تأثیر کاربرد سیلیسیوم بر صفات فیزیولوژیکی و رشد گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) تحت شرایط تنش خشکی آخر فصل

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زراعت، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان، ملاثانی،اهواز، ایران

چکیده

به‏منظور بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف سیلیسیوم بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی و رشد گندم نان (Triticum aestivum L.) در شرایط تنش خشکی آخر فصل، آزمایشی گلدانی در سال 1391 به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. در این آزمایش تیمارها شامل سطوح تنش خشکی آخر فصل (آبیاری پس از تخلیه 25، 50 و 75 درصد رطوبت قابل استفاده خاک) و سطوح سیلیسیوم (صفر، 10، 20 و 30 میلی‏گرم سیلیس خالص در کیلوگرم خاک) می‏باشد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر خشکی بر تمام صفات مورد بررسی معنی‏دار بود، به طوری که در اثر تنش میزان نشت الکترولیتی، مقدار پرولین، موم کوتیکول و غلظت سیلیسیوم برگ افزایش و فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز، پتاسیم دانه و نسبت اندام هوایی به ریشه کاهش یافتند. تنش خشکی شدید بیشترین تأثیر را بر میزان نشت (افزایش 53 درصد) داشت. کاربرد سیلیسیوم نیز به جز نسبت اندام هوایی به ریشه تمام صفات مورد بررسی را تحت تأثیر خود قرار داد، به نحوی که کاربرد 30 میلی‏گرم سیلیسیوم سبب کاهش 5/22 درصدی میزان نشت و افزایش پرولین، فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز، موم موتیکول، غلظت پتاسیم دانه و سیلیسیوم برگ به ترتیب 25، 8/12، 21، 17 و 30 درصد نسبت به شاهد گردید. به‏طورکلی، نتایج نشان داد که تأثیر مثبت سیلیسیوم بر گندم در شرایطی که گیاه تحت تنش قرار داشت بسیار بیشتر از شرایط بدون تنش است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of silicon application on physiological characteristics and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under drought stress condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Aziz Karmollachaab
  • Mohammad Hossein Gharineg
  • Abdolmahdi Bakhshandeh
  • Mohammad Reza Moradi Telvat
  • Ghodrat Allah Fathi
Department of Agronomy, Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University, Khuzestan Mollasani, Ahwaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effect of silicon application on some physiological characteristics and growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under late drought stress condition, an experiment was conducted at the Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Ramin, Khuzestan during year 2012. The experiment was conducted in the open environment as factorial randomized complete block design with three levels of drought stress (irrigation after 25, 50 and 75% depletion of available water content) as the first factor and four levels of silicon (0, 10, 20 and 30 mg Si.kg-1 soil) as the second factor with three replications. The results showed that drought stress imposed a negative significant effect on all traits. The drought stress led to increased electrolyte leakage and proline content, cuticular wax, leaf silicon concentration, superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and grain potassium were decreased. The severe drought stress has most effect on electrolyte leakage (up to 53%). The application of silicon except the shoot/root parameter, on all characters have been affected so that application of 30 mg Si.kg-1 soil led to decrease electrolyte leakage up to 22.5% and increased SOD activity, proline content, cuticular wax grain K and flag leaf Si concentration, 25, 12.8, 21, 17 and 30% compared to control, respectively. In general, the results showed a positive effect of silicon on wheat plant under stress conditions that were higher than no stress condition.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Electrolyte leakage
  • Silicon k concentration
  • Superoxide dismutase activity

