ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of growth indices and yield of canola (Brassica napus L.) in competition with wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) as influenced by different amount of nitrogen application
To evaluate the effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on growth indices and competitive ability of canola (Brassica napus L.) against wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.), a split plot trial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications, was carried out at Agricultural Faculty of Bu-Ali Sina University, during 2008-2009. Experimental factors were amounts of nitrogen fertilizer of urea at four levels (100, 150, 200 and 250 kgN.ha-1) and five wild mustard plant densities (0, 4, 8, 16 and 32 plants.m-2). The results showed that wild mustard interference led to reduction of leaf area index (LAI), dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area index duration (LAID), dry matter duration (BMD) and seed yield of canola, while these characteristics were increased with more nitrogen fertilizer application. The maximum indices were obtained at 250 kg N.ha-1 and weed-free condition, but generally, the least reduction in maximum LAI, CGR, LAID and BMD of canola affected by wild mustard competition occurred at 200 kg N.ha-1. In conclusion, the results showed that optimum level of fertilizer 200 kg N.ha-1, increased competitive ability of canola against wild mustard and improved yield and growth indices.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_28481_9c4227154540306dbae89ea50da6ec78.pdf
2010-12-22
537
547
10.22067/jag.v2i4.8697
Crop Growth Rate
Dry matter accumulation
Interference
Leaf Area Index
G.
Ahmadvand
gahmadvand@basu.ac.ir
1
AUTHOR
B.
Saadatian
bijan.saadatian@mail.um.ac.ir
2
AUTHOR
1- Bagherani, N., and Ghadiri, H. 1995. Effect of chemical and mechanical scarification, giberelic acid and temperature on wild mustard germination (Abstract). 12th Congress of Plant Protection, Karaj, Iran. Pp 14. (In Persian)
1
2- Black Shaw, R.E., Anderson, G.W., and Dekker, J. 1987. Interference of wild mustard (sinapis arvensis L.) and French mercury (Chenopodium album L.) in spring rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Weed Research 27: 31-34.
2
3- Blackshaw, R.E., Brandt, R.N., Janzen, H.H., Entz, T., Grant, C.A., and Derksen, D.A. 2003. Differential response of weed species to added nitrogen. Weed Science 51: 532-539.
3
4- Bosnic, A., and Swanton, C.J. 1997. Influence of barnyardgrass (Echinocloa crus-gali) time of emergence and density on corn (Zea mays). Weed Science 45: 276-282.
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5- Cathcart, R.j., and Swanton, C.J. 2004. Nitrogen and green foxtail (Setaria viridis) competition effects on corn growth and development. Weed Science 52: 1039-1049.
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6- Cousens, R. 1985. A simple model relating yield loss to weed density. Annual Applied Biology 107: 239-252.
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7- Crotser, M.P., and Witt, W.W. 2000. Effect of soybean canopy characteristics, soybean interference and weed-free period on eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum) growth. Weed Science 48: 20-26.
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8- Fernandez, O.N., Vignolio, O.R., and Requesens, E.C. 2002. Competition between corn (Zea mays) and bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) in relation to the crop plant arrangement. Agronomy Journal 22: 293-305.
8
9- Graham, D.L., Steiner, J.L., and Wicse, A.F. 1988. Light absorbtion and competition in mix sorghum-pigweed commutities. Agronomy Journal 80: 415-418.
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10- Haefele, S.M., Johnson, D.E., Bodj, D.M., Wopereis, M.C.S., and Miezan, K.M. 2004. Field screening of diverse rice genotypes for weed competitivness in irrigated lowland ecosystems. Field Crop Research 88: 39-56.
10
11- Hajilari, A., 2005. Canola: Planting and Harvesting. Agriculture Organization of Golestan, 56pp. (In Persian)
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12- Harker, K.N., Clayton, G.W., ODonovan, J.T., and Blackshaw, R.E. 2001. Canola variety and seeding rate effects on weed management and yield. (Abstract), Weed Science Society American 41:25.
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13- Holm, L., Doll, J., Holm, E., Pancho, J., and Herberger, J. 1997. World Weeds, Natural Histories and Distribution. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York. 1129 pp.
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14- Kazemi Poshtmassari, H., Pirdashti, H., Bahmanyar, M.A., and Nasiri, M. 2007. Study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer rates and split application on yield and yield components of different rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Pajouhesh v Sazandegi 75:68-77. (In Persian With English Summary)
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15- Koocheki, A., and Sarmadnia, G. 2006. Physiology of Crop Plants (Translated). Mashhad Jihad University Press, 400pp. (In Persian)
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16- Mohajeri, F., and Ghadiri, H. 2003. Competition of different density of Wild mustard (Brassica kaber) with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) in different amount of nitrogen fertilizer. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science 34(3): 527-537. (In Persian With English Summary)
16
17- MacMullan, P.M., Daun, J.K., and DeClercq, D.R. 1994. Effect of wild mustard (Brassica kaber) competition on yield and quality of triazine-tolerance and triazine-susceptible canola (Brassica napus and Brassica rapa). Canadian Journal Plant Science 74: 369-374.
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18- Ngouajio, M., McGiffen Jr.M.E., and Hembree, K.J. 2001. Tolerance of tomato cultivar to velvetleaf interference. Weed Science 49: 91-98.
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19- Ni, H., Moody, K., Robles, R.P., Paller, E.C., and Lales, J.S. 2000. Oryza sativa plant traits conferring competitive ability against weeds. Weed Science 48: 200-204.
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20- Norris, R.F., Elmore, C. L., Rejmank, M., and Akey, W.C. 2001. Spatial arrangement, density, and competition between barnyardgrass and tomato: I. Crop growth and yield. Weed Science 49: 61-68.
20
21- Samaei, M., Zand, E., and Daneshian, J. 2004. The effects of different densities of pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) on growth indices of soybean (Glycine max L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research 2(1): 13-24. (In Persian With English Summary)
21
22- Safahani Langrodi1, A.S., Kamkar, B., Zand, E., Bagherani, N., and Bagheri, M. 2007. The effect of growth indices in competitive ability of some canola (Brasica napus) cultivars against wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis). Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research 5(2): 301-313. (In Persian With English Summary)
22
23- Safahani Langrodi, A.S., Kamkar, B., Zand, E., and Baghestani, M.A. 2008. Evaluation of ability tolerance competition of canola cultivars to wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) using some empirical models in Golestan province. Journal Agriculture Science Natural Resource 15(5): 101-111. (In Persian With English Summary)
23
24- Traore, S., Mason, S.C., Martin, A.R., Mortensen, D.A., and Spotanski, J.J. 2003. Velvetleaf interference effects on yield and growth of grain sorghum. Agronomy Journal 95: 1602-1607.
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25- Uhart, S.A., and Andrade, F.H. 1995. Nitrogen deficiency in maize: I. Effects on crop growth, development, dry matter partitioning and kernel set. Crop Science 35: 1376-1383.
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26- Van Acker, R.C., Swanton, C.J., and Weise, S.F. 1993. The critical period of weed control in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) growth. Canadian Journal Plant Science 73: 1293-1304.
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27- Van Acker, R.C., and Oree, R. 1999. Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and wild mustard (Brassica kaber) wheller interference in canola (Brassica napus). Weed Science Society American PP. 119.
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28- Zand, E., and Beckie, H.J. 2002. Competitive ability of hybrid and open pollinated canola (Brassica napus) with wild oat (Avena fatua). Canadian Journal of Plant Science 82: 473-480.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Qualitative and qualitative characteristics of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) in response to organic, biological and chemical fertilizers
In order to evaluate the effects of organic, biological and chemical fertilizers on yield and yield components of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.), an experiment was conducted at the Research Station of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad based on complete randomized block design with three replications and six treatments during year 2007. Treatments included inoculated seeds with Azotobacter, compost, vermicompost, combination of both Azotobacter and compost treatments, chemical NPK fertilizer and control (without any fertilizer). The traits such as number of branches per plant, plant height, number of inflorescences per plant, inflorescence diameter, number of seeds per capitol, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index, oil percentage, silymarin percentage, silybin percentage, oil yield and silymarin yield were measured. The results showed that application of different types of organic fertilizers had no effect on yield components, but had significant effect on oil percentage of oil, silymarin and silybin of seed. Compost application resulted the highest oil percentage (20.1) compared to other treatments. There was no significant difference between control, chemical fertilizer, compost and Azotobacter treatments on silymarin percentage. In terms of silybin percentage, there was no significant difference between control, compost, Azotobacter and aztobacter+compost treatments. The chemical fertilizer treatment showed the lowest silybin percentage (16.4). There was a positive correlation between plant height and seed yield (r=0.68**). It seems that biofertilizers can consider as a replacement for chemical fertilizers in Milk thistle medicinal plant production.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_28522_734e586d131d1d5e9405de4821766cda.pdf
2010-12-22
548
555
10.22067/jag.v2i4.8783
Morphological characteristic
Seed oil
Silibin
Silymarin
Rostam
Yazdani Biuki
ro_ya919@stu-mail.um.ac.ir
1
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Parviz
Rezvani Moghaddam
rezvani@um.ac.ir
2
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hamid Reza
Khazaie
h.khazaie@um.ac.ir
3
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Alireza
Astaraei
astaraei@um.ac.ir
4
Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
1- Almasiyan, F. 2005. Effect of urban waste compost effluent upon chemical characteristics of soil, yield and yield components of wheat. M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)
1
2- Ardakani, M., Sani, B., Noormohamadi, G.H., Khosravi, H., and Farahbakhsh, A. 2008. Comparison of biological fertilizers inoculation on soybean yield productivity and performance, proceeding of the 2nd National Iranian Agroecology Conference, Gorgan, Iran, p. 231. (In Persian)
2
3- Astaraei, A., and Koochaki, A. 1997. Using of Biological Fertilizers in Sustainable Agriculture. Jahadeh Daneshghahi Publisher, Mashhad, p. 168. (In Persian)
3
4- Biyari, A., Gholami, A., and Asadi Rahmani, H. 2008. Sustainable production and improvement of nutrient absorption by maize in reaction to seed inoculation by PGPR. Proceeding of the 2nd National Iranian Agroecology Conference, Gorgan, Iran, p. 8. (In Persian)
4
5- Davarinezhad, G.H., Haghnia, G.H., and Lakziyan, A. 2003. Effect of animal manure and Compost fertilizers on wheat yield. Agriculture Sciences and Technology 18: 101-108. (In Persian with English Summary)
5
6- Dewick, P.M. 1998. Medicinal Natural Products. A biosynthetic Approach. John Wiley and Sons.
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7- Frankenberger, J.W., and Arshad, T.M. 1995. Phytohormones in Soils: Microbial Production and Function. Marcel and Deckker, New York. 503 pp.
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8- Ghassemidehkordi, N., and Taleb, A. 2002. Extraction, Identification and Determination of Medicinal Plants Compounds. Chogan Publisher, Tehran Iran (In Persian)
8
9- Gigliotti, G., Businelli, D., and Giusquiani, P.L. 1996. Trace metals uptake and distribution in corn plants grown on a 6-year urban waste compost amended soil. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 58: 199–206.
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10- Governog, J., Gaskin, J., Faucette, B., and Borden, D. 2003. The Compost white paper (large-scale composting in Georgia). Prepared for the pollution preventation Assistance Division. Departmeut of Natural Resource Atlanta, Georgia.
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11- Gutierrez, F.A., Santiago, J., Molina, J.A.M., Nafate, C.C., Abud, M., Llaven, M.A.O., Rincon, R., and Dendooven, L. 2007. Vermicompost as a soil supplement to improve growth, yield and fruit quality of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum). Bioresource Technology 98: 2781-2786.
11
12- Haj Seyed Hadi, M.R., Dorzi, M.T., and Sharifi Ashoorabadi, E. 2008. Study the effects of conventional and low input production system on quantitative and qualitative yield of Silybum marianum L. 2nd Conference of the International Society of Organic Agriculture Research ISOFAR, Modena, Italy.
12
13- Hassanlu, T., Khavarinejad, R.A., and Majidi Heravan, E. 2007. Evaluation of phenotypic coefficient and flavonolignans content in dried fruits of cultivated and endemic Silybum marianum L. gaertin. Journal of Medicinal Plants 22: 77-90. (In Persian with English Summary)
13
14- Khandan, A. 2005. Effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on soil chemical and physical characteristics and Isabgol. M.Sc. Thesis, Fac. Agric. Ferdowsi Univ. of Mashhad. Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)
14
15- Khosh Goftarmanesh, A.H., and Kalbassi, M. 2002. Effect of residual processed municipal waste leachated on soil properties, and wheat growth and yield. Journal of Sciences and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources 6(3): 141-148. (In Persian with English Summary)
15
16- Khosravi, H. 1998. Survey on abundance and distribution of Azotobacter chorocucum in Tehran agricultural soils and study of some physiological characteristics. M.Sc. Thesis, Fac. Agric. Tehran University, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)
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17- Leithy, S., El-Meseiry, T.A., and Abdallah, E.F. 2006. Effect of biofertilizers, cell stabilizer and irrigation regime on Rosemary herbage oil yield and quality. Journal of Applied Research 2: 773-779.
17
18- McNeil, D.L. 1989. Factors affecting the field establishment of plantago ovata Forsk. in northern Australia. Tropical Agriculture 66: 61-64.
18
19- Naderi, M., Oliyazade, N., Jamshidi, A., Ahmadi Ashtiyani, H., Jahfarzade, M., Taheri Brujerdi, M., Afzar, K., and Malakotiyan, M. 2008. A key for thousand lock, comprehensive overview on silymarin as a phyto drug and introduction of Milk Thistle. Noavaran Publisher, Tehran. (In Persian with English sumary).
19
20- Omer, E.A., Ahmed, S.S., Ezz-El-Din, A.A., and Fayed, T.B. 1998. Seed yield of Silybum marianum L. as affected by row spacing and fertilization in new reclaimed lands of Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Horticulture 25: 281-293.
20
21- Omidbaigi, R. and Nobakht, A. 2001. Nitrogen fertilizer affecting growth, seed yield and active substances of Milk thistle. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 4: 1345-1349.
21
22- Omidbigi, R. 2006. Approaches Processing Medicinal Plants. Vol.1, Astan Ghods Razavi publisher, Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian)
22
23- Ramesh, M.N., Farooqi, A.A., and Subbaiah, T. 1989. Influence of sowing date and nutrient on growth and yield of Isabgol. Field Crops Research 2: 169-174.
23
24- Robin, A., Szmidt, R.A.K., and Dickson, W. 2001. Use of compost in agriculture, Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs). Remade Scotland. pp. 324- 336.
24
25- Saburi, A. 2007. Comparison of the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on yield, yield components and of oil percentage in three sesame cultivars. M.Sc. Thesis, Fac. Agric. Ferdowsi Univ. of Mashhad. Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)
25
26- Schunke, U. 1992. Holy thistle, first experience with cultivation and harvest. Landtechnik 47: 548-550.
26
27- Shakela, R.R., pated, C.A., and Tikka, S.B.S. 1984. Effect of nitrogen application on the yield, nitrogen content and uptake by Isabgul. Carcia deorta, Estudos Agronomics 11:1-4.
27
28- Silispur, M. 1998. Feasibility of using from urban waste compost in agriculture wheat. Proceeding of 2th National Conference on Optimum Use of Fertilizers and insecticides in Agriculture. p. 126. (In Persian).
28
29- Singh, A.K., Bisen, S.S., Singh, R.B, and Biswas, S.C. 1998. Effectiveness of compost towards increasing productivity of some medicinal plants in skeletal soil. Advances in Forestry Research in India 18: 64-83.
29
30- Sotomayor, R.I. 1979. Re use compost as organic fertilizer compared with chemical fertilizer. Agricultural and Technical 9: 152-157.
30
31- Tabrizi, L. 2005. Effect of water stress and manure on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Psyllium. M.Sc. Thesis, Fac. Agric. Ferdowsi Univ. of Mashhad. Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)
31
32- Youssef, A.A., Edris, A.E., and Gomaa, A.M. 2004. A comparative study between some plant growth regulators and certain growth hormones producing microorganisms on growth and essential oil composition of Salvia officinalis L. Plant Annals of Agricultural Science 49: 299-311.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of ecophysiological characteristics of intercropping of millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)
In order to evaluate millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) intercropping, an experiment was conducted during 2008-2009 at Agriculture Research Center of Zabol University, Iran. The experiment was as randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatment s consisted of sole crop of millet, sole crop of cowpea, 25% millet + 100% cowpea, 50% millet + 50% cowpea, 75% millet + 100% cowpea and 100% millet + 100% cowpea. The results showed that intercropping treatments had significant effect (P < 1%) on millet and bean seed yield, LER, dry matter of weeds, PAR, temperature and (P < 5%) on soil moisture content. The highest seed yield of millet and cowpea obtained from treatments of sole crops. The LER for most intercrops was greater than one which indicated that intercropping had advantage over sole crop. For weeds management and control the results indicated that weed suppressing effects in intercropping treatments is better than sole crops treatment, so that the lowest dry matter of weeds obtained from 100% millet + 100% cowpea treatment. PAR in all of stages showed that the highest PAR interception obtained from intercropping treatments specially 100% millet + 100% cowpea treatment. In addition to the lowest of soil moisture content and temperature obtained from this treatment.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_28560_2831cb09f7c582d4cb0621fb21d50c51.pdf
2010-12-22
556
564
10.22067/jag.v2i4.8784
Intercropping
LER
Weed control
yield
Ahmad
Ghanbari
ghanbari@uoz.ac.ir
1
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad
Nasirpour
2
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran
AUTHOR
Abolfazl
Tavassoli
abolfazl202060@yahoo.com
3
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran
AUTHOR
1- Alizadeh, A. 2004. Soil, Water, Plant Relationship. Astan-e Ghods-e Razavi Press. pp. 470. (In Persian)
1
2- Alford, C.M., Kral, J.M., and Miller, D.S. 2003. Intercropping irrigated corn with annual legumes for forage in the high plains. Agronomy Journal 95: 520-525.
2
3- Banik, P., Midya, A., Sarkar, B. K., and Ghose, S.S. 2006. Wheat and chickpea intercropping systemes in additive series experiment: Advantages and Somthering. European Journal of Agronomy 24: 324-332.
3
4- Bryan, W.B., and Moteru, M.B. 1987. Intercropping maize with climbing bean, cowpeas and velvet beans. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 159: 245-250.
4
5- Ghanbari-Bonjar, A., and Lee, H.C. 2003. Intercropped wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and bean (Vicia faba L.) as whole-crop forage: effect of harvest time on forage yield and quality. Grass and Forage Science 58 (1): 28–36.
5
6- Ghanbari, A., Ghadiri, H., and Jokar, M. 2007. Effect of intercropping of maize and cucumber on controlling weeds. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi in Agronomy and Horticulture 73: 193-199. (In Persian with English Summery)
6
7- Hosseini, S.M.B., Mazaheri, D., Jahansouz, M., and Yazdi Samadi, B. The effects of nitrogen levels on yield and yield components of forage millet (Pennisetum americanum) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in intercropping system. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi in Agronomy and Horticulture. 16 (59): 60-67. (In Persian with English Summery)
7
8- Javanshir, A., Dabbagh, A. and Hamidi, A. 2000. The ecology of intercropping. Jahad-e Daneshgahi of Mashhad Press. p: 222. (In Persian)
8
9- Koocheki, A. 2001. Sustainable Agriculture. Jahad-e Daneshgahi of Mashhad Press. pp. 316. (In Persian)
9
10- Mazaheri, D. 1998. Intercropping. Press of Tehran University. Pp. 341. (In Persian)
10
11- Mohammed, I.B., Olufajo, O., Singh, B., Miko, S., and Mohammed, S.G. 2008. Growth and development of components of millet/cowpea intercrop in northern Nigeria. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science.
11
12- Movahhedi Dehnavi, M. Mazaheri, D., and Bnkesaz, A. 2001. Effect of bean on weed control maize. Journal of Biaban 6 (2): 71-85. (In Persian with English Summery)
12
13- Prins, U., and De Wit, J. 2005. Intercropping Cereals and Grain legumes: A Farmers Perspective: Louis Bolk Institute, Livestock Department, Netherland.
13
14- Saban, Y., Mehmt, A., and Mustafa, E. 2007. Identification of advantage of Maize- Legume Intercropping over Solitary Cropping through Competition Indices in the Esat Mediterranean Region. Turkish Journal of Agriculture 32: 111 – 119.
14
15- Samarajeewa, K.B.D.P., Takatsugu, H., and Shinyo, O. 2006. Finger millet (Eleucine corocanal L. Gaertn) as a cover crop on weed control, growth and yield of soyabean under diffrent tillage systems. Soli and Tillage Research 90: 93-99.
15
16- Sanjani, S., Hosseini, M.B., Chaichi, M.R. and Rezvan Beidokhti, S. 2009. Effect of additive intercropping sorghum: cowpea on weed biomass and density in limited irrigation system. Iranian Journal of Agronomy Research 7 (1): 85-95. (In Persian with English Summery)
16
17- Shetty, S.V.R. and Rao, A.N. 1981. Weed management studies in sorghum/pigeonpea and pearl millet/grandunt intercrop systems. Some observations, in Proc, Lnt, Workshop intercropping. ICRISAT. Hydarabad, India. Pp. 238-248.
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18- Sirousmehr, A., Javanshir, A., Rahimzadeh Khoye, F., and Moghaddam, M. 2003. Pearl millet and common vetch intercropping. Journal of Biaban 2: 250-263. (In Persian with English Summery)
18
19- Tavassoli, A. Ghanbari, A., Ahmadi, M. M., and Heydari, M. 2010. The effect of fertilizer and manure on forage and grain yield of millet (panicum miliaceum) and bean (phaseolus vulgaris) in intercropping. Iranian Journal of Agronomy Research 8 (2): 96-114. (In Persian with English Summery)
19
20- Tsubo, M., Walker, S., and Ogindo, H.O. 2005. Simulation model of cereal – legume intercropping systems for semi – arid regions. Field crops Research 93 (1): 10-22.
20
21- Willey, R.W. 1979. Intercropping-its importance and research needs. Part-1. Competition and yield advantages. Field Crops Research 32: 1-10.
21
22- Zhang, L. 2007. Productivity and resource use in cotton and wheat relay intercropping. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. With summaries in English, Dutch and Chinese, 198 pp.
22
23- Zhang, F.S., and Li, L. 2003. Using competitive and facilitative interactions in intercropping systems enhances crop productivity and nutrient use efficiency. Plant and Soil 248: 305-312.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of some plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen fertilizer on morphological characteristics of german chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.)
