ارزیابی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد و نسبت برابری زمین در کشت مخلوط ردیفی کدو پوست-کاغذی (Cucurbita pepo L.) با برخی گیاهان زراعی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• سحر مریداحمدی ¹
• سرور خرم دل ¹
• علیرضا کوچکی ¹
• جواد شباهنگ ¹
• عبداله ملافیلابی ²

¹ گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

² گروه زیست فناوری مواد غذایی، مؤسسه پژوهشی علوم و صنایع غذایی، مشهد، ایران

10.22067/jag.v10i4.63921

چکیده

این آزمایش با هدف بررسی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کدو پوست­کاغذی (Cucurbita pepo L.) در شرایط کشت مخلوط ردیفی با تعدادی از گیاهان دارویی و زراعی، در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار و 11 تیمار در سال زراعی 94-1393 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد انجام شد. تیمارهای کشت مخلوط ردیفی شامل کدو پوست کاغذی با ذرت (Zea mays L.)، ذرت شیرین (Zea mays convar. saccharata)، آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.)، کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.)، کرچک (Ricinus communis L.) و تک­کشتی آنها بود. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل اجزای عملکرد کدو پوست کاغذی (شامل تعداد میوه، وزن میوه، عملکرد میوه، تعداد دانه در میوه، وزن دانه در میوه و وزن 1000 دانه)، عملکرد بیولوژیکی و دانه کدو پوست کاغذی، ذرت، ذرت شیرین، کنجد و کرچک و نسبت برابری زمین (LER) بود. نتایج نشان داد که اثر کشت مخلوط ردیفی با گیاهان زراعی و دارویی بر تعداد میوه، وزن تک­میوه، عملکرد میوه در هکتار، تعداد و وزن دانه در میوه، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک کدو پوست کاغذی معنی­دار بود. بیشترین تعداد میوه کدو پوست کاغذی از کشت خالص با 31650 میوه در هکتار و کمترین تعداد از کشت مخلوط با آفتابگردان با 14386 میوه در هکتار بدست آمد. بیشترین تعداد دانه از کشت مخلوط با آفتابگردان با 75/333 دانه در میوه حاصل شد. بالاترین عملکرد دانه ذرت، ذرت شیرین، آفتابگردان، کنجد و کرچک در کشت خالص به ترتیب برابر با 17/772، 59/437، 69/563، 75/177 و 177 گرم بر متر مربع بدست آمد. بالاترین نسبت برابری زمین برای کشت مخلوط ردیفی کدو پوست کاغذی با ذرت شیرین با 57/1 محاسبه شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• عملکرد بیولوژیکی
• عملکرد میوه
• شاخص برداشت
• نسبت برابری زمین

20.1001.1.20087713.1397.10.4.2.6

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عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of yield and yield components of pumpkin (Cucrbita pepo L.) and land equivalent ratio affected as row intercropping with some field crops

نویسندگان [English]

• Sahar Morid Ahmadi ¹
• Surur Khorramdel ¹
• Alireza Koocheki ¹
• Javad Shabahang ¹
• Abdollah Maollafilabi ²

¹ Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

² Department of Food Biotechnology, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology, Mashhad, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Medicinal and aromatic plants are looked upon not only as a source of affordable health care products but also as a source of income. Several studies emphasized the need for cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants in agricultural systems based on low input management. One of such causes is production of medicinal plants with oil seed with unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic and linoleic acid. Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) is an important oil seed plant belongs to family Cucurbitaceae with a prostrate stem. This seeds is used in food industry, cosmetics and health items. Active ingredients of seed are fatty acids, Vitamin E and ß-phytosterols. The major components of pumpkin oil are linoleic, oleic, palmitic and stearic acids. Seeds of pumpkin species contain 39.5-56.5% oil and 21-67.4% linoleic acid (Aroiee & Omidbaigi, 2004; Siami et al., 2003). Because of its ability to tolerate shade and to cover ground rapidly with its creeping growth habit (Aroiee & Omidbaigi, 2004), is often intercropped with other plants. This intercropping system could be effective in suppressing weed growth and increasing crop yields.
Intercropping is defined as the intensification and diversification of agricultural system in time and space dimensions. Increased food production by intercropping with more variety can to be effective in improving yield and ecosystem services and functions.
The purposes of the experiment were evaluating the yield and yield components of pumpkin in row intercropping treatments with some field crops and medicinal plants
Materials and Methods
This experiment was done based on a randomized complete block design with four replications and 11 treatments at the Agricultural Research Station, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during growing season 2014-2015. Row intercropping of pumpkin with corn (Zea mays L.), sweet corn (Zea mays convar. saccharata), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L), sesame (Sesamum indicum L), castor been (Ricinus communis L) and their monoculture were considered as treatments. Studied traits were yield components of pumpkin (such as number of fruit, fruit weight, fruit yield, number of seeds per fruit, weight of seeds per fruit and 1000- seed weight), biological and seed yield of pumpkin, corn, sweet corn, sunflower, sesame and caster been and land equivalent ratio (LER).
Results and discussion
The results showed that the effect of rows intercropping with some field crops and medicinal plants was significant on fruit number, fruit weight, fruit yield per ha, seed number per fruit, seed weight per fruit, 1000- seed weight, seed yield and biological yield of pumpkin. The highest fruit number of pumpkin was observed in monoculture with 31650 fruits.ha-1 and the lowest was intercropping with sunflower with 14386 fruit.ha-1. The maximum seed number was related to intercropping with sunflower with 333.75 seeds.fruit-1. The highest seed yield of corn, sweet corn, sunflower, sesame and castor bean was obtained in their monoculture with 772.17, 437.59, 563.69, 177.75 and 177 g.m-2, respectively. The maximum land equivalent ratio was calculated for intercropping of pumpkin+ sweet corn with 1.57.
Conclusion
The results highlight the importance of intercropping medicinal plants and crops for improving the yield and yield components of pumpkin. The yield advantage of intercropping system occur when the component plants are in complementarily with each other, resulting in more effective use of environmental resources such as nutrients, radiation and water and yield compared with when produce as monoculture. The highest LER was computed for intercropped pumpkin with sweet corn. It seems that sweet corn had lowest competitive effects on pumpkin. On the other hand, weakness of pumpkin competitive ability in comparison with castor bean possible was due to morphology and its growth form (prostrate form). Of course it is always necessary to determine the types of interactions in intercrops in order to find out and select the best plant in intercropping with pumpkins in which the competition is the lowest, while yield components are the highest.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Biological yield
• Fruit yield
• Harvest index
• Land equivalent ratio

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