مراجع

1. Ahmad, M., Hassen, F., Qadeer U., and Aslam, A. 2011. Silicon application and drought tolerance mechanism of sorghum. African Journal of Agricultural Research 6(3): 594-607.
2. Alizadeh, A. 2008. Soil and Plant Water Relations. Compilation. Publication of Imam Reza, Mashhad, Iran. p. 132-146. (In Persian)
3. Amirabadi, M., Seifi, M., Rejali, F., and Ardakani, M.R. 2012. Study the concentration of macroelements in forage mays (Zea mays L.) (SC 704) as effected by inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and Azotobacter chroococcum under different levels of nitrogen. Journal of Agroecology 4(1): 33-40.
4. Ashraf, M. 2009. Biotechnological approach of improving plant salt tolerance using antioxidants as markers. Biotechnology Advances 27: 84-93.
5. Bates, L.S., Waldern, R.P., and Teare, I.D. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil 39: 205-207.
6. Behtash, F., Tabatabayi, S.J., Malekoti, M.J., Seroraldin, M.H., and Ostan, S. 2010. Effect of cadmium and silicon on growth and some physiological characteristics of beet. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 2(1): 153-167. (In Persian)
7. Chen, W., Yao, X., Cai, K., and Chen, J. 2010. Silicon alleviates drought Stress of rice plants by improving plant water status, photosynthesis and mineral nutrient absorption. Biological Trace Element Research 142: 67–76.
8. Elliot, C.L., and Snyder, G.H. 1991. Autoclave-induced digestion for the calorimetric determination of silicon in rice straw. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 39: 1118-1119.
9. Epstien, E. 1999. Silicon. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 50: 641-664.
10. Giannopolitis, C.N., and Ries, S.K. 1977. Superoxide dismutase. I. Occurrence in higher plants. Plant Physiology 59: 309-314.
11. Gong, H.J., Chen, K.M., Chen, G., Wang, S., and Zhang, C.L. 2005. Effects of Silicon on Growth of Wheat under Drought. 13th International Soil Conservation Organisation Conference–Brisbane, July, p. 10-11.
12. Kaya, C., Tuna and, L., Higgs, D. 2006. Effect of silicon on plant growth and mineral nutrition of maize grown.under water - stress condition. Journal of Plant Nutrition 29: 1469-1480.
13. Khazaie, H.R., and Kafi, M. 2003. Effect of drought stress on root growth and dry matter partitioning between roots and shoots of winter wheat. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 1(1): 33-42. (In Persian with English Summary)
14. Liang, Y., Chen, Q., Liu, Q., Zhang, W., and Ding, R. 2007. Exogenous silicon (Si) increases antioxidant enzyme activity and reduces lipid peroxidation in roots of salt stressed barely (Hordeum vulgar L.). Journal of Plant Physiology 160: 1157-1164.
15. Lutts, S., Kinet, J.M., and Bouharmont, J. 1996. NaCl-induced senescence in leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars differing in salinity resistance. Annals Botany 78: 389–398.
16. Ma, J.F., and Yamaji, N. 2006. Silicon uptake and accumulation in higher plants. Trends in Plant Science 11(8): 22-28.
17. Mansourifar, S., Modarres Sanavy, A.M., and Jalali Javaran, M. 2005. Effect of drought stress and nitrogen deficit on quality and quantity of soluble proteins in maize (Zea mays L.) leaf. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 36(3): 625-326. (In Persian with English Summary)
18. Mohammadi, A.A., Majid, A., Bihamta, M.R., and Heydari sharifabadi, H. 2006. Evaluation of drought stress on the morphological characteristics of cultivated wheat varieties. Journal of Research and Development 73: 184-192. (In Persian)
19. Tale Ahmad, S., and Haddad, R. 2011. Study of silicon effects on antioxidant enzyme activities and osmotic adjustment of wheat under drought stress. Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 47(1): 17-27.
20. Tuna, A.L., Kaya, C., Higgs, D., Murillo-Amador, B., Aydemir, S., and Girgin, A.R. 2008. Silicon improves salinity tolerance in wheat plants. Environmental and Experimental Botany 62: 10–16.
21. Valdiani, A.R., Hassanzadeh, A., and Tajbakhsh, M. 2005. Study on the effects of salt stress in germination and embryo growth stages of the four prolific and new cultivars of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Research and Development 66: 25-33. (In Persian with English Summary)
22. Zhu, Z., Wei, G., Li, J., Qian, Q., and Yu, J. 2004. Silicon alleviates salt stress and increase antioxidant enzymes activity in leaves of salt- stressed cucumber. Journal of Plant Science 167: 527-533.
ارسال نظر در مورد این مقاله
CAPTCHA Image

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 12 اسفند 1392
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 12 اسفند 1392
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 12 اسفند 1392

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار