ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
تأثیر کاربرد کودهای آلی و بیولوژیک بر عملکرد زیستتوده و مقدار پلی فنولهای برگ گیاه کاسنی پاکوتاه (Cichorium pomilum Jacq.)
بهمنظور بررسی تأثیر کاربرد کودهای آلی و بیولوژیک بر عملکرد رویشی و میزان پلی فنولهای برگ کاسنی پاکوتاه، آزمایشی بهصورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال زراعی 91-190، انجام گرفت .در این آزمایش فاکتورکودهای آلی و شیمیایی در چهار سطح (چهار تن در هکتار کمپوست زباله شهری، چهار تن در هکتار ورمی کمپوست،130 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود اوره و عدم مصرف کود (شاهد)) و فاکتورکود زیستی در دو سطح (کود زیستی بیوسولفور به همراه 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود گوگرد خالص و عدم مصرف آن (شاهد)) استفاده شد. نتایج حاکی از وجود تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایش بر وزن تر و خشک زیستتوده در چین اول و دوم و مجموع وزن خشک زیستتوده در هر دو چین بود. بیشترین عملکرد وزن تر زیستتوده در هر دو چین از تیمار تلفیقی کود شیمیایی و کود زیستی بیوسولفور حاصل شد. نتایج در چین اول و دوم و مجموع دو چین نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد خشک زیستتوده از تیمار کمپوست حاصل شد. همچنین اثرات ساده و متقابل فاکتورهای مورد مطالعه، بر میزان پلی فنولهای موجود در برگ گیاه کاسنی پاکوتاه (Cichorium pomilum Jacq.) در هر دو چین معنیدار بود. بیشترین میزان پلی فنولهای برگ در تیمار ورمیکمپوست و کمترین میزان در تیمار تلفیقی کود شیمیایی و کود زیستی بیوسولفور در هر دو چین حاصل شد. بهطور کلی نتایج نشان داد در بین منابع کودی مختلف، کود آلی کمپوست هم در عملکرد رویشی و هم در مقدار پلیفنول گیاه اثر مثبتی داشت.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_36078_3f29ea155886ddf54d5761c022e4ed16.pdf
2017-12-22
910
921
10.22067/jag.v9i4.22651
کود زیستی بیوسولفور
کمپوست
گیاه دارویی
ورمیکمپوست
فریما
دعایی
farima_doaei@yahoo.com
1
گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
AUTHOR
پرویز
رضوانی مقدم
rezvani@um.ac.ir
2
گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
رضا
قربانی
reza-ghorbani@um.ac.ir
3
گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
AUTHOR
احمد
بالندری
balandary1339@yahoo.com
4
پژوهشکده علوم و صنایع غذایی مشهد
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
اثر روشهای غیرشیمیایی مدیریت علفهای هرز بر ویژگیهای رشدی و عملکرد زیره سبز (Cuminum cyminum L.)
بهمنظور بررسی اثر روشهای مدیریت علفهای هرز بر اجزای عملکرد، عملکرد کمی و کیفی زیره سبز (Cuminum cyminum L.)، آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال زراعی 92-1391 در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با نه تیمار و سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل شخم در شب، بستر کاذب، سه گیاه پوششی ماشک گل خوشهای (Vicia villosa L.)، خلر (Lathyrus sp.) و شنبلیله (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)، بقایای گیاهی سیر (Allium sativum L.)، آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) و جو (Hordeum vulgare L.) و شاهد (بدون کنترل علفهای هرز) بودند. عملیات خاکورزی تیمار شخم در شب با استفاده از نور ماه انجام شد. برای تیمار بستر کاذب، پس از تهیه بستر کاشت و آبیاری، علفهای هرز با شخم سطحی در نیمه اول اسفند ماه حذف شدند. در نیمه دوم اسفند ماه گیاهان پوششی به خاک برگردانیده شدند. پس از عملیات آمادهسازی زمین، 5/2 تن در هکتار بقایای گیاهی به خاک افزوده شد. گیاهان پوششی به صورت متراکم در نیمه اول آبان ماه کاشته و سپس کلیه کرتها آبیاری شدند و سپس کاشت زیره سبز انجام شد. صفات اندازهگیری شده شامل ارتفاع، اجزای عملکرد، عملکرد بیولوژیکی و دانه، محتوی و عملکرد اسانس زیره سبز بودند. نتایج نشان داد که خصوصیات رشدی، اجزای عملکرد و عملکرد بیولوژیکی، دانه و اسانس زیره سبز به طور معنیداری تحت تأثیر روشهای مدیریت غیرشیمیایی علفهای هرز قرار گرفت (01/0p≤). بیشترین عملکرد بیولوژیکی و دانه به-ترتیب 7/220 و 1/103 گرم بر مترمربع برای تیمار ماشک گلخوشهای و کمترین میزان بهترتیب 4/72 و 6/28 گرم بر مترمربع برای شاهد مشاهده شد. میانگین این صفات در تمام تیمارهای مدیریتی در مقایسه با شاهد بیش از 100 درصد بهبود یافت. بالاترین عملکرد اسانس (8/2 گرم در مترمربع) برای گیاه پوششی ماشک گل خوشهای و کمترین میزان (6/0 گرم در مترمربع) برای شاهد بهدست آمد. کاشت گیاهان پوششی و کاربرد بقایای گیاهی در سطح خاک از طریق بهبود خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی و محتوی رطوبتی خاک باعث افزایش آماس سلولی شده که این موضوع موجب بهبود رشد و تولید ماده فتوسنتزی و افزایش عملکرد زیره سبز گردید.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_36085_f778f965c66bd25b10957e5dcc0b38c5.pdf
2017-12-22
922
934
10.22067/jag.v9i4.24273
بقایای گیاهی
دگرآسیبی
شخم در شب
کنترل نوری علف هرز
گیاه پوششی
سرور
خرم دل
khorramdel@um.ac.ir
1
گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
رضا
قربانی
reza-ghorbani@um.ac.ir
2
گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
AUTHOR
هما
عزیزی
azizi.homa@stu.um.ac.ir
3
گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
AUTHOR
محمد
سیدی
seyedi2467@yahoo.com
4
گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
راهبردهای گذار از کشاورزی رایج به پایدار در ایران - جایگزینی نهادهها و طراحی بومنظام کشاورزی
چکیده
با بهبود کارایی مصرف نهادهها در بومنظامهای کشاورزی، جایگزینی نهادههای بومسازگار با نهادههای شیمیایی بهعنوان دومین گام و طراحی مجدد بومنظامهای زراعی بهعنوان آخرین مرحله در گذار از کشاورزی رایج به پایدار مطرح میباشند. به منظور ارزیابی وضعیت نظامهای زراعی کشور، 223 پژوهش و مطالعه انجام گرفته در سطح کشور در زمینههای مختلف از نظر جایگزینی نهادهها و طراحی بومنظامهای زراعی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. با توجه به اینکه در کشاورزی پایدار بیشتر کارکردهای چندگانه بومنظامها مدنظر میباشد، در این مطالعه سعی شده است جنبههای چند کارکردی مدیریتهای مختلف در زمینه جایگزینی نهادهها مورد ارزیابی قرار گیرد. کارکردهای مورد مطالعه در این پژوهش شامل بهبود خصوصیات بیوفیزیکوشیمیایی خاک، مدیریت بومسازگار آفات و بیماریها، کاهش مصرف انرژی و افزایش تنوع زیستی با استفاده از رهیافتهای مدیریتی بومسازگار میباشند که در قالب مدیریتهای مختلف از قبیل استفاده از کودهای آلی و بیولوژیک، مدیریت بقایای گیاهی، استفاده از ویژگیهای دگرآسیبی گیاهان، شخمهای حفاظتی، تناوب زراعی و کشت مخلوط مطرح میباشند. در بخش طراحی، بر مبنای آگاهی و دانش حاصل از پژوهشهای نظری و عملی، بومنظام کشاورزی پایدار طراحی و بازآفرینی شد. در طراحی مدیریت آب و خاک، آب در مقیاس چرخههای بزرگ در نظر گرفته شد و در مورد خاک تأکید بر تغذیه خاک بهجای تغذیه گیاه صورت گرفت. در مدیریت آفات بهجای کنترل به بینش مدیریت آفات توجه شد و در مدیریت تنوع، مفهوم تنوع فراتر از گونههای زراعی مدنظر قرار گرفت و گونههای گیاهی غیرزراعی، گونههای جانوری و تنوع زیر خاک را نیز در نظر گرفت. رهیافتهای تخفیف و سازگاری در رابطه با تغییر اقلیم و همچنین تدریجی کردن دوره گذار از رایج به پایدار به منظور بهحداقل رساندن مخاطرات مالی برای کشاورزان نیز از جمله مواردی است که در طراحی بومنظام مورد توجه قرار گرفت. بهطور کلی، علیرغم اینکه در بخش جایگزینی نهادههای بومسازگار به جای نهادههای رایج پژوهشهای مختلفی در ایران انجام گرفته است ولی سیاست گذاری در انتقال این راهبردها به مزارع ضروری است. گرچه از نظر طراحی بومنظام زراعی بومسازگار پژوهشهای منسجمی در این زمینه صورت نگرفته است، ولی وجود نتایج کافی برای دو مرحله اول و دوم (افزایش کارایی نهادهها و جایگزینی آنها) میتواند مبنایی برای این مرحله باشد. بنابراین در مرحله آخر گذار به کشاورزی پایدار باید مطالعات عمیقی در سطح بومنظام بر اساس پتانسیل هر منطقه انجام شود.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_36094_1af71de0aaae061082999e28f2a6415c.pdf
2017-12-22
935
959
10.22067/jag.v9i4.27139
بازآفرینی
پایداری خاک
تغییر اقلیم
تنوع زیستی
توسعه روستایی
چند کارکردی
علیرضا
کوچکی
akooch@um.ac.ir
1
گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
مهدی
نصیری محلاتی
mnassiri@um.ac.ir
2
گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
AUTHOR
روح اله
مرادی
ro.moradi@stu-mail.um.ac.ir
3
گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی بردسیر، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، ایران
AUTHOR
حامد
منصوری
h.mansori@areeo.ac.ir
4
مؤسسه تحقیقات چغندرقند، همدان، ایران
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Mohammadi, K., Parsari, B., Rokhzadi, A., Ghalavand, A., Alikhani, M.A., and Eskandari, M. 2011. Response of canola`s seed yield and quality to different sources of manure, compost and biological fertilizers in Kordestan region. Electronic Journal of Crop Production 4: 81-101. (In Persian with English Summary)
73
Mohammadi. K., Rahimiyan, H.A., Etebariyan, H.R., and Ghandar, M. 2005. Biological control of common root rot of wheat by antagonistic bacteria isolated from wheat rhizosphere. Plant Diseases 41: 383-402 (In Persian with English Summary)
74
Mohsen Niya, A., and Jaliliyan, J. 2012. Effect of drought stress on yield and yield components of safflower. Journal of Agroecology 4: 235-245. (In Persian with English Summary)
75
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76
Moradi, R., Koocheki, A., and Nassiri Mahallati, M. 2013b. Adaptation of maize to climate change impacts in Iran. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 19: 1223–1238.
77
Moradi, R., Koocheki, A., Nassiri Mahallati, M., and Mansouri, H. 2013a. Adaptation strategies for maize cultivation under climate change in Iran: irrigation and planting date management. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 18: 265-284.
78
Moradi, R., Rezvani Mogaddam, P., Alizadeh, Y., and Ghorbani, R. 2010. Assessment of germination and morphological characteristics of wild oat and mustard seedling under extraction of caraway, pea shoots and mixed of them. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 8: 897-908. (In Persian with English Summary)
79
Moradi, R., Rezvani Mogaddam, P., Nassiri Mahallati, M., and Lakziyan, A. 2009. Investigating of effect biological fertilizer on yield, yield components and essence amount of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 7: 625-635. (In Persian with English Summary)
80
Motaghiyan, A., Pir Dashti, H.A., Behmanyar, M.A., and Abbasiyan, A. 2010. Effect of type and amount of manure on seed yield and leaf nutrient concentration of three varieties of soybean. Iranian Journal of Water and Soil Research 41: 19-26. (In Persian with English Summary)
81
Mousavi, M., Bahmanyar, M.A., and Pir Dashti, H. 2012. Rice response to few year application of vermicompost as individual and enriched with different chemical fertilizers. Electronic Journal of Crop Production 5: 19-35. (In Persian with English Summary)
82
Nassiri Mahallati, M., Koocheki, A., and Mazaheri, D. 2005. Diversity of crop varieties in Iran. Biyaban 10: 33-50. (In Persian with English Summary)
83
Nassiri Mahallati, M., Koocheki, A., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., and Beheshti, S.A.R. 2007. Agroecology. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran Press 459 p. (In Persian)
84
Nazari, S., Zand, E., Asadi, S., and Golzardi, F. 2012. Effect of additive and replacement intercropping of bean and mash on yield, yield components and weeds biomass. Journal of Weed Research 4: 97-109. (In Persian with English Summary)
85
Ndakidemi, P.A. 2006. Manipulating legume/cereal mixtures to optimize the above and below ground interactions in the traditional African cropping systems. African Journal of Biotechnology 5(25): 2526-2533.
86
Orooji, K., Khazaei, H.R., Rashed Mahasel, M.H., Ghorbani, R., and Azizi, M. 2008. Allelopathic effects of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) on germination and initial growth of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and common lambsquarter (Chenopodium album). Journal of Plant Protection 22: 119-128. (In Persian with English Summary)
87
Oveisi, M., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Rostami, M., Baghestani, M.A., and Nassiri Mahallati, M. 2006. Effect of three rotation systems on weed seed bank of barely fields in Karaj. Iranian Journal of Field CropS Research 4: 1-11. (In Persian with English Summary)
88
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89
Pirsteh Anoshe, H., Emam, Y., and Saharkhiz, M.J. 2011. Study of allelopathic characterizes of some medicinal plants on some germination properties and pre-growth of wheat and wild oat. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 9: 95-102. (In Persian with English Summary)
90
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91
Rahim Zadeh, S., Sohrabi, Y., Heydari, G., Eyvazi, A., and Hosseini, T. 2011. Application effect of chemical and organic fertilizers on yield and essence amount of Dracocephalum moldavica. Iranian Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 27: 81-96. (In Persian with English Summary)
92
Rahimizadeh, M., Zare Feizabadi, A., Kashani, A., Koocheki, A., and Nassiri Mahallati M. 2012. Evaluation of soil fertility in wheat-based double cropping systems under different rates of nitrogen and return of crop residue. Journal of Water and Soil 25: 1277-1286. (In Persian with English Summary)
93
Raof Fard, R., and Omid Beygi, R. 2011. Evaluation of allelophatic characterize of Hyacinth shoot (Angelica archangelica L.). Journal of Horticulture Sciences 25: 261-266. (In Persian)
94
Rezaei, D., Haghniya, G.H., Lakziyan, A., Hasan Zadeh Khayat, M., and Nasirli, H. 2011. Organic decomposition of atrazin in various concentration by pseudomonas bacteria. Journal of Plant Protection 25: 224-227. (In Persian with English Summary)
95
Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Raoofi, M.R., Rashed Mohassel, M.H., and Moradi. R. 2009. Evaluation of sowing patterns and weed control on mung bean (Vigna radiate L. Wilczek) - black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) intercropping system. Journal of Agroecology 1: 65-79. (In Persian with English Summary)
96
Rezvani Moghaddam, P., and Moradi, R. 2012. Evaluation of planting date, biological fertilizer and intercropping on yield and essence quantity of cumin and fenugreek. Journal of Iranian Agronomy Plants Sciences 43: 217-230. (In Persian with English Summary)
97
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98
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99
Sadeghi, A., Hesan, A.R., Asghari, H., Naderi-ghomi, D., Farsi, M., Karimi, E., Majidi, E., Omidvari, M., and Abbaszade, P. 2009. Biological control of Rhizoctonia solani damping off of sugar beet with native Streptomyces isolates under greenhouse and field conditions. Journal of Sugarbeet 25: 177-191. (In Persian with English Summary)
100
Sadrabadi, R., Critchley, N., Cooper, J., Leifert, K., and Eyre, M. 2010. Effects of different fertilizer and protection managements on seed bank properties in an organic system. Journal of Agroecology 2: 512-522. (In Persian with English Summary)
101
Sadravi, M. 2006. Effecy of crops rotation on population of mycorrhizal fungi of wheat. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources 13: 1-7. (In Persian with English Summary)
102
Saeid Nejad, A.M., Khazaei, H.A., and Rezvani Moghaddam, P. 2012. Study of application effect of organic matter, biological and chemical fertilizers on some morphological characteristics, yield and yield components of silage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 10: 503-510. (In Persian with English Summary)
103
Safadost, A., Mosaddegi, M.R., Mahbobi, A.A., Norozi, A., and Asadiyan, G. 2007. Effect of short-term tillage and manure on soil structure properties. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources 41: 91-100. (In Persian with English Summary)
104
Safaeye, M.R., and Daneshvar Kakhki, M. 2006. Design of water pumping from well by application of wind energy. Sharif Journal 36: 3-8. (In Persian with English Summary)
105
Salami, P., and Ahmadi, H. 2010. Energy input and output in a chickpea production system in Kurdistan, Iran. African Crop Science Journal 18: 51-57.
106
Salehi, F., Bohrani, M.J., Kazemini, S.A., Pakniyyat, H., and Karimiyan, N. 2011. Effect of amount of wheat residuals and nitrogen fertilizer on some characterizes of filed soil in bean cultivation. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources 15: 209-218. (In Persian with English Summary)
107
Saraei, R., Lahoti, M., and Ganjali, A. 2012. Assessment of allelopathic effect of Eucalyptus on some germination, morphological and biochemical characterizes of barely and Sisymbrium irio. Journal of Agroecology 4: 215-222. (In Persian with English Summary)
108
Sarani, S.A., Sharifi Tehrani, A., Ahmadzadeh, M., and Javan Nikkhah, M. 2009. Biological control of canola rhizoctonia damping by Burkholderia cepacia bacterial. Journal of Agricultural Science 32: 1-14. (In Persian with English Summary)
109
Seyedi, M., Hamzei, J., Ahmadvand, G., and Abutalebian, M.A. 2012. The evaluation of weed suppression and crop production in barley-chickpea intercrops. Journal of Agricultural Knowledge and Sustainable Production 22: 101-114. (In Persian with English Summary)
110
Shahiri Tabarestani, M., Falahati, M., Jafarpour, B., and Rohani, H. 2005. Investigation on biological control of sugar beet damping-off disease by some isolates of Trichoderma harizanum Rafai. Journal of Sugarbeet 21: 57-75. (In Persian with English Summary)
111
Shakeri, A., Amini, M., Tabatabaei, S.A., and Modarres Sanavi, S.A. 2012. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer and biological fertilizer included Azotobacter and Azospirillum on seed yield and fatty acid of sesame varieties in Yazd conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 10: 742-750. (In Persian with English Summary)
112
Shefaati, F., Esmaili, M.A., Pir Dashti, H.A., and Abbasiyan, A. 2012. Application effect of organic fertilizer in different levels of nitrogen and phosphor chemical fertilizers on linked characteristics with barely seed yield. Iranian Journal of Water and Soil Research 43: 185-193. (In Persian with English Summary)
113
Shirani, H., Haj Abbasi, M.A., Afyoni, M., and Hemmat, A. 2010. Effect of tillage systems and manure on Penetration resistance of soil under maize cultivation. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources 154: 14-41. (In Persian with English Summary)
114
Shoghi Klokhran, S., Ghalavand, A., Modarres Sanavi, S.A.M. 2011. Effect of organic and green fertilizers in combination with nitrogen source (chemical-manure) on qualities and quantity characteristics of sunflower. Environmental Sciences 9: 35-52. (In Persian with English Summary)
115
Siahmarguei, A., Rashed Mohassel, M.H., Banayan, M., and Kharaghani, F. 2003. The effect of three crop rotation systems on diversity and dispersal of weed seedbank communities. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 1: 257-270. (In Persian with English Summary)
116
Taghi Zadeh, M., Ramrodi, M., Galavi, M., Siyahsar, B., Heydari, m., and Maghsodi Moud, A.A. 2012. Application effect of various phosphor fertilizers as chemical and organic on yield and yield components of maize and green pea in intercropping system. Iranian Journal of Agronomy Plants Sciences 43: 203-215. (In Persian with English Summary)
117
Tahami Zarandi, S.M., and Rezvani Moghaddam, P. 2011. Assessment of germination and morphological properties of oat under shoot organs extractraction of four medicinal plants. Journal of Plant Protection 25: 398-406. (In Persian with English Summary)
118
Tahmasebi Servestani, Z., and Mostafavi Rad, M. 2011. Effect of nitrogen organic and chemical sources on qualities and quantity characteristics of winter canola`s three varieties in arak. Electronic Journal of Crop Production 4: 177-194. (In Persian with English Summary)
119
Tsubo, M., Walker, S., and Mukhala, E. 2001. Comparisons of radiation use efficiency of mono-/inter-cropping systems with different row orientations. Field Crops Research 71: 17–29.
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Velayati, M., Zamani, G.R., Jami Alahmadi, M., Rashed Mohassel, M.H., and Hosseini, S.A. 2011. The inhibitory effects of Chenopodium seeds on germination and seedling growth of maize and sorghum. Journal of Plant Protection 25: 1-7. (In Persian with English Summary)
121
Visani, V., Rahim Zadeh, S., and Sohrabi, Y. 2012. Effect of biological fertilizer on morphological, physiological characteristics and essence amount of basil. Iranian Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 28: 73-78. (In Persian with English Summary)
122
Yaghtin, S., Ardalan, M., Sharafa, M., and Alikhani, H. 2009. Effect of compost and vermicompost of municipal waste to increasing of micro-elements and decreasing of chemical fertilizer application. Environmental Sciences and Technology 11: 185-195. (In Persian with English Summary)
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
کاربرد تلفیقی کودهای شیمیایی و آلی و تأثیر آن بر خصوصیات رشدی چای ترش (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) در شرایط آب و هوایی مشهد
بهمنظور مطالعه اثرات کاربرد جداگانه و تلفیقی کودهای شیمیایی و آلی بر شاخصهای رشدی گیاه دارویی چای ترش (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) ، آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و 11 تیمار در سال زراعی 93-1392 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی عبارت بودند از 1- کود زیستی میکوریزا، 2-کود دامی (منبع گاوی)، 3- کود شیمیایی (NPK)، 4- ورمیکمپوست، 5- شیمیایی+ دامی، 6- شیمیایی+ ورمی کمپوست، 7- شیمیایی+ میکوریزا، 8- دامی+ میکوریزا، 9- ورمیکمپوست+ میکوریزا، 10- دامی+ ورمیکمپوست+ میکوریزا و 11- شاهد. نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین شاخص سطح برگ، میزان ماده خشک و سرعت رشد محصول بهترتیب در تیمارهای کاربرد منفرد کود شیمیایی (89/5)، تلفیق کود دامی+ شیمیایی (9887 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و میکوریزا+ شیمیایی (5/23 گرم بر مترمربع در روز) مشاهده شد و کمترین این صفات بهترتیب در تیمار شاهد (40/3)، تیمار میکوریزا+ دامی+ ورمی (7618 کیلوگرم هکتار) و تیمار کود دامی (9/16 گرم بر مترمربع در روز) بهدست آمد. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که بین عملکرد کاسبرگ با ارتفاع گیاه همبستگی مثبت بسیار بالایی وجود دارد. بهطورکلی، نتایج این پژوهش حاکی از آن بود که مصرف تلفیقی کودهای آلی و شیمیایی در مقایسه با کاربرد منفرد منابع کودی، اثرات مثبت بیشتری را بر صفات رشدی چای ترش به همراه داشت. توصیه میشود کشت این گیاه به صورت نشاء در گلخانه حداقل سه ماه قبل از کشت در زمین اصلی صورت گیرد. در صورت عدم کشت به صورت نشاء کشت این گیاه در این منطقه توصیه نمیگردد.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_36102_a37d5b72609374e542204b98f33fa117.pdf
2017-12-22
960
971
10.22067/jag.v9i4.42885
سرعت رشد محصول
شاخص سطح برگ
عملکرد کاسبرگ
کود زیستی
پرویز
رضوانی مقدم
rezvani@um.ac.ir
1
گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
قربانعلی
اسدی
asadi@um.ac.ir
2
گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
AUTHOR
فاطمه
رنجبر
fatemehranjbar65@yahoo.com
3
گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
AUTHOR
مهسا
اقحوانی شجری
mahsashajari@yahoo.com
4
گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
AUTHOR
روشنک
شهریاری
jan.roshanak_5720@yahoo.com
5
گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
AUTHOR
Akanbi, W.B., Olaniyan, A.B., Togun, A.O., Ilupeju, A.E.O., and Olaniran, A. 2009. The effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on growth, calyx yield and quality of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 3: 652-657.