.In order to investigate the effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen fertilizer on morphological traits of german chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), a field experiment was carried out as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran, during 2007-2008. Factors were inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (B0: no-inoculation, B1: inoculation with Azotobacter chroocuccum, B2: inoculation with Azospirillum lipoferum and B3: inoculation with a mixture of two bacteria) and nitrogen fertilizer (N0:0, N1:50, N2:100 and N3:150 kgN.ha-1). Results showed that inoculation with bacteria significantly improved plant height, stem diameter, number of lateral branches, number of flowers per plant, dry weight of flowers, stems, leaves and total dry weight per plant. These traits were significantly similar for inoculation with Azotobacter, inoculation with Azospirillum and inoculation with a mixture of two bacteria. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on all traits (except number of lateral branches) was positive, but there were no significant differences among 50, 100 and 150 kg.ha-1 nitrogen. The highest and the lowest number and weight of flowers per plant were recorded for inoculation + 50 kg.ha-1 nitrogen application and no-inoculation + no-fertilizer, respectively. In general, application of biofertilizers had positive and significant effects on morphological traits of german chamomile. In addition, with adding 50 kg N.ha-1 the performance of bacteria increased and the highest flower yield were produced.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_28601_4fa435ae2c65c7f324797fb37b7a11d0.pdf
2010-12-22
565
573
10.22067/jag.v2i4.8785
Azospirillum lipoferum
Azotobacter chroocuccum
Medicinal plants
S.
Dastborhan
dastborhan.s@gmail.com
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Zehtab-Salmasi
zehtabsalmasi@gmail.com
2
AUTHOR
S
Nasrollahzadeh
3
AUTHOR
A.R.
Tavassoli
4
AUTHOR
1- Abdelaziz, M., Pokluda, R., and Abdelwahab, M. 2007. Influence of compost, microorganism and NPK fertilizer upon growth, chemical composition and essential oil production of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 35: 86-90.
1
2- Astaraii, A.R., and Koocheki, A. 1996. Biofertilizers in (Sustainable) Agriculture. (Eds.), Jahade Daneshgahie Mashhad Publications, 168 p. (In Persian)
2
3- Bhattarai, T., and Hess, D. 1993. Yield responses of Nepalese spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars to inoculation with Azospirillum spp. of Nepalese origin. Plant and Soil 151: 67-76.
3
4- Daneshkhah, M., Kafi, M., Nikbakht, A., and Mirjalili, M.H. 2007. Effects of different levels of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on flower yield and essential oil content of Rosa damascene Mill. from Barzok of Kashan. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science Technology 8(2): 83-90. (In Persian with English Summary)
4
5- De Freitas, J.R., and Germida, J.J. 1990. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for winter wheat. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 36: 264-272.
5
6- Dobbelaere, S., Croonenborghs, A., Thys, A., Ptacek, D., Vanderleyden, J., Dutto, P., Labandera-Gonzalez, C., Caballero-Mellado, J., Aguirre, J.F., Kapulnik, Y., Brener, S., Burdman, S., Kadouri, D., Sarig, S., and Okon, Y. 2001. Response of agronomically important crops to inoculation with Azospirillum. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 28: 871-879.
6
7- Fallahi, J., Koocheki, A., and Rezvani-Moghaddam, P. 2009. Effects of biofertilizers on quantitative and qualitative yield of chamomile (Matricaria recutita) as a medicinal plant. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Research 7(1): 127-135. (In Persian with English Summary)
7
8- Fallik, E., and Okon, Y. 1996. The response of maize (Zea mays) to Azospirillum inoculation in various types of soils in the field. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 12: 511-515.
8
9- Farzana, Y., and Radizah, O. 2005. Influence of rhizobacterial inoculation on growth of the sweetpotato cultivar. OnLine Journal of Biological Science 1(3): 176-179
9
10- Goeschl, T. 2002. Stakes in the evolutionary race: the economic value of plants for medicinal application. Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants 9: 373-388.
10
11- Haller, T., and Stolp, H. 1985. Quantitative estimation of root exudation of maize plants. Plant and Soil 86: 207-216.
11
12- Johri, A.K., Srivastava, L.J., Singh, J.M., and Rana, R.C. 1992. Effect of time planting on German chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.). Indian Journal of Agronomy 32: 302-304.
12
13- Kader, M.A., Main, M.H., and Hoque, M.S. 2002. Effects of Azotobacter inoculant on the yield and nitrogen uptake by wheat. OnLine Journal of Biological Science 2: 259-261.
13
14- Kandeel, A.M., Naglaa, S.A.T., and Sadek, A.A. 2002. Effect of biofertilizers on the growth, volatile oil yield and chemical composition of Ocimum bacilicum L. plant. Annals of Agricultural Science 47: 351-371.
14
15- Khalid, A., Arshad, M., and Zahir, A.Z. 2004. Screening plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for improving growth and yield of wheat. Journal of Applied Microbiology 96: 473-480.
15
16- Khorramdel, S., Koocheki, A.R., Nassiri-Mahallati, M., and Ghorbani, R. 2008. Application effects of biofertilizers on the growth indices of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Research 6(2): 285-294. (In Persian with English Summary)
16
17- Koocheki, A., Tabrizi, L., and Ghorbani, R. 2008. Effect of biofertilizers on agronomic and quality criteria of Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Research 6(1): 127-137. (In Persian with English Summary)
17
18- Letchamo, W., and Vomel, A. 1989. The relationship between ploidy levels and certain morphological characteristics of chamomilla recutita. Planta Medica 55: 527-528.
18
19- Mahfouz, S.A., and Sharaf-Eldin, M.A. 2007. Effect of mineral vs. biofertilizer on growth, yield, and essential oil content of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill). Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences 21: 361-366.
19
20- Manaffee, W.F., and Kloepper, J.W. 1994. Applications of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in sustainable agriculture. Pankburst, C.E., Doube, B.M., Gupta, V.V.S.R., and Grace, P.R., (eds.) In: Soil biota management in sustainable farming systems. pp: 23-31, CSiRO, Pub East Melbourne, Australia.
