترتیب با مقادیر 59/119 سانتی‌متر، 17/2557، 11/635، 78/199، 42/58، 44/221 و 82/205 گرم در مترمربع و 56/194 و 67/201 عدد در مترمربع معنی‌دار نبود. بنابراین با توجه به ضرورت تولید گیاهان دارویی در نظام‌های زراعی و لزوم توجه به کاشت این گیاهان در نظام‌های کم‌نهاده، استفاده از 50 درصد مقدار توصیه شده کودهای شیمیایی NPK به همراه کودهای زیستی تثبیت کننده نیتروژن و فسفر جهت بهبود رشد گیاهان و افزایش عملکرد کاسبرگ‌های چای ترش توصیه می گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Bio-fertilizers in Combination with Different Rates of Chemical Fertilizers on the Growth Characters and Sepals Yield of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Roghayeh Mohammadpour Vashvaei 1
  • Ahmad Ghanbari 1
  • Barat Ali Fakheri 2
1 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran
2 Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran
چکیده [English]

Roselle or Maki tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a subtropical medicinal and aromatic plant belongs to the family Malvaceae that sepals of it's due to its medicinal properties and culinary uses. To evaluate the effect of bio-fertilizers in combination with different rates of chemical fertilizers on the growth characters, sepals yield and yield components of roselle, an experiment was conducted in randomized coplete block design with three replications, at the Research Station in Zabol University, during 2012 and 2013. Experimental treatments were plant nutrition with NPK, biophosphate, biophosphate+25% NPK, biophosphate+50% NPK, biophosphate+ 100% NPK, nitroxin, nitroxin+25%NPK, nitroxin+50%NPK, nitroxin+100%NPK, nitroxin+biophosphate, nitroxin+ biophosphate+25% NPK, nitroxin+biophosphate+50% NPK, nitroxin+biophosphate+100% NPK and control (non-use of any fertilizer). Plant traits such as plant height, no. of branches.plant-1, fresh and dry weight of vegetative, roots fresh and dry weight, calyx no.plant-1, sepal dry weight, sepals yield of roselle were measured. The results of combined analysis of variance showed that the effect of fertilizer were significant (P≤0.01) for all studied traits. Calyx no.plant-1 was the most important component in determining the sepals yield. The highest of all studied triates belong to nitroxin+biophosphate+100% NPK treatment that its difference with nitroxin+ biophosphate+50% NPK treatment was not significant. Thus, with respect to the production of medicinal plants in cropping systems and attention to the cultivation of these plants in low input systems, to improve plant growth and increase the sepals yield of roselle, 50% of the recommended dose of fertilizers with bio-fertilizers is recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biophsphate
  • Maki tea
  • Medicinal plants
  • Nitroxin
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