1
Askari, A., and Solangi, M.S. 1995. Autecological studies of exotic plant Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), a multipurpose plant, for is introduction and culture. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 38: 17-21.
2
Dahmardeh, M. 2013. Effect of mineral and organic fertilizers on the growth and calyx yield of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). African Journal of Biotechnology 11: 10899-10902.
3
Duke, J.A. 2006. Ecosystematic data on economic plants. Journal of Crude Research 17: 91-110.
4
Gautam, R.D. 2004. Sorrel-lesser-known source of medicinal soft drink and food in India. Natural Product Radiance 3: 338-342.
5
Gendy, A.S.H., Said-Al Ahl, H.A.H., and Abeer, M. 2012. Growth, productivity and chemical constituents of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) plants as influenced by cattle manure and biofertilizers treatments. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 6: 1-12.
6
Joven, J., March, I., Espinel, E., Fernandez-Arroyo, S., Rodriguez-Gallego, E., Aragonès, G., Beltran-Debon, R., Alonso-Villaverde, C., Rios, L., Martin-Paredero, V., Menendez, J., Micol, V., Segura-Carretero, A., and Camps, J. 2014. Hibiscus sabdariffa extract lowers blood pressure and improves endothelial function. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research 58: 1374-1378.
7
Kamboj, V.P. 2000. Herbal medicine. Current Science 78: 35-39.
8
Kizilkaya, R. 2008. Yield response and nitrogen concentrations of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum strains. Ecological Engineering 33: 150-156.
9
Pimentel, D. 1993. Economics and energies of organic and conventional farming. Journal of Agriculture and Environment Ethics 6: 53-60.
10
Purseglove, J.W. 1968. Tropical Crops: Dicotyledons. Longman Scientific and Technical Press, Harlow, England 719 p.
11
Sadeghi, A.A., akhsh Kelarestaghi, K., and Hajmohammadnia Ghalibaf, K. 2014. The effects of vermicompost and chemical fertilizers on yield and yield components of marshmallow (Altheae officinalis L.). Journal of Agroecology 6: 42-50. (In Persian with English Summary)
12
Sanoussi, A., Hadiara, H.S., Yacoubou, B., Benoît, S., Issaka, L., and Mahamane, S. 2011. Yield character variability in Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). African Journal of Agricultural Research 6: 1371-1377.
13
Sarmdnia, G., and Koocheki, A. 2003. Crop Physiology. Jihadeh Daneshgahi Mashhad Press, Mashha, Iran. 400 p. (In Persian)
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ارزیابی چرخه حیات در بومنظامهای تولید گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) ایران: 1- مقایسه سطوح مصرف نهاده
در طی چند دهه گذشته تولید گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) در کشور با اتکاء به مصرف نهادههای شیمیایی افزایش قابل توجهی داشته است. با این حال پیامدهای محیطی مصرف این نهادهها برای انسان و منابع طبیعی به درستی مشخص نمیباشد. در این پژوهش مجموعهای از اثرات محیطی شامل تغییر کاربری اراضی، تخلیه منابع غیرقابل تجدید، پتاتسیل گرمایش جهانی، پتانسیل اسیدی شدن محیط، پتانسیل پر غذایی آب و خاک و سمیت اکولوژیکی برای انسان و محیط حاصل از بومنظامهای تولید گندم کشور با استفاده از روش استاندارد ارزیابی چرخه حیات از مبداء تولید مواد اولیه تا دروازه مزرعه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. مطالعه بر روی 14 استان که روی هم 80 درصد از سطح زیر کشت و تولید گندم کشور را شامل میشوند، به اجرا در آمد. ابتدا بومنظامهای واقع در این استانها بر اساس سطح مصرف نهادهها به سه گروه کم، متوسط و پر نهاده طبقهبندی و سپس در مرحله ممیزی کلیه نهادههای ورودی و نیز مواد انتشار یافته در محدوده مرزهای تعریف شده برآورد شدند. نتایج حاصل از ممیزی بر حسب دو واحد کارکردی (هکتار و تن دانه گندم) برای هر گروه تأثیر بر اساس واحد مربوط به آن گروه معادلسازی شد و در نهایت، تأثیر سطح مصرف نهادهها بر هر یک از اثرات محیطی مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که در واحد کارکردی هکتار با افزایش میزان مصرف نهادهها کلیه اثرات محیطی حاصل از بومنظامهای گندم به طور معنیداری افزایش یافت، ولی با محاسبه این اثرات بر حسب تن گندم به دلیل اختلاف عملکرد بین بومنظامها نتایج متفاوتی بهدست آمد. شدت تخلیه منابع غیر قابل تجدید (سوختهای فسیلی و منابع P و K) در نظامهای پر نهاده معادل GJ/ha 1/27 و تقریبا 8/1 برابر نظامهای کم نهاده بود در حالیکه براساس واحد عملکرد مقدار این انرژی در نظامهای پر نهاده تنها 10 درصد بیشتر از نظام کم نهاده بود، زیرا برای تولید هر تن گندم در نظام کم نهاده به 3850 متر مربع زمین نیاز است در حالیکه همین عملکرد در نظام پر نهاده از 2374 متر مربع بهدست میآید. بر این اساس عملکرد بیشتر بومنظامهای پر نهاده باعث شد تا در آنها پتانسیل اسیدی شدن، سمیت آبی و سمیت برای محیطهای خشک بر حسب واحد عملکرد کمتر از نظامهای کم و متوسط نهاده باشد. در حالیکه پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی، پر غذایی و سمیت برای انسان در نظامهای پر نهاده در هر دو واحد کارکردی وضعیت نامطلوبی در مقایسه با نظام کم نهاده داشت.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_36109_fa296b5e7918bf996b62c73765842d3c.pdf
2017-12-22
972
992
10.22067/jag.v9i4.45790
اثرات محیطی
بومنظام پر نهاده
پایداری
مصرف انرژی
مهدی
نصیری محلاتی
mnassiri@um.ac.ir
1
فردوسی مشهد
AUTHOR
علیرضا
کوچکی
akooch@um.ac.ir
2
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
LEAD_AUTHOR
Andersson, K., and Ohlsson, T. 1999. Life Cycle Assessment of bread produced on different scales. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 4: 25-40.
1
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2
Anton, A., Montero, J.I., Munoz, P., and Castells, F. 2005. LCA and tomato production in Mediterranean greenhouses. International Journal of Agricultural Resources Governance and Ecology 4(2): 102-112.
3
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4
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5
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6
Bennett, R., Phipps, R., Strange, A., and Grey, P. 2004. Environmental and human health impacts of growing genetically modified herbicide-tolerant sugar beet: a life cycle assessment. Plant Biotechnology Journal 2(4): 272-278.
7
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8
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9
Brentrup, F., and Ku¨ Sters, J. 2000. Methods to estimate to potential N emissions related to crop production. In: Weidema B, and Meeusen M, editors. Agricultural data for life cycle assessments, vol. 1. The Hague, The Netherlands: Agricultural Economics Research Institute p. 133-151.
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Brentrup, F., Kusters, J., Lammel, J., Barraclough, P., and Kuhlmann, H. 2004. Environmental impact assessment of agricultural production systems using the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology–2, the application to N fertilizer use in winter wheat production systems. European Journal of Agronomy 20(3): 265-279.
11
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12
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13
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14
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15
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Del Grosso, S.J., Mosier, A.R., Parton, W.J., and Ojima, D.S. 2005. DAYCENT model analysis of past and contemporary soil N2O and net greenhouse gas flux for major crops in the USA. Soil and Tillage Research 83(1): 9-24.
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20
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21
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22
Guinee, J. 2002. Handbook on Life Cycle Assessment. Operational Guide to the ISO Standards. (Ed.). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
23
Guinee, J.B., Heijungs, R., and Huppes, G. 2004. Economic allocation: examples and derived decision tree. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 9: 23-33.
24
Haas, G., Wetterich, F., and Kِpke, U. 2001. Comparing intensive, extensified and organic grassland farming in southern Germany by process life cycle assessment. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 83(1-2): 43-53.
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Hauschild, M. 2000. Estimating Pesticide Emissions for LCA of Agricultural Products. In: Weidema B, and Meeusen M, editors. Agricultural Data for Life Cycle Assessments, Vol. 2. The Hague, The Netherlands: LCANet Food p. 64-79 (Chapter 22).
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28
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29
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Khoshnevisan, A., Rafiee, S., Omid, M., Keihani, A., and Movahedi, M. 2013. Evaluation of energy and environmental indices of potato crop using life: A case study on fereidon shahr county, Esfehan province, Iran. Biosystem Engineering 44(1): 57-66.
31
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32
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35
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36
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39
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43
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47
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48
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49
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50
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51
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52
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55
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ارزیابی و مقایسه شاخصهای زیستمحیطی تولید ذرت (Zea mays L.) هیبریدی با سه روش مختلف برداشت در استان البرز به روش ارزیابی چرخه حیات
ارزیابی چرخه حیات، روشی است که اثرات زیست محیطی مرتبط با یک محصول در کل چرخه حیات آن ارزیابی می شود. در این مطالعه، شاخص های زیست محیطی در تولید ذرت هیبریدی با استفاده از روش ارزیابی چرخه حیات مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. به دلیل کوچک بودن حجم جامعه، سرشماری صورت گرفت و اطلاعات لازم از 30 مزرعه واقع در شهرستانهای کرج و نظرآباد استان البرز از طریق پرسشنامه استخراج گردید. تعداد ده شاخص زیست محیطی شامل پتانسیل اختناق دریاچه ای، پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی، پتانسیل اسیدی شدن، نقصان لایه اوزون، تقلیل منابع آلی، اکسیداسیون فتوشیمیایی، مسمومیت انسانی، مسمومیت خاک، مسمومیت آب های آزاد و مسمومیت آب های سطحی انتخاب گردید. یک تن ذرت هیبریدی تولیدی و دروازه مزرعه به ترتیب به عنوان واحد عملکردی و مرز سامانه انتخاب شدند. بیشترین آسیب به محیط زیست در بخش شاخص مسمویت آب های آزاد صورت گرفت. در روش برداشت با پیکرهاسکر، شاخص های زیست محیطی از قبیل پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی، اختناق دریاچه ای، مسمومیت انسانی، پتانسیل اسیدی شدن، تقلیل منابع آلی و اکسیداسیون فتوشیمیایی نسبت به دو روش دیگر بیشتر بود. با تغییر روش برداشت در شاخص مسمومیت خاک و نقصان لایه اوزون تغییر محسوسی مشاهده نشد. به دلیل مصرف بالای سوخت دیزل و الکتریسیته در روش برداشت دستی، شاخص مسمومیت آب های آزاد و مسمومیت آب های سطحی نسبت به دو روش دیگر برداشت بیشتر شد. در مجموع، روش برداشت ذرت هیبریدی با کمباین در مقایسه با دو روش دیگر بار محیطی کمتری ایجاد کرد.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_36071_8252d5c0e23430607635ef6ea22064c7.pdf
2017-12-22
892
909
10.22067/jag.v9i4.52447
انتشارات مستقیم
انرژی مصرفی
سوخت دیزل
عملیات آبیاری
نرمالسازی
مجید
خانعلی
khanali@ut.ac.ir
1
پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی تهران
LEAD_AUTHOR
بهزاد
الهامی
elhami.b@ut.ac.ir
2
پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی تهران
AUTHOR
هادی
اسلامی
hadi.eslami68@ut.ac.ir
3
پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی تهران
AUTHOR
سلیمان
حسین پور
shosseinpour@ut.ac.ir
4
پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی تهران
AUTHOR
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1
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3
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6
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14
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Khoshnevisan, B., Rafiee, S., Omid, M., Mousazadeh, H., and Sefeedpari, P. 2013a. Prognostication of environmental indices in potato production using artificial neural networks. Journal of Cleaner Production 52: 402-409.