20
21- Marschner, P., Gerendas, J., and Sattelmacher, B. 1999. Effect of N concentration and N source on root colonization by Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 RLI. Plant and Soil 215: 135-141.
21
22- Mirshekari, B., Darbandi, S., and Ejlali, L. 2007. Effect of irrigation intervals, nitrogen rate and nitrogen splitting on essence of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Iranian Journal of Crop Science 9(2):142-156. (In Persian with English Summary)
22
23- Niakan, M., Khavarynejad, R.A., and Rezaee, M.B. 2004. Effect of different rates of N/P/K fertilizer on leaf fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area and oil content in Mentha piperita L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 20(2): 131-148. (In Persian with English Summary)
23
24- Okon, Y. 1985. Azospirillum as a potential inoculant for agriculture. Trends in Biotechnology 3: 223-228.
24
25- Okon, Y., and Labandera-Gonzalez, C.A. 1994. Agronomic applications of Azospirillum: an evaluation of 20 years worldwide field inoculation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 26: 1591-1601.
25
26- Omidbaigi, R. 2008. Production and processing of medicinal plants. Volume 3, 5th edition, Beh Nashr (Astane Ghodse Razavi Publications), 397 p. (In Persian)
26
27- Omidbaigi, R. 2009. Production and processing of medicinal plants. Vol. 1, 5th edition, Beh Nashr (Astane Ghodse Razavi Publications), 347 pp. (In Persian)
27
28- Padulosi, S., Leaman, D., and Quek, P. 2002. Challenges and opportunities in enhancing and conservation and use of medicinal and aromatic plants. Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants 9: 243-267.
28
29- Rahmani, N., Valadabadi, A.R., Daneshian, J., and Bigdeli, M. 2008. The effects of water deficit stress and nitrogen on oil yield of Calendula officinalis L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 24(1): 101-108. (In Persian with English Summary)
29
30- Ratti, N., Kumar, S., Verma, H.N., and Gautams, S.P. 2001. Improvement in bioavailability of tricalcium phosphate to Cymbopogon martini var. motia by Rhizobacteria, AMF and Azospirillum inoculation. Microbiology Research 156: 145-149.
30
31- Salamon, I. 1992. Chamomile a medicinal plant. Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants 10: 1-4.
31
32- Shaalan, M.N. 2005. Influence of biofertilizers and chicken manure on growth, yield and seeds quality of (Nigella sativa L.) plants. Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 83: 811-828.
32
33- Sumner, M.E. 1990. Crop responses to Azospirillum inoculation. In: Stewart, B.A. (ed.), Advances in Soil Sciences 12: 53-123.
33
34- Vessey, J.K. 2003. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant and Soil 255: 571-586.
34
35- Youssef, A.A., Edris, A.E., and Gomaa, A.M. 2004. A comparative study between some plant growth regulators and certain growth hormones producing microorganisms on growth and essential oil composition of Salvia officinalis L. Plant Annals of Agricultural Science 9: 299-311.
35
36- Zahir, A.Z., Arshad, M., and Frankenberger, W.F. 2004. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: applications and perspectives in agriculture. Advances in Agronomy 81: 97-168.
36
37- Zeinali, H., Bagheri-Kholanjani, M., Golparvar, M.R., Jafarpour, M., and Shirani-Rad, A.H. 2008. Effect of different planting time and nitrogen fertilizer rates on flower yield and its components in German chamomile (Matricaria recutita). Iranian Journal of Crop Science 10(3): 220-230. (In Persian with English Summary)
37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of special, functional and structural diversity of weeds community in pistachios (Pistacia vera L.) orchards of Bardaskan County
To study weed species diversity and community structure in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) orchards in 33 orchards of 12 villages an investigation was conducted in Bardaskan County, Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran during 2008-2009. Weed population sampling was conducted in a w shape method using 1m² quadrate. The results showed that the weeds of pistachio orchards were belonging to 15 families and 44 species. dicotyledons (31 species) were more than monocotyledons (13 species). Such as in this community, weed species of C3, C4, annual and perennial were 26, 18, 28 and 13, respectively. The majority of weed species were belonging to the plant families of chenopodiceae (9 species) and poaceae (12 species) amongst dicotyledons and monocotyledons, respectively. the most important species of monocotyledon annual weeds were including Echinochloa crus-gali, Digitaria sanguinlis, Setaria viridis and perennial weeds were including Cyperus routundus, Cynodon dactylon and convolvulus arvensis. Weed species were grouped in seven clusters for density average, frequency and uniformity (similarity 75 percent) whereas in eight clusters for relative density average, relative frequency and relative uniformity (similarity 75 percent). Amplitude changes of Shannon-winter diversity index were between 2.3 and 0.16 and of Simpson dominant index were between 0.97 and 0.17. The difference among indices of biodiversity and dominant clusters were relative to scale and type of management practices.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_28614_00af501d3763b987f097aa9f1b29eeec.pdf
2010-12-22
574
586
10.22067/jag.v2i4.8786
Frequency
Shannon-Weiner index
Simpson index
Uniformity
S.
Elahi
rsadrabadi@mshdiau.ac.ir
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
R.
Sadrabadi Haghighi
rezasadrabadi@gmail.com
2
AUTHOR
L.