16
Khoshnevisan, B., Rafiee, S., Omid, M., Yousefi, M., and Movahedi, M. 2013b. Modeling of energy consumption and GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions in wheat production in Esfahan province of Iran using artificial neural networks. Energy 52: 333-338.
17
Khoshnevisan, B., Rafiee, S., and Mousazadeh, H. 2013c. Environmental impact assessment of open field and greenhouse strawberry production. European Journal of Agronomy 50: 29-37.
18
Martinez-Blanco, J., Munoz, P., Anton, A., and Rieradevall, J. 2011. Assessment of tomato mediterranean production in open-field and standard multi-tunnel greenhouse, with compost or mineral fertilizers, from an agricultural and environmental standpoint. Journak of Cleaner Production 19: 985-997.
19
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20
Nemecek, T., and Kagi, T. 2007. Life cycle inventories of agricultural production systems. Final report ecoinvent V2.0: No. 15, Dübendorf, CH: Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories (http://www.EcoInvent.org/ documentation/reports).
21
Nemecek, T., Dubois, D., Huguenin-Elie, O., and Gaillard, G. 2011. Life cycle assessment of Swiss farming systems: I. Integrated and organic farming. Agricultural Systems 104: 217-232.
22
Ozkan. B., Akcaoz, H., and Fert, C., 2004. Energy input–output analysis in Turkish agriculture. Renewable Energy 29: 39-51.
23
Pourghasemian, N., and Moradi, R. 2017. Greenhouse gases emission and global warming potential as affected by chemical inputs for main cultivated crops in Kerman province: Horticultural Crops. Journal of Agroecology 9(3): 689-704. (In Persian with English Summery)
24
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25
Rahimyan, B. 2015. Determination of economic, energy and environmental indicators of some crops (sugarbeet, wheat and pea) in West Azarbaijan province (Boukan Region) using computional intelligence techniques. University of Tehran, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology pp. 129. (In Persian)
26
Reddy, K.R., and Hodges, H.F. 2000. Climate Change and Global Crop Productivity. CABI p. 488.
27
Suh, S., Lenzen, M., Treloar, G.J., Hondo, H., Horvath, A., Huppes, G., Jolliet, O., Klann, U., Krewitt, W., and Moriguchi, Y. 2004. System boundary selection in life cycle inventories using hybrid approaches. Environmental Science and Technology 38: 657-664.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
بررسی ابعاد مختلف پایداری در نظامهای تولید گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) و پسته (Pistacia vera L.) استان کرمان
تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی جنبههای مختلف اقتصادی، اجتماعی، زراعی و مدیریتی پایداری دو نظام تولید پسته (Pistacia vera L.) و گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) که غالبیت کشت را در استان کرمان دارا هستند، اجرا شد. اطلاعات مربوط به این نظامهای کشاورزی شامل سنجههای اجتماعی- اقتصادی، تولید محصولات زراعی و دامی، کود و نهادههای شیمیایی، مدیریت بقایای گیاهی، منابع آب و آبیاری، شخم و مکانیزاسیون، تنوع گونهای کشاورزی و مدیریت علفهای هرز در مناطق اصلی مورد کشت این دو گیاه در سالهای 1393 و 1394 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. بررسی ویژگیهای فردی کشاورزان نشان داد که میانگین سنی آنها در نظامهای تولید گندم و پسته بهترتیب حدود 43 و 39 سال بود. در هر دو نظام مورد بررسی، افراد با تحصیلات دیپلم بالاترین فراوانی را داشتند. میانگین عملکرد گندم 3460 و پسته 573 کیلوگرم در هکتار برای استان گزارش شد. نتایج نشان داد که میزان مصرف کود و نهادههای شیمیایی، در هر دو محصول و بهویژه در پسته بهشدت بالا بوده که این امر مغایر با اهداف کشاورزی پایدار میباشد. متوسط درآمد سالانه برای گندم و پسته بهترتیب 4 و 18 میلیون تومان بود. بررسی سنجههای مختلف پایداری نشان داد که شاخص پایداری در گندم 26/47 و در پسته 22/44 بود که هر دو در گروه تا حدودی ناپایدار قرار می گیرند. سنجههای مدیریت بقایای گیاهی در نظام تولید گندم و سنجه اجتماعی-اقتصادی در پسته نسبت به دیگر سنجهها از وضعیت مناسبتری برخوردار بودند. به طور کلی، نهادههای شیمیایی، آب آبیاری و عدم ثبات اقتصادی کشاورزان، اصلیترین مشکلات در زمینه پایداری بوده و برای حصول به پایداری باید جنبههای مختلف اقتصادی، اجتماعی، زراعی و مدیریتی مورد بازبینی و اصلاح قرار گیرد.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_36117_a67f996fec4a35548aba8fe7343b146d.pdf
2017-12-22
993
1006
10.22067/jag.v9i4.48500
جنبههای اقتصادی- اجتماعی
درآمد
سنجه
شاخص
مدیریتی
مهدی
نقی زاده
naghizadeh@uk.ac.ir
1
گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی بردسیر، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، ایران
AUTHOR
روح اله
مرادی
ro.moradi@stu-mail.um.ac.ir
2
گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی بردسیر، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
Aghapoor, M., and Rafiei, H. 2010. Effect of optimized crop rotation on sustainability of farmers income: Case study. Journal of Agricultural Economics Research 2: 81-92. (In Persian with English Summary)
1
Alibeigi, A., and Baboli, M. 2009. An assessment of the sustainability of agriculture practiced by wheat growing farmers in sarpole-zahab Township (application of DSR model). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research 1: 111-122. (In Persian with English Summary)
2
Andreoli, M., and Tellarini, V. 2000. Farm sustainability evaluation: methodology and practice. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 77: 43-52.
3
Arabion, A.G., Kalantari, K., Asadi, A., and Shabanali Fami, H. 2010. Measuring sustainability level of wheat cropping system in Fars province and determining affecting factors. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Extension and Education Journal. 5: 17- 28. (In Persian with English Summary)
4
Bajwa, A.A. 2014. Sustainable weed management in conservation agriculture. Crop Protection 65: 105-113.
5
Campiglia, E., Mancinelli, R., Di Felice, V., and Radicetti, E. Long-term residual effects of the management of cover crop biomass on soil nitrogen and yield of endive (Cichorium endivia L.) and savoy cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. sabauda). Soil and Tillage Research 139: 1-7.
6
Comer, S., Ekanem, E., Muhammad, S., Singh, S., and Tegegne, F. 1999. Sustainable and conventional farmers: a comparison of socio-economic characteristics, attitude and beliefs. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 15: 29-45.
7
Dehghani, M., and Abbasnejad, A. 2010. Assesing polution of groundwater of Anar plain as affected by nitrait, Cu and arsenic, cadmium. Journal of Ecology 56: 87-100. (In Persian with English Summary)
8
Gupta, G. 1997. A Curriculum in sustainable agriculture. Journal of Natural Resource and Life Science Education 26: 177-179.
9
Hasanshahi, H., Iravani, H., and Kalantari, K. 2009. An assessment of the levels of farming system sustainability among wheat growing farmers in agricultural production cooperatives (Fars Province). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research 2: 135-143. (In Persian with English Summary).
10
Hayati, D., and Karami, A. 1997. Creation of an index for assessing agro-ecosystems sustainability for using in economical- social researches. 1th Confernce of Agricultural Economic of Iran. Sistan and Baluchestan University. (In Persian)
11
Ito, T., Araki, M., Higashi, T., Komatsuzaki, M., Kaneko, N., and Ohta, H. 2015. Responses of soil nematode community structure to soil carbon changes due to different tillage and cover crop management practices over a nine-year period in Kanto, Japan. Applied Soil Ecology 89: 50-58.
12
Jalilian, J. 2012. Sustainability assessment of wheat-sugar beet agro-ecosystem (Case study: Piranshahr County). International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences 10: 609-615.
13
Kamkar, B., and Mahdavi Damghani, A.M. 2008. Principles of Sustainable Agriculture. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Press, Mashhad, Iran 225 p. (In Persian)
14
Koocheki, A. 1998. A Quantifying Approach for Evaluating Sustainable Agriculture in Iran. In: G.S. Dhaliwal, N.S. Randhawa, R. Arora, A.K. Dhawan (Eds.). Ecological Agriculture and Sustainable Development. pp. 451-457. India.
15
Koocheki, A., and Nassiri Mahallati, M. 2005. Evaluation of student's awareness from the principles of sustainable agriculture within Iran universities. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 2: 2-14. (In Persian with English Summary)
16
Koocheki, A., Nassiri Mahallati, M., Moradi, R., and Mansoori, H. 2017. Strategies of transition to sustainable agriculture in Iran I- Improving resources use efficiency. Journal of Agroecology 9: 618-637. (In Persian with English Summary)
17
Kramberger, B., Gselman, A., Kristl, J., Lešnik, M., Šuštar, V., Muršec, M., and Podvršnik, M. 2014. Winter cover crop: the effects of grass–clover mixture proportion and biomass management on maize and the apparent residual N in the soil. European Journal of Agronomy 55: 63-71.
18
Mahdavi Damghani, A. 2005. Quantifying ecological sustainability using systems aproch: Khorasan as a case study. PhD Thesis of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)
19
Mahdavi Damghani, A., Koocheki, A., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., and Nassiri Mahallati, M. 2005. Ecological sustainability of a wheat-cotton agroecosystem in Khorassan. Iranian Field Crop Research 3: 129-142. (In Persian with English Summary)
20
Mohamadianfar, A., Asgharipour, M.R., Sirousmehr, A., and Ramroodi, M. 2013. Study of ecological sustainability of the wheat in the city of Torbat-E-Jam. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science 23: 117-127. (In Persian with English Summary)
21
Pannell, D.J., and Schilizzi, S. 1999. Sustainable agriculture: a question of ecology, equity, economic efficiency or expedience? Journal of Sustainable Agriculture. 13: 57- 66.
22
Snedecor, G.W., and Cochran, W.G. 1976. Statistical Methods, 7th Ed. The Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.
23
Silva, G.L., Lima, H.V., Campanha, M.M., Gilkes, R.J., and Oliveira, T.S. 2011. Soil physical quality of Luvisols under agroforestry, natural vegetation and conventional crop management systems in the Brazilian semi-arid region. Geoderma 167: 61-70.
24
Smith, C.S., and McDonald, G.T. 2008. Assessing the sustainability of agriculture at the planning stage. Journal of Environmental Management 52: 15-37.
25
Smith, P. 2004. Carbon sequestration in croplands: the potential in Europe and the global context. European Journal of Agronomy 20: 229-236.
26
Verma, J.P., Kumar, D., Singh, V. and Meena, R.S. 2015. Current need of organic farming for enhancing sustainable agriculture. Journal of Cleaner Production 102: 545-547.
27
Xu, X., Hou, L., Lin, H., Liu, W. 2006. Zoning of sustainable agricultural development in China. Agricultural Systems 87: 38-62.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
بررسی توزیع جغرافیایی بارندگی و دمای بهینه در مرحله "کاشت تا سبز شدن" کلزا (Brassica napus L.) دیم با استفاده از GIS در استان خوزستان
شناخت چگونگی توزیع جغرافیایی بارندگی و دمای بهینه و در نتیجه استفاده کارآمدتر و تطابق بیشتر این منابع حین عملیات کاشت، جوانهزنی و سبز شدن گیاهان زراعی، لازمه هرگونه عملیات زراعی میباشد. لذا این تحقیق به منظور بررسی توزیع جغرافیایی احتمال بارندگی و دمای بهینه مرحله "کاشت تا سبز شدن" کلزا (Brassica napus L.) دیم در استان خوزستان انجام شد. در این پژوهش از دادههای روزانه 17 ساله هواشناسی و هچنین پارامترهای بارندگی مؤثر، تاریخ کشت و درجه روز رشد (GDD) استفاده گردید. درجه روز رشد (GDD) مناسب برای تکمیل مرحله "کاشت تا سبز شدن" کلزا از منابع مختلف استخراج گردید و با توجه بهمیزان بارندگی بهینه و دمای بهینه برای آن مرحله، توزیع جغرافیایی احتمال وقوع بارندگی بهینه و دمای بهینه در این مرحله رشدی کلزا دیم در محیط GIS حاصل گردید. نتایج نشان داد که توزیع جغرافیایی احتمال وقوع بارندگی بهینه و دمای بهینه برای مرحله "کاشت تا سبز شدن" کلزا دیم در نقاط مختلف استان خوزستان متفاوت میباشد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که نقاط مختلف استان خوزستان از نظر زمان شروع و پایان مرحله "کاشت تا سبز شدن" گیاه کلزا متفاوت می باشند که این میتواند بهدلیل وجود شرایط آب و هوایی و اقلیمی متفاوت در منطقه مطالعاتی باشد.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_36126_817dd13316eab26119173e59ef64489f.pdf
2017-12-22
1007
1019
10.22067/jag.v9i4.49563
اقلیم
امکانپذیری
درجه روز رشد
دمای پایه
رشید
چراغی
r.cheraghi3094@gmail.com
1
گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
محمود
رمرودی
mramroudi42@uoz.ac.ir
2
گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
AUTHOR
جواد
طایی سمیرمی
javadtaei.tvu@gmail.com
3
گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران
AUTHOR
شاپور
لرزاده
lorzadeh42@yahoo.com
4
گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شوشتر، ایران
AUTHOR
Alijani, B., and Doustan, R. 2006. Identify areas susceptible barberry cultivation in South Khorasan province using GIS. Journal of Geography and Regional Development 8: 13-33. (In Persian with English Summary)
1
Azizi, M., Soltani, A., and Khavari Khorasani, S. 2006. Rapeseed (Physiology, Farming, Breeding, Biotechnology) (Translation). Mashhad University Jihad Press, Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian)
2
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 2007. FAO Statistic Service, [Online]. Available at Web site: www.FAO.org/crop/statistics.
3
Kamali, Q.A., Sadaghianipoor, A., and Sedaqatkerdar, A. 2008. Investigation of climatic potential of rainfed wheat cultivation in East Azarbaijan province. Journal of Soil and Water (Agricultural Science and Technology) (22) 2: 467-483. (In Persian with English Summary)
4
Koocheki, A., and Srmadnia, Q.H. 1391. Crop Physiology, Mashhad, 17th Edition, Published by SID Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian)
5
Mahdavi, M. 2007. Applied Hydrology. Fifth Printing, Publishing and Printing Institute of Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
6
Qadami, N. 2010. Agriculture and Modified Oilseed Rape (Planting and Harvesting), Tehran, Volume I, Publications, Education and Agricultural Extension, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
7
Rahnama, A.A. 2006. Guide magazine promoting the planting and harvesting of rapeseed in Khuzestan. Khuzestan Agriculture Organization, Promotion and Management of Operating System. (In Persian)
8
Rasouli, S.J., and Qaemi, A. 2010. Climate temperature mapping using GIS needs based on canola cultivation in the province of Khorasan. Electronic Journal of Crop Production 3(1): 121-138. (In Persian with English Summary)
9
Rasuoli, A.A., Qasemi Golezani, K., and Sobhani, B. 2005. The role of precipitation and height of Ardabil province in determining appropriate areas for the cultivation of wheat using geographical information system. Journal of Geography and Development p. 183-200. (In Persian with English Summary)
10
Saeedi Tabar, H. 2006. The effect of irrigation on sensitive stages of canola growth. The Journal of Olive 174: 1-44. (In Persian)
11
Safi Khani, S. 2007. Evaluation of the 10 annual increase in production and yield of wheat in the country. Culture Magazine Industry 94: 23-34. (In Persian with English Summary)
12
Sari Saraf, B., Bazgir, S., and Mohammadi, Q.H. 2009. Climate zoning dryland wheat in the province of West Azerbaijan. Geography and Development Journal 13: 5-26. (In Persian with English Summary)
13
Sidlauskas, G., and Bernotas, S. 2003. Some factors affecting seed yield of spring oilseed raps (Brassica napus L.), Agronomy Research 1(2): 229-243.
14
Yazdi Samadi, B., Amiri Oqan, H., and Peyqambari, S.A. 2009. Applied Probability and Statistics. The Second Edition, Tehran University Press, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
بررسی مخاطرات زیستمحیطی حشرهکشهای پر مصرف در منطقه هشتگرد با استفاده از شاخص EIQ
در سالهای اخیر نگرانیهای زیادی درباره اثرات آفتکشها روی موجودات غیر هدف بهوجود آمده است. بقایای ناشی از مصرف سموم شیمیایی آفتکش سبب آلودگی محیطزیست گردیده و سلامتی انسانها را در معرض خطر جدی قرار داده است. محدوده مطالعاتی هشتگرد با وسعتی حدود 1170 کیلومتر مربع بدلیل نزدیکی به کلانشهر تهران و تمرکز تعداد زیاد واحدهای کشاورزی، صنعتی وخدماتی دارای موقعیت سیاسی- اقتصادی مهمی میباشد. این مقاله اثرات منفی حشرهکشهای عمده مصرف شده در منطقه هشتگرد و میزان ریسک بالقوه و محیطی آنها را با استفاده از شاخص تأثیر زیستمحیطی (EIQ) مورد بحث و بررسی قرار می دهد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان میدهد در میان حشرهکشهای عمده مصرفی در منطقه هشتگرد سمیت بالقوه ایمیداکلوپراید (کنفیدور) و تأثیر محیطی مزرعهای مالاتیون بیشتر بوده است. بیشتربن خطر در هر سه جزء کارگران مزرعه، مصرف کننده و اکولوژیک مربوط به سم ایمیداکلوپراید بود که این سم را به عنوان خطرناکترین حشرهکشعمده مصرفی در منطقه مطرح کرد. شاخص EIQ برای سموم ایمیداکلوپراید، دیازینون، مالاتیون و فوزالون بیشترین تأثیرپذیری را از بخش اثر اکولوژیک گرفته که بهترتیب 7/105، 75/81، 25/63 و 25/58 بوده است. در خصوص سم دلتامترین قسمت کارگران مزرعه بیشترین تأثیر را بر روی نمره نهایی EIQ داشته است. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که بر اساس شاخص تأثیر زیستمحیطی، بیشترین مخاطرات زیستمحیطی ناشی از سوم حشرهکش در منطقه هشتگرد بهدلیل عدم شناخت مناسب و انتخاب غیرصحیح برخی از حشرهکشها و استفاده بیش از اندازه آنها میباشد.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_36134_a19bbf50415a9b544bd56d3809637173.pdf
2017-12-22
1020
1030
10.22067/jag.v9i4.50487
آفتکش
اثر اکولوژیکی
ایمیداکلوپراید
دیازینون
سید جلال
یدالهی نوش آبادی
yadolahi.j20@gmail.com
1
پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج
LEAD_AUTHOR
محمد رضا
جهانسوز
jahansuz@ut.ac.ir
2
پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج
AUTHOR
ناصر
مجنون حسینی
mhoseini@ut.ac.ir
3
پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج
AUTHOR
غلامرضا
پیکانی
rpeykani@ut.ac.ir
4
پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج
AUTHOR
Bay Bordi, M. 2000. Production and Consumption of Chemical Fertilizer in Line with the Objectives of Sustainable Agriculture. Published Agricultural Education, Karaj p. 33-34. (In Persian)
1
Bues, R., Bussieres, P., Dadomo, Y., Garcia-Pomar, M.I., and Lyannaz, J.P. 2004. Assessing the environmental impact of pesticides used on processing tomato crops. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 102(2): 155-162.
2
Deihimfard, R., Zand, E., Damghani, A.M., and Soufizadeh, S. 2007. Herbicide risk assessment during the wheat self-sufficiency project in Iran. Pest Management Science 63(10): 1036-1045. (In Persian with English Summary)
3
Holvoet, K. 2006. Monitoring and modeling the dynamic fate and behavior of pesticides in river systems at catchment scale. PhD thesis, Ghent University, Belgium 242 pp.
4
Ioriatti, C., Agnello, A.M., Martini, F., and Kovachk, J. 2011. Evaluation of 330 the environmental impact of apple pest control strategies using pesticide risk indicators. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 1-8, DOI 10.1002/ieam.185
5
Kim, C. 2001. Developing Policies for Agriculture and the Environment, Korea Rural Economic Institute. 4-102 Hoegi-Dong, Dondaemoon-Ku Seoul, 130-710, Korea, 2001-12-01.
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Jansen, D.M., Stoorvogel, J.J., and Schipper, R.A. 1995. Using sustainability indicators in agricultural land use analysis: an example from Costa Rica. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 43: 61-82.
7
Kovach, J., Petzoldt, C., Degni, J., and Tette, J. 1992. A method to measure the environmental impact of pesticides. New York's Food and Life Sciences Bulletin 139(12): 1-8.
8
Levitan, L. 1997. A review of pesticide impact assessment systems. In: Workshop on Pesticide Risk Indicators, 21th–23th April, Copenhagen, Denmark.
9
Malakouti, M.J., Nafisi, M., Motesharezadeh, B., Khavazi, K., Masihabadi, M., Rezaei, H.H., Shahabi, A.A., and Bazargan. K. 2001. Production and balanced use of fertilizers as a worthy step toward self-sufficienct and a sustainable agriculture. Soil and Water Journal 12(14): 1-4. (In Persian with English Summary)
10
Metcalf, R.L. 1982. Insecticides in Pest Management. In: Metcalf, R.L. and W.H. Luckman. Eds., Introduction to Insect Pest Management, 2nd Ed., John Wily, NY p. 217- 277.
11
Moeinodini, S., Zand, E., Kambuziya, J., Mahdavi Damghani, A.M., and Deyhimfard, R. 2014. Environmental risk assessment of registered insecticide use in Iran using EIQ. Journal of Agroecology 6(2): 250-265. (In Persian with English Summary)
12
Sande, D., Mullen, J., Wetzstein, M., and Houston, J. 2011. Environmental impacts from pesticide use: A case study of soil fumigation in Florida tomato production. International Journal of Environmental Research in Public Health 8: 4649-4661.
13
Soltani, A., Rajabi, M.R., Soltani, E., and Zeinali, E. 2011. Evaluation of environmental impact of crop production using LCA: wheat in Gorgan. Final Report, Research Vice-Presidency, Gorgan University of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran p. 201-218. (In Persian with English Summary)
14
Turgut, C., and Erdogan, O. 2005. The environmental risk of pesticide in cotton production in Aegean region, Turkey. Journal of Applied Science 5(8): 1391-1393.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
بررسی تأثیر ورمیکمپوست، گل گوگرد و تیوباسیلوس بر برخی خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک و عملکرد ذرت دانهای Zea mays L.)) در منطقه دشت بخش جوین
بهمنظور بررسی اثر گل گوگرد،کود آلی ورمیکمپوست و باکتری تیوباسیلوس بر برخی خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک و عملکرد ذرت دانه-ایZea mays L.) ) (سینگل کراس 704) در منطقه دشت بخش جوین، آزمایشی بهصورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در 36 کرت آزمایشی در سال 1391 اجرا گردید. فاکتور گل گوگرد در سه سطحS0 = عدم مصرف،S1 = مصرف 500 کیلوگرم درهکتار،S2 = مصرف 1000 کیلوگرم در هکتار، کود آلی ورمیکمپوست در دو سطح =V0عدم مصرف، =V1 مصرف 5000 کیلوگرم درهکتار و فاکتور تیوباسیلوس که در دو سطح عدم مصرف (T0) و مصرف (T1) اعمال گردید. نتایج تجزیه واریانس دادهها نشان داد که ترکیب سه عامل گل گوگرد، کود آلی ورمیکمپوست و باکتری تیوباسیلوس بهصورت مستقل یا توأم با هم باعث افزایش هدایت الکتریکی (EC) و افزایش فراهمی فسفر، آهن، روی، سولفات قابل جذب و کاهش اسیدیته خاک گردیدند. درصد کربن آلی، نیتروژن کل، درصد رطوبت اشباع و درصد ظرفیت زراعی در تیمارهای بهخصوص دارای کود آلی ورمیکمپوست افزایش معنیداری نشان دادند. تیمار کاربرد ورمیکمپوست و سطح کاربرد 1000 کیلو گرم گل گوگرد بیشترین عملکرد دانه را بر میزان 1/9 تن در هکتار و کمترین عملکرد دانه در تیمار شاهد، عدم مصرف گل گوگرد و عدم کاربرد ورمیکمپوست حاصل شد. در یک جمعبندی کلی می-توان نتیجه گرفت که اثر متقابل مصرف گل گوگرد با کود آلی ورمیکمپوست و اثر متقابل کاربرد تیوباسیلوس و گل گوگرد بهطور معنیداری عملکرد دانه ذرت را افزایش داد.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_36147_a465f1851642c23e857a53619b6db111.pdf
2017-12-22
1031
1049
10.22067/jag.v9i4.50902
اسیدیته خاک
کودآلی
مایه تلقیح
هدایت الکتریکی
محمود
احمدی
ma_ahmadi@sbu.ac.ir
1
گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران
AUTHOR
شاهین
شاهسونی
shahsavani2001@yahoo.com
2
گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
حمید
عباس دخت
habbasdokht@yahoo.com
3
گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران
AUTHOR
حمید رضا
اصغری
hamidasghari@gmail.com
4
گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران
AUTHOR
شاهرخ
قرنجیک
gharanjik@hotmail.com
5
گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران
AUTHOR
Arnaud, C.M., Saint-Denis, J.F., Narbonne, P., Solerand and Ribera, D. 2000. Influences of different standardized test methods on biochemical responses in the earthworm Eisenia fetida andrei. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 32: 67-73.