Alimoradi
lealimoradi@yahoo.com
3
AUTHOR
1- Ale- ebrahim, M.T. 2008. Spring study of biodiversity and density of weed flora Sabzevar orchards. In 2nd Iranian Weed Science Congress. Mashhad, Iran, 29-30 January 2008, p. 460-467. (In Persian with English Summery)
1
2- Alimoradi, L., Azizi, G., Tabrizi, L., and Nassiri Mahallati, M. 2008. Investigation of weed community diversity in barley and alfa alfa in Iran. In 2nd Iranian Weed Science Congress. Mashhad, Iran, 29-30 January 2008, p.460-467. (In Persian with English Summery)
2
3- Ashrafi, A., Banaian, M., and Rashed Mohassel, M.H. 2005. Seasonal scouting of weeds in a sugarbeet field in Mashhad. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research 2: 121-135. (In Persian with English Summery)
3
4- Bazoobandi, M., Sadrabadi Haghighi, R., and Beheshtiyan Mesgaran, M. 2007. Weeds ecology in agricultural and natural system. Sukhan Gostar pubication and Research Department of Islamic Azad University. Mashhad. (In Persian)
4
5- Gerhards, R., Sokefeld, M., Timmermann, C., and Kuhbauch, W. 2002. Site – specific weed control in maize, suger beet, winter wheat, and winter barely. Precision Agriculture 3: 25-35.
5
6- Ghorsi Anbaran, A.R., Bazoobandi, M., Arian, H., and Musavi Sarvineh Baghi, S.R., 2008. Floristic studies in landes scapes and urban park of Mashhad .In 2nd Iranian Weed Science Congress. Mashhad, Iran, 29-30 January 2008, p.18-22. (In Persian with English Summery)
6
7- Jalili Marandi, R. 2008. Pomology. Jihad University Poblications. Orumie. (In Persian with English Summery)
7
8- Kamal-Uddin, M.D., Juraimi, A.Sh., Begum, M., Ismail, M.R., Abdul Rahim, A., and Othman, R. 2009. Floristic composition of weed community in truf grass area of West Peninsular Malaysia. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 11: 13-20
8
9- Keshavarz, K., Minbashi, M., and Saidi, K. 2008. Distribution and determination of dominant weed species in cereal fields of Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad province using GIS. In 2nd Iranian Weed Science Congress. Mashhad, Iran, 29-30 January 2008, p.7-12. (In Persian with English Summery)
9
10- Koocheki, A. Nassiri Mahallati, M. Tabrizi, L. Azizi, G., and Jahan, M. 2007. Assessing species and functional diversity and community structure for weeds in wheat and sugar beet in Iran. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research 1: 105-129. (In Persian with English Summery)
10
11- Koocheki, A., and Nassiri Mahallati, M. 2005. Effect of input different levels on weed seed bank in wheat fields of Mashhad. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research. 3:89-102. (In Persian with English Summery)
11
12- Moeini, M., Baghestani, M.A., Mashhadi, H.R., 2008. Introducing and abundance index for assessing weed flora in survey studies. Weed Biology of Management 8: 172-180.
12
13- Mohamadvand, A., Rashed Mohassel, M.H., Nassiri Mahallati, M., and Poor tusi, N. 2009. Study on infestation levels and spatial distributions of Amaranthus blitoides, Chenopodium album and Solanum nigrum in corn field. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research. 6: 419-432. (In Persian with English Summery)
13
14- Nassiri Mahallati, M., Tabrizi, L., Azizi, G., and Jahan, M. 2008. Assessing species and functional diversity and community structure for weeds sugar beet in Iran. In 2nd Iranian Weed Science Congress. Mashhad, Iran, 29-30 January 2008, p.611-617. (In Persian with English Summery)
14
15- Noruzzadeh, S., Rashed Mohassel, M.H., Nassiri Mahallati, M., Koocheki, A., and Abbas poor, M. 2009. Evaluation of species, functional and structural diversity of weeds in whear fields of Northern, Southern and Razavi Khorasan provinces. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research 6: 471-485. (In Persian with English Summery)
15
16- Padarlo, A., Bazoobandi, M., Alimoradi, L., and Jahedi poor, S. 2008. Calculation Shanon-Weiner and Simpson index in weeds community of saffron fields. In 2nd Iranian Weed Science Congress. Mashhad, Iran, 29-30 January 2008, p. 592-596. (In Persian with English Summery)
16
17- Padarlo, A., Bazoobandi, and M., Alimoradi, L. 2008. Identification of weeds in saffron fields of Mashhad. In 2nd Iranian Weed Science Congress. Mashhad, Iran, 29-30 January 2008, p. 606-610. (In Persian with English Summery)
17
18- Poggio, S.L., Sattorre, E.H., and Fuente, E.B. 2004. Structure of weed communities occurring in pea and wheat crops in the Rolling Pampa (Argentina). Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 103: 225-235.
18
19- Rashed Mohassel, M.H., and Moosavi, S.K. 2007. Principles of Weed Management. Ferdosi University of Mashhad Publications. Mashhad. (In Persian)
19
20- Shimi, P., and Terme, F. 1994. Weeds of Iran. Plant Pest and Desease Research Institue. Tehran. (In Persian)
20
21- Shimi, P., and Terme, F. 2006. Atlas of Important Weeds of Iran. Iranian Plant Protedtion Research Institue. Weed Research Department. Tehran. (In Persian)
21
22- Yunes abadi, M., Salimi, H., and Keshiri, H. 2008. Identification and determination of density, frequency and uniformity of dominant weeds of canola on Golestan Province. In 2nd Iranian Weed Science Congress. Mashhad, Iran, 29-30 January 2008, p. 23-27. (In Persian with English Summery)
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of leaf extracts of sweet wormwood and castor bean in reducing population of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on cucumber
One of the methods for controlling cucumber root-knot nematode is the use of plant extracts that have nematicidal effect. In this research, sweet wormwood and castor bean were selected and their anti-nematode activity has been investigated against cucumber root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in laboratory and greenhouse. Experiments were carried out by using Randomized completely design as factorial in laboratory conditions and greenhouse. For this purpose, the effect of alcoholic extracts of leaf of sweet wormwood and castor bean with concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 1000 ppm in three times of 24, 48 and 72 hours on the percentage of immobility of second stage juveniles and hatching of eggs were evaluated. After proofing the nematicidal activity of treatment, the investigation was held in greenhouse with adding of leaf extract of plants into pots having infested cucumber seedlings to this nematode. The results indicated the higher nematicidal activity in alcoholic extract of leaf of castor bean 61.33% and sweet wormwood 55.67 % in concentration 1000 ppm after 72h. The results of this investigation showed that the use of extract of these plants can be replaced with chemical nematicides for controlling root-knot nematode especially in greenhouses.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_28658_5c1e65e577d62d513ff2c36c1dcafa65.pdf
2010-12-22
587
592
10.22067/jag.v2i4.8796
Alcoholic extract
Anti-nematode activity
Control of nematode
Nematicidal plants
N.