1
Asgari, M., Habibi, D., and Brojerdi, G. 2011. Study on the application of vermicompost, growth stimulating bacteria and humic acid on growth index of peppermint in central province. Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding 7(4): 41-54. (In Persian with English Summary)
2
Aveyard, J. 1988. Land degradation: Changing attitudes - why? Journal of Soil Conservation, New South Wales 44: 46-51.
3
Azzazy, M.A., Makhsoud, M.A., and Haggag, L.F. 1994. Biological farming and sulfur application for improvement of Fe, Zn and Mn uptake by guava (Psidium guajava L.) seedlings grown on calcareous soil. Annals of Agricultural Science 39: 731-73.
4
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5
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ارزیابی عملکرد و جنبههای اکوفیزیولوژیک کشت مخلوط گوار (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) و آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) تحت تأثیر سطوح مختلف نیتروژن
کشت مخلوط عبارت است از کشت دو یا چند محصول زراعی بهطور همزمان در یک مزرعه. اصلیترین هدف کشت مخلوط، حصول عملکرد بیشتر در یک قطعه زمین و استفاده از منابعی که در غیر این صورت توسط یک نوع محصول نمیتوان مورد استفاده قرار داد. اهداف عمده کشت مخلوط شامل کاهش جمعیت آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی، کاهش فرسایش و حداقل رسانیدن هزینه نیروی کارگری در کنترل علفهای هرز هستند. به منظور ارزیابی جنبههای اکوفیزیولوژیک کشت مخلوط گوار (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) و آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) تحت تأثیر سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن، آزمایشی به صورت کرتهای خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پژوهشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل (چاه نیمه) در سال زراعی 92 -1391 اجرا گردید. عامل اصلی شامل سه سطح کود نیتروژن 0، 100 و 150کیلوگرم در هکتار و عامل فرعی، نسبت مختلف کشت شامل کشت خالص آفتابگردان، کشت خالص گوار، 75 درصد گوار+ 25 درصد آفتابگردان، 50 درصد گوار+ 50 درصد آفتابگردان، 25 درصد گوار+ 75 درصد آفتابگردان بود. نتایج تجزیه دادهها نشان داد که سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن، نسبتهای کاشت و برهمکنش آنها تأثیر معنیداری بر عملکرد زیستتوده دو گیاه آفتابگردان و گوار داشت. بالاترین عملکرد دانه آفتابگردان (33/1633 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از الگوهای کاشت 75 درصد گوار+ 25 درصد آفتابگردان همراه با مصرف 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژن و در گوار (7/4356 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از 75 درصد گوار+ 25 درصد آفتابگردان و کاربرد 150 کیلوگرم درهکتار کود نیتروژن بهدست آمد. سطوح مختلف کود و نسبتهای کاشت تأثیر معنیداری بر عدد اسپد در دو گیاه آفتابگردان و گوار داشت. بیشترین و کمترین مقدار نیتروژن خاک بهترتیب با میانگین 2/0 و 17/0 درصد از کشت خالص گوار و کشت خالص آفتابگردان بهدست آمد. بالاترین نسبت برابری زمین (73/2) از مخلوط 75 درصد گوار+ 25 درصد آفتابگردان بهدست آمد. در خصوص کنترل علفهای هرز، بیشترین وزن خشک علفهرز بهترتیب با میانگین 2/192 و 6/156 گرم در مترمربع از کشت خالص آفتابگردان و کشت خالص گوار بهدست آمد و کمترین میزان آن نیز با میانگین3/153 گرم در مترمربع از 75 درصد گوار+ 25 درصد آفتابگردان مشاهده شد. بالاترین عملکرد دانه در آفتابگردان و گوار بهترتیب در تیمار مخلوط 25 درصد گوار+ 75 درصد آفتابگردان و 75 درصد گوار+ 25 درصد آفتابگردان حاصل شد. همچنین میزان وزن خشک علفهای هرز مربوط به کشت خالص آفتابگردان بود، اما کشت خالص گوار و تمامی نسبتهای کشت مخلوط باعث کاهش وزن خشک علفهای هرز گردید.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_36155_58e394525a72e9e15e6b17d3b5d5834b.pdf
2017-12-22
1050
1069
10.22067/jag.v9i4.51084
الگوی کشت
عدد اسپد
علف هرز
کشت خالص
نسبت برابری زمین
مهدی
مومن کیخا
ikhammari@gmail.com
1
گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
AUTHOR
عیسی
خمری
khammari@uoz.ac.ir
2
گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
مهدی
دهمرده
dahmard@gmail.com
3
گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
AUTHOR
محمد
فروزنده
m.forozandeh@uoz.ac.ir
4
پژوهشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
AUTHOR
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Sirous Mehr, A., Gavanshir, A., Rahimzadeh Khouei, F., and Moghaddam, M. 2003. Intercropping between millet and vetch. Desert Journal 8(2): 250-263. (In Persian with English Summary)
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Sivasemardeh, A. 2003. Physiology, growth and yield of wheat under drought stress conditions. PhD thesis in agronomy, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)
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Sosulski, F.W. 1979. Food uses of sunflower proteins. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 56(3): 438-442.
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Tavasoli, A., Ghabari, A., Ahmadi, M., and Heidari, M. 2010. Effect of manure and chemical fertilizers on forage and seed yield of millet (Panicum miliaceum) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) at intercropping. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 8(2): 1-11. (In Persian with English Summary)
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TohidiNejad, A., Mazaheri, D., and Koocheki, A. 2004. Study of maize and sunflower intercropping. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi 64: 39-45. (In Persian with English Summary)
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Tsubo, M., and Walker, S. 2003. Relationships between diffuse and global solar radiation in Southern Africa. South African Journal Sciences 99: 360-362.
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Undersander, D.J., Putnam, D.H., Kaminski, A.R., Kelling, K.A., Doll, J.D., Oplinger, E.S., and Gunsolus, J.L. 1997. Alternative Field Crops: Guar. Available at Website www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/articles/guar.htm.
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Watiki, J., Mfukai, S., Band, J.A., and Keeting, B.A. 1993. Radiation interception and growth of maize/cowpea intercrop as an affected by maize plant-density and cowpea cultivar. Field Crops Research 35: 123-133.
52
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ارزیابی تأثیر کودهای شیمیایی و دامی بر تولید خالص اولیه، تنفس خاک و بیلان کربن در بومنظام زراعی گندم (L. Triticum aestivum) در شرایط آب و هوایی مشهد
این مطالعه بهمنظور بررسی بیلان کربن و مطالعه اثر کودهای شیمیایی و دامی بر تولید خالص اولیه، تنفس خاک و بیلان کربن در گندم پاییزه (L. Triticum aestivum) در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در دو سال زراعی 90-1389 و 91-1390 انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل؛ 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن (F1)، 250 کیلوگرم نیتروژن (F2)، کود دامی (M)، مخلوط کود دامی و 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژن (F-M)، تیمار شاهد (C) و یک تیمار بدون گیاه و بدون استفاده از کود، برای جداسازی تنفس هتروتروفی از تنفس خاک در نظر گرفته شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. بیلان کربنی در هر دو سال با استفاده از تکنیکهای اکولوژیک برآورد گردید. تولید خالص اولیه در تیمار F-M و F2 بهترتیب با 6294 و 6467 کیلوگرم در هکتار در سال اول و 6410 و 6260 کیلوگرم در هکتار در سال دوم بهطور معنیداری بالاتر از تیمارهای دیگر بود و کمترین میزان تولید خالص اولیه در دو سال آزمایش در تیمار شاهد با 2965 و 2740 کیلوگرم در هکتار بهدست آمد. بالاترین نسبت ساقه به ریشه (6) نیز در تیمار F2 مشاهده شد و کمترین میزان ساقه به ریشه در تیمار کنترل با 2/5 و 1/5 بهترتیب در سال اول و دوم بهدست آمد. روند جریان دی-اکسید کربن 250، 220، 200، 170، 160 و 55 میلیگرم کربن در مترمربع در ساعت بهترتیب در تیمارهای F-M، M، F2، F1 و تیمار بدون گیاه به-دست آمد. بالاترین تنفس سالانه خاک و تنفس هتروتروفی خاک در تیمار M-F بهترتیب با 3257 و 1150 کیلوگرم کربن در هکتار در سال اول و 3310 و 1250 کیلوگرم کربن در هکتار در سال دوم مشاهده شد و کمترین میزان تنفس خاک و تنفس هتروتروفی نیز در تیمار شاهد بهترتیب با 1878 و 745 کیلوگرم کربن در هکتار در سال اول و 1753 و 740 کیلوگرم کربن در هکتار در سال دوم آزمایش مشاهده گردید. بیشترین میزان تولید خالص اکوسیستم (NEP) در سال اول و دوم 5000 کیلوگرم کربن در هکتار بود که در تیمار M-F حاصل شد و کمترین آن در هر دو سال مربوط به تیمار شاهد با 2065 و 1825 کیلوگرم کربن در هکتار در سال بود. تولید خالص بیوم (NBP) تنها در تیمارهایی که کاربرد کود دامی داشتند مثبت بود و در بقیه تیمارها بیلان کربنی منفی مشاهده شد، بهطوریکه، بیشترین کاهش کربن در سال اول با 300 کیلوگرم کربن در هکتار و در سال دوم با 400 کیلوگرم کربن در هکتار در تیمار شاهد مشاهده شد و تیمار M با 1400 و 1200 کیلوگرم در هکتار افزایش سالانه کربن بالاترین تولید خالص بیوم را داشت. نتایج بهدست آمده از این آزمایش نشان داد که در صورت برداشت از اندام هوایی گندم به شکل رایج برای جلوگیری از کاهش کربن آلی خاک کاربرد کود دامی ضروری میباشد.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_36162_016b3e056ab44b0f31c5dd23825e2c26.pdf
2017-12-22
1070
1083
10.22067/jag.v9i4.51341
تنفس هتروتروفی
تنفس خاک
تولید خالص بیوم
تولید خالص اکوسیستم
یاسر
علی زاده
ya.alizadeh@stu-mail.um.ac.ir
1
گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایران.
LEAD_AUTHOR
علیرضا
کوچکی
akooch@um.ac.ir
2
گروه زراعت و اصلاح و نباتات، دانشـکده کشـاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
AUTHOR
مهدی
نصیری محلاتی
mnassiri@um.ac.ir
3
گروه زراعت و اصلاح و نباتات، دانشـکده کشـاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
تأثیر تراکم علفهرز و سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن بر شاخصهای رشدی ذرت (Zea mays L.)، تاج خروس ریشه قرمز (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) و ارزن (Panicum miliaceum L.)
به منظور بررسی تأثیر تراکم علفهرز و سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن بر شاخصهای رشدی ذرت (Zea may L.)، تاج خروس ریشه قرمز (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) و ارزن (Panicum miliaceum L.)، آزمایشی در سال 1388 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی تربیت مدرس به صورت فاکتوریل سه عاملی در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام پذیرفت. بر همین اساس، سه عامل کود نیتروژن (138، 184 و 230 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار)، گونه علفهرز (تاج خروس و ارزن) و تراکم علفهرز (بهترتیب 5 و 25 بوته در مترمربع برای تاج خروس و 5/7 و 5/37 بوته در متر مربع برای ارزن) در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین مقدار وزن ماده خشک کل (39/2429 گرم) در تیمارهای کنترل علفهرز و 230 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار بهدست آمد. ذرت در رقابت با علفهرز ارزن بیشینه سرعت رشد محصول را در تیمار کم علفهرز و 138 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار کسب کرد. همچنین ذرت در رقابت با تاج خروس بیشینه سرعت رشد محصول و بیشینه سرعت رشد نسبی را به ترتیب با مقدارهای 83/30 گرم بر مترمربع در روز و 055/• گرم بر گرم در تیمار کم علفهرز و 138 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار کسب کرد. بهطور کلی نتایج مشخص کرد، در مزراعی که علفهرزهای نیتروژن دوستی مانند تاج خروس غالب هستند، افزایش میزان مصرف کود نه تنها موجب افزایش ماده خشک و شاخص سطح برگ ذرت نمیشود، بلکه ضمن کاهش آنها، موجبات آلودگی بیشتر محیط زیست را فراهم میآورد.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_36174_9298052ca90682712c344dec1c9fc8e2.pdf
2017-12-22
1084
1098
10.22067/jag.v9i4.52787
رقابت
سرعت رشد محصول
شاخص سطح برگ
ماده خشک
نیتروژن دوست
وحید
محمدی
vamohammady@gmail.com
1
گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
AUTHOR
سجاد
رحیمی مقدم
sajadr.moghaddam@yahoo.com
2
گروه کشاورزی اکولوژیک، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
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33
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Sepehri, A., Modarres Sanavi, S.A., Gharehyazi, B., and Yamini, Y. 2002. Effect of water deficit and different nitrogen rates on growth and development stages, yield and yield component of maize (Zea mays L.). Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 4: 184-200. (In Persian with English Summary)
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44
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
تأثیر میکوریزا بر کاهش اثرات تنش خشکی در برخی خصوصیات رشدی تودههای محلی کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.)
بهمنظور بررسی اثرات دو گونه قارچ میکوریزا بر کاهش تنش خشکی روی عملکرد و صفات فیزیولوژیک هشت توده محلی کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.)، آزمایشی بهصورت فاکتوریل اسپلیت پلات بر پایه طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی هنرستان کشاورزی ارومیه در سال زراعی 93-1392 اجرا شد. فاکتور اول شامل سطوح مختلف آبیاری شامل آبیاری نرمال (آبیاری بعد از 70 میلیمتر تبخیر و تعرق گیاه)، تنش ملایم (آبیاری بعد از 90 میلیمتر تبخیر و تعرق گیاه) و تنش شدید (آبیاری بعد از 110 میلیمتر تبخیر و تعرق گیاه)، فاکتور دوم شامل تلقیح گونه قارچ میکوریزا در سه سطح گلوموس موسهآ، گلوموس اینترارادیسز و عدم تلقیح با قارچ میکوریزا و فاکتور سوم شامل هشت توده محلی کنجد به نام-های جیرفت 13، محلی طارم زنجان، محلی مغان، ناز چند شاخه، TC-25، TS-3، داراب 14 و دشتستان 5 بود. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش شدت تنش خشکی، تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه به جز وزن ویژه برگ، کاهش معنیداری یافت. تنش شدید خشکی عملکرد دانه و محتوای نسبی آب برگ را نسبت به تیمار شاهد بهترتیب بهمیزان 63 و 30 درصد کاهش داد. استفاده از دو گونه قارچ میکوریزا نسبت به حالت عدم استفاده، صفات عملکرد دانه (33 درصد)، شاخص سطح برگ (40 درصد) و محتوای نسبی آب برگ (20 درصد) را افزایش داد. ژنوتیپهای محلی مغان و محلی طارم زنجان از نظر عملکرد دانه و شاخصهای فیزیولوژیک بر سایر تودههای محلی برتری داشتند. بالاترین ضریب همبستگی بین عملکرد دانه با شاخص سطح برگ (**82/0=r) بهدست آمد. بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق، تودههای محلی مغان و طارم زنجان جهت کشت در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب و تنش خشکی ملایم و شدید، همچنین همزیستی قارچ میکوریزای گلوموس موسهآ با بذر کنجد جهت افزایش عملکرد دانه در شرایط مطلوب آبیاری و جلوگیری از کاهش بیشتر عملکرد دانه در شرایط تنش خشکی شدید توصیه میگردد.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_36177_2955de4b89aec7c73ab40a6e1de24074.pdf
2017-12-22
1099
1116
10.22067/jag.v9i4.53336
سطح ویژه برگ
شاخص سطح برگ
کم آبیاری
وزن ویژه برگ
اسماعیل
قلی نژاد
gholinezhad1358@yahoo.com
1
دانشگاه پیام نور مرکز ارومیه
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
تأثیر تغییر اقلیم برتولید سیبزمینی (Solanum tuberosum L.) در منطقه فریدونشهر اصفهان I- رشد و نمو
هدف از این مطالعه شبیهسازی اثرات تغییر اقلیم بر مراحل فنولوژیکی، شاخص سطح برگ، عملکرد زیستتوده و غده سیبزمینی (Solanum tuberosum L.) در شرایط تغییر اقلیم آینده منطقه فریدونشهر اصفهان بود. برای این منظور پیش بینی دو مدل گردش عمومی HadCM3 و IPCM4 تحت سه سناریوی A1B، B1 و A2 در سالهای 2030، 2060 و 2090 بهکار گرفته شد. برای شبیهسازی پارامترهای اقلیمی از مدل LARS-WG و برای شبیهسازی مراحل رشد سیبزمینی از مدل SUBSTOR-Potato و نرمافزار DSSAT استفاده گردید. نتایج ارزیابی مدل SUBSTOR-potato نشان داد مدل برآورد مناسبی (RMSE≤10) برای پیشبینی صفات عملکرد غده، حداکثر شاخص سطح برگ، روز تا گلدهی و روز تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک گیاه سیبزمینی در شرایط آب و هوایی فریدونشهر دارا میباشد. نتایج شبیهسازی نشان داد که در تمام سناریوهای مورد بررسی، رشد و نمو سیب-زمینی تحت تأثیر پدیده تغییر اقلیم در آینده قرار خواهد گرفت و عملکرد آن نسبت به سال مبنا کاهش خواهد یافت. بهطوریکه بیشترین کاهش عملکرد غده در سناریوی A2 و در سال 2090 برای هر دو مدل گردش عمومی HadCM3 و IPCM4 شبیهسازی شد. میزان کاهش عملکرد غده در سناریوی B1 نسبت به دو سناریوی دیگر کمتر بود. گیاه سیبزمینی در سناریوی A2 در مقایسه با دو سناریوی دیگر از شاخص سطح برگ کمتری برخوردار بود. همچنین طول مرحله کاشت تا گلدهی و مدت زمان رسیدگی سیبزمینی در منطقه فریدونشهر در شرایط تغییر اقلیم آینده نسبت به شرایط فعلی کاهش خواهد یافت که دلیل اصلی این کاهش، افزایش درجه حرارت (بسته به سناریوهای مختلف بین 1/1 تا 4/5 درجه سانتیگراد) و در نتیجه افزایش سرعت رشد گیاه در شرایط تغییر اقلیم آینده میباشد.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_36182_486d298f1a9c1d47f197a4429251ec7f.pdf
2017-12-22
1117
1135
10.22067/jag.v9i4.53529
سناریوهای انتشار
شبیهسازی عملکرد
مدل LARS-WG
مراحل فنولوژیکی
ظهراب
اداوی
z_adavi@pnu.ac.ir
1
گروه کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
محمود رضا
تدین
mrtadayon@yahoo.com
2
گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، ایران
AUTHOR
Afzali Nya, B. 2006. Agronomy Potato. Publications of Agriculture Organization, Jiroft, Iran. (In Persian)
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
پهنهبندی زمانی و مکانی اراضی مستعد کشت پنبه (Gossypium hirsutum L.) با استفاده از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (مطالعه موردی استان خراسان جنوبی)
در بین عوامل مختلف تأثیرگذار در تولید محصولات کشاورزی، شرایط اقلیمی از مهمترین متغیرهای محیط طبیعی است. از سویی دیگر، اساس توسعه کشاورزی، آگاهی دقیق از ویژگیهای محیطی در هر نقطه و اعمال مدیریت ویژه میباشد. پنبه (Gossypium hirsutum L.) بهدلیل داشتن ریشههای گسترده و نفوذپذیر و همچنین دارا بودن قابلیت تنظیم تعداد برگ و میوه زمانی که گیاه تحت شرایط تنش قرار میگیرد و نیز داشتن دوره قوزهدهی قابل انعطاف از گیاهان مناسب برای کشت در مناطق خشک و نیمهخشک محسوب میشود. بر این اساس، این تحقیق به منظور ارزیابی شرایط اقلیمی برای کشت پنبه در تاریخهای کشت مختلف در استان خراسان جنوبی در یک دوره آماری 25 ساله (۱۳۹۴-۱۳۷۴) صورت گرفت. بدین منظور، پانزده ایستگاه هواشناسی استان خراسان جنوبی انتخاب و به کمک محیط نرمافزاری GIS Arc مدلسازی و تحلیل فضایی صورت گرفت. با بهرهگیری از شرایط اقلیمی مطلوب در هر مرحله از رشد پنبه، لایههای اطلاعاتی کلاسبندی و ارزش وزنی هر کدام از عوامل مشخص گردید. در نهایت، بهمنظور همپوشانی لایههای اطلاعاتی با استفاده از روشهای تصمیمگیری چند معیاره مبتنی بر روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (AHP)، نقشههای نهایی مربوط به هر تاریخ کشت از نیمه اول فروردین تا نیمه اول تیر براساس عوامل اقلیمی برای کشت پنبه در استان خراسان جنوبی تهیه گردید. نتایج نشان داد که نقش هر یک از عناصر اقلیمی بارش و دما، متناسب با هر تاریخ کشت، در مناطق مختلف استان متفاوت بود و اهمیت آن بیشتر از عوامل زمینی بود و از بین همه تاریخهای کشت از فروردین ماه تا تیرماه، بهترین تاریخ کشت مربوط به نیمه اول و نیمه دوم اردیبهشت ماه بود، چون از نظر مساحت مناطق مناسب بهترتیب 56 و 68 درصد بیشترین مساحت را به خود اختصاص داده اند.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_36187_2a3f68cc9a581db57b4b576aba53c201.pdf
2017-12-22
1136
1148
10.22067/jag.v9i4.53655
اقلیم
تاریخ کاشت
سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی
سیده سعاد
حسینی
hosseini.soad@gmail.com
1
گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران
AUTHOR
محمدعلی
بهدانی
mabehdani@birjand.ac.ir
2
گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.
LEAD_AUTHOR
عباس
خاشعی سیوکی
abbaskhashei@birjand.ac.ir
3
گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران
AUTHOR
Alijani, B., and Doostan, R. 2007. Determine vulnerable areas barberry cultivation in South Khorasan province using GIS. Journal of Geography and Regional Development 8: 33-13. (In Persian with English Summary)
1
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2
Asgharpour, M.J. 2006. Multi Criteria Decision Making. Tehran University Press, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
3
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4
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19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ارزیابی تأثیر ورمیکمپوست و کود زیستی نیتروژنه بر عملکرد سرشاخهگلدار، میزان اسانس و جذب عناصرمعدنی (N, P, K) در گیاه دارویی مرزه تابستانه (Satureja hortensis L.)
بهمنظور بررسی تأثیر ورمیکمپوست و باکتریهای تثبیتکننده نیتروژن بر عملکرد و برخی ویژگیهای کیفی مرزه تابستانه (Satureja hortensis L.) ، آزمایشی در اراضی تحقیقاتی کشاورزی شرکت ران واقع در فیروزکوه و در سال 1394 بهصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با دو فاکتور شامل کود زیستی نیتروژنه در سه سطح (عدم تلقیح، تلقیح بذر با نیتروکسین و تلقیح بذر با سوپرنیتروپلاس) و ورمیکمپوست در چهار سطح (0، 5، 10 و 15 تن در هکتار) و در سه تکرار انجام شد. صفات مورد بررسی شامل وزن تر و خشک بوته، عملکرد سرشاخه گلدار، درصد اسانس و درصد عناصر نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم در اندامهای هوایی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین مقادیر وزن تر و خشک بوته و درصد اسانس با مصرف 10 تن ورمیکمپوست حاصل شد و بیشترین عملکرد سرشاخه گلدار، درصد نیتروژن و فسفر در اندامهای هوایی با کاربرد 15 تن ورمیکمپوست بهدست آمد. تلقیح بذر با کود زیستی سوپرنیتروپلاس باعث بیشترین مقادیر در صفات اندازهگیری شده در مرزه تابستانه شد. بیشترین درصد نیتروژن تجمع یافته در اندامهای هوایی نتیجه مصرف نیتروکسین بود. نتایج اثرات متقابل تیمارها نیز نشان داد که بیشترین مقدار پتاسیم در اندامهای هوایی از کاربرد 15 تن ورمیکمپوست همراه با سوپرنیتروپلاس حاصل شد.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_36194_e1544a8bf11f55a8cd35d35d4d28e3d2.pdf
2017-12-22
1149
1167
10.22067/jag.v9i4.54711
سوپرنیتروپلاس
سیستم تولید پایدار
ماده خشک
ماده مؤثره
نیتروکسین
محمد رضا
حاج سید هادی
mrhshadi@yahoo.com
1
گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رودهن، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
محمد تقی
درزی
mt_darzi@yahoo.com
2
گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رودهن، ایران
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ارزیابی بیلان انرژی و انتشار دیاکسید کربن در مزارع تولید گندم (Triticum aestivum L.)
بهرهگیری از مدیریت پایدار گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) بهمنظور افزایش عملکرد و بهینهسازی در مصرف نهادهها و حفاظت از محیط-زیست امری ضروری است. لذا، هدف از این پژوهش، ارزیابی بیلان انرژی و انتشار دیاکسید کربن در تولید گندم بود. برای انجام این تحقیق، ابتدا شش مزرعه کاشت رایج گندم در شهرستانهای جویبار، ساری و قائمشهر طی سال زراعی 94-1393 شناسایی شدهاند. سپس، با روش کاشت بهبود یافته (بر اساس زراعت کمنهاده گندم طراحی شده توسط محققان) مقایسه شدهاند. اطلاعات مربوط به انرژی ناشی از عملیات زراعی مزارع رایج و روش کاشت بهبود یافته ثبت و جمعآوری شدند. سپس، مصرف انرژی در هشت بخش شامل تهیه زمین، کاشت، کوددهی، حفاظت گیاه، کنترل علفهای هرز، آبیاری، برداشت و حمل و نقل به کارخانه طبقهبندی شدند. پس از آن، انرژی ورودی و خروجی، شاخصهای انرژی و پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی (GWP) ناشی از انتشار دیاکسید کربن برآورد شدند. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین کل انرژی ورودی در چهار روش کاشت برابر 61/11811 مگاژول در هکتار بود که کمترین میزان انرژی ورودی در روش کاشت بهبودیافته مشاهده شد. در بین تمامی ورودیها، انرژی مصرفی مربوط به نیتروژن با 03/38 درصد در رتبه اول قرار گرفت. انرژی سوخت و بذر در رتبههای بعدی قرار گرفتند. بیشترین انرژی تولیدی در روش کاشت بهبودیافته بهدست آمد که 34/36 درصد از آن مربوط به دانه و 66/63 درصد مربوط به کاه و کلش بود. میانگین انرژی ورودی تجدیدپذیر و تجدیدناپذیر در چهار روش کاشت بهترتیب برابر 28/3071 و 33/8740 مگاژول در هکتار بود. میانگین کارایی انرژی در روشهای کاشت برابر 57/14 بود که بالاترین میزان آن مربوط به روش کاشت بهبودیافته بود. همچنین، میانگین بهرهوری انرژی در چهار روش کاشت برابر 37/0 کیلوگرم بر مگاژول حاصل شد. میانگین پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی کل ناشی از فعالیتهای مختلف در روشهای کاشت برابر 56/798 کیلوگرم معادل CO2 در هکتار بود که بیشترین میزان انتشار دیاکسید کربن و گرمایش جهانی بهدلیل ورودی بیشتر مربوط به مصرف نیتروژن، سوخت و بذر بوده است. میانگین پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی در واحد وزن دانه در چهار روش کاشت برابر 2/184 کیلوگرم معادل CO2 در هر تن دانه بود. میانگین پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی در واحد انرژی ورودی و خروجی در روشهای کاشت نیز بهترتیب برابر 75/66 و 94/4 کیلوگرم معادل CO2 در گیگاژول بود. روش کاشت بهبودیافته با 35/4 کیلوگرم معادل CO2 در گیگاژول کمترین پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی را در واحد انرژی خروجی دارا بود. بهطور کلی، میزان GWP ارتباط مستقیمی با شیوه مدیریت مزرعه و مصرف نهادهها نشان داد که در نظام تولید بهبودیافته این شاخص در کمترین مقدار بود.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_36201_0887eb224c09fb7e9d5e3a03dbce2678.pdf
2017-12-22
1168
1193
10.22067/jag.v9i4.54771
تغییر اقلیم
گرمایش جهانی
نظام کاشت بهبودیافته
محمد
پازکی طرودی
mohammadpazouki@yahoo.com
1
گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرگان، ایران
AUTHOR
حسین
عجم نوروزی
ajamnorozei@yahoo.com
2
گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرگان، ایران
AUTHOR
عباس
قنبری مالیدره
aghanbarym@yahoo.ca
3
گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد جویبار، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
محمدرضا
داداشی
mdadashi730@yahoo.com
4
گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرگان، ایران
AUTHOR
سلمان
دستان
salmandastan@ymail.com
5
پژوهشکده بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
AUTHOR
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Kaltsas, A.M., Mamolos, A.P., Tsatsarelis, C.A., Nanos, G.D., and Kalburtji, K.L. 2007. Energy budget in organic and conventional olive groves. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 122(2): 243-251.
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27
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49
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
تعیین سطوح بهینه کودهای زیستی و محلولپاشی آهن بر عملکرد کمی و برخی ویژگیهای کیفی چای ترش (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)
بهمنظور بررسی اثرات کودهای زیستی و محلولپاشی آهن بر عملکرد و شاخصهای کیفی گیاه دارویی چای ترش (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) آزمایشی در مزرعه آموزشی- پژوهشی پژوهشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل در سال زراعی 1395-1394 به صورت کرتهای خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام گرفت. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل چهار سطح مصرف کود آلی شامل؛ شاهد، ورمی-کمپوست، کودگاوی، جلبک دریایی و سه سطح محلولپاشی آهن شامل؛ شاهد، محلولپاشی بهمیزان سه و شش سیسی در هزار بودند. تیمارهای کود زیستی عامل اصلی و سطوح مختلف محلولپاشی آهن عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل؛ عملکرد اقتصادی، بیولوژیک، شاخص برداشت، مقدار کلروفیل a، b و کاروتنوئید، آنتوسیانین، کربوهیدرات و میزان پروتئین بود. مصرف سطوح مختلف محلولپاشی آهن و تیمارهای کود زیستی و برهمکنش آنها بر تمامی صفات به جز شاخص برداشت در سطح یک و پنج درصد معنیدار شد. بیشترین مقدار عملکرد اقتصادی وزن خشک کاسبرگ چای ترش برابر با 60/587 کیلوگرم در هکتار با مصرف توام شش سیسی در هزار محلولپاشی آهن و کود زیستی جلبک دریایی به-دست آمد و بالاترین مقدار آنتوسیانین کاسبرگ (960/8 میکرومول برگرم وزن تر) در تیمار سه در هزار آهن و کود دامی حاصل گردید، همچنین غلظت شش در هزار محلولپاشی آهن سبب افزایش میزان کربوهیدرات و پروتئین سرشاخهها گردید. نتایج نشان داد که مصرف تلفیقی کودهای زیستی و محلولپاشی آهن، نسبت به مصرف جداگانه آنها می تواند در افزایش عملکرد و ویژگیهای کیفی چای ترش نقش موثری را ایفا کند.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_36208_89189f6cf4908d38da9f3312039465e4.pdf
2017-12-22
1194
1207
10.22067/jag.v9i4.56478
آنتوسیانین
پروتئین
جلبک دریایی
کلروفیل
ورمی کمپوست
زهرا
میر
mir.zahra.2045@gmail.com
1
گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
AUTHOR
مهدی
دهمرده
dahmard@gmail.com
2
گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
عیسی
خمری
khammari@uoz.ac.ir
3
گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
AUTHOR
جمشید
پیری
j.piri@uoz.ac.ir
4
گروه آب و خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
AUTHOR
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Sawan, Z.M., Hafez, S.A., and Basyony, A.E. 2001. Effect of nitrogen fertilization and foliar application of plant growth retardant and zinc on cotton seed, protein and oil yields and oil properties of cotton. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 186: 183-191.
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26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
بررسی باکتریهای ریزوسفری محرک رشد گیاهی و تنش خشکی بروی صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد نهایی در ارقام کلزا (Brassica spp. L.)
بهمنظور بررسی صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد نهایی ارقام کلزا متعلق به شش ژنوتیپ کلزای معمولی (Brasica napus L.)، شلغم روغنی (Brasica rapa L.) و خردل وحشی (Brasica juncea L.) در شرایط تنش و عدم تنش و کاربرد نژادهای سودوموناس، دو آزمایش (شامل مزرعه تنش و عدم تنش) در مزرعه تحقیقاتی ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی طرق مشهد، در سال زراعی90-1389، با طرح آماری فاکتوریل در قالب بلوکهای کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار به اجرا درآمد. بررسی صفات فیزیولوژیکی شامل شاخص برداشت، درجه سبزینگی، محتوی نسبی آب برگ تفاوت معنیداری را در میان محیط، رقم و باکتری در رقم نشان داد. تغییرات صفت محتوی نسبی آب برگ، از 23/64 درصد در تیمار باکتری سودوموناس پوتیدا (Pseudomonas putida) تا 32/60 درصد در تیمار عدم تلقیح متغیر بود. اثر باکتری بهصورت مجزا و مرکب با سایر تیمارها بر روی شاخص برداشت معنیدار شد. تفاوت معنیداری بین دو محیط و ارقام و برهمکنش محیط در رقم در مورد عملکرد دانه وجود داشت. عملکرد نهایی در محیط بدون تنش برابر 85/1351 کیلوگرم در هکتار بهطور برجستهای بالاتر از عملکرد در محیط تنش معادل 38/535 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. در بررسی صفات مرفولوژیک و اکوفیزیولوژیک این تحقیق هیبریدهای هایولا برتری خود را نشان دادند که این مهم منتهی به شکلگیری عملکرد بالاتر در این ارقام با 1381 کیلوگرم در هکتار در رقم هایولا 330 و 1083 کیلوگرم در هکتار در رقم هایولا 401 شد. درنتیجه، کشت این ارقام و کاربرد باکتری سودوموناس هم در شرایط فاریاب و هم تنش خشکی میتواند در جهت بهبود عملکرد و تخفیف شرایط تنش، مفید و ارزشمند باشد.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_36214_15e8ae69abec838c84280b79f2c23dd5.pdf
2017-12-22
1208
1226
10.22067/jag.v9i4.61808
ارتفاع
درجه سبزینگی
شاخص برداشت
محتوی نسبی آب برگ
نژادهای سودوموناس
پویا
آروین
pooya.arvin@gmail.com
1
دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
جواد
وفابخش
j.vafabakhsh@areo.ir
2
مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی طرق، مشهد، ایران
AUTHOR
داریوش
مظاهری
dmazaheri@ut.ac.ir
3
دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
AUTHOR
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