Katooli
n.katooli@gmail.com
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
E.
Mahdikhani Moghadam
2
AUTHOR
R.
Maghsodlu
3
AUTHOR
1- Adegbite, A.A., and Adesiyan, O.S. 2005. Root extract of plant to control root-knot nematode on edible soybean. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1 (1): 18-21.
1
2- Akhtar, M., and Mahmood, I. 1994. Prophylactic and therapeutic use of oil cakes and leaves of neem and castor extract for control of root-knot nematode on chili. Nematology Mediterranean 22: 127-129.
2
3- Azhar, R.M., and Seddiqu, M. 2007. Nematicidal effect of some botanical against root-knot nematode, (Meloidogyne javanica) on tomato. International Journal of Plant Sciences 2 (2): 49-52
3
4- Azhar, R.M., Ahmad, F., and Seddiqu, M. 2007. Bio efficacy of some botanical extracts for the management of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in Lycopersicon esculentum. National Journal of Life Science 4(1): 101-104.
4
5- Chitwood, D.J. 2002. Phytochemical based strategies for nematode control. Phytopathology 40: 221-49.
5
6- Cristobal- Alejo, J., Tun- Suarez, J.M., Moguel- Catzin, S., and Mabana-Mendoza, N. 2006. In vitro sensitivity of Meloidogyne incognita to extracts from native yucatecan plants. Nematropica 36 (1): 553-558.
6
7- Jatala, P. 1986. Biological control of nematode pests by natural enemies annual. Review of Phytopathology 24: 453-489.
7
8- Jenkins, W.R., and Coursen, B.W. 1978. The effect of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita acrita and M. hapla on Fusarium wilt of tomato. Plant Disease Reports 41: 182-186.
8
9- Khajeh pour, M.R. 2005. Industrial plants. Academic Center Education Culture and Research of Esfehan 580 pp. (In Persian)
9
10- Korayem, A.M., Hasabo, S.A., and Ameen, H.H. 1993. Effect and mode of action of some plant extract on certain plant parasitic nematodes. Nz. Pflanzenschutz, schadlingskunde Umwelltschutz 66: 23- 36.
10
11- Knostantopoulou, I., Vassilopoulou, L., Mawogantisi, Pidou P., and Scouras, G. 1994. Insecticidal effect of essential oil, a study of essential oils extracted from eleven Ggreek aromatic plants on drosophila auroria. Experiential 48: 616-619.
11
12- Lashein, A.M.S.A. 2002. Biological control of root-knot nematode in some vegetable. M.Sc Thesis Facultative Agricultural Cairo University 107 pp.
12
13- Linford, M.B., Yap, F., and Oliveira, J.M. 1938. Reduction of soil population of roo-knot nematode during decomposition of organic matter. Soil sciences 45: 127-141.
13
14- Oka, Y., Nacer, S., Putievsky, E., Ravid, U., Yaniv, Z., and Speigel, Y. 2000. Nematicidal activity of essential oils and their components against the root-knot nematode. Phytopathology 90: 710-715.
14
15- Rakhshani, A., and Taheri, A. H. 2006. Principles of Agriculture Toxicology. Publisher, Farhange Jame 446 p. (In Persian)
15
16- Sharma, S.K., Singh, I., and Sakhuja, P.K. 1980. Influence of different cropping sequences on the population of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, and the performance of the subsequent mungbeen cropo. Indian Journal of Nematology 10: 53-58.
16
17- Shokohiyan, A.A. 2000. Breeding of Greenhouse Cucumber in Soil and Perimeter without Soil. Publisher, Baghe Andishe 218pp. (In Persian)
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Azotobacter chrococoum and Azospirillum lipoferum on the release of soil potassium in pot culture of soybean (Glycine max var. Williams)
Potassium is an essential plant macronutrient. Different microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae and mosses are able to decompose silicate minerals of soil and to dissolve nutrient such as K, Fe, Zn and Si, among them bacteria are more important. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of two bacteria (Azospirillum lipoferum and Azotobacter chrococoum) on soil available potassium for soybean (Glycine max var. Williams). The experiment was conducted as a factorial in completely randomized design including three factors with three replications. The first factor includes two different soils, the second factor contains two geniuses of bacteria and without bacterial treatments and the third factor includes two KCl levels (0 and 75 mg.kg-1). To do so, treatments effects on growth and dry weight of soybean were observed over four weeks. Result showed that Gorgan and Ghareso series with Azotobacter had the highest plant dry matter. The quantity of potassium uptake by plant was the highest in Ghareso series with Azotobacter.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_28691_be3b7f195d9f2641427cb3085557b092.pdf
2010-12-22
593
599
10.22067/jag.v2i4.8797
Bacteria
Dry weight
Inoculation
Uptake
E.
Dordipour
e.dordipour@yahoo.com
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Farshadirad
farshadirad@gmail.com
2
AUTHOR
Mohammad Hossein
Arzanesh
3
استادیار پژوهشی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان
AUTHOR
1- Ayers, A.S., Takashi, M., and Kanechiro, P. 1947. Conversion of nonexchangeable potassium to exchangeable forms in Hawaii. Soil Science Society of America Proceeding 11: 175-181.
1
2- Chapman, H. D. 1965. Cation Exchange Capacity. In: Method of Soil Analysis, Part 2, (ed). Black, C. A., 891-901. American Society of Agronomy: Madison, WI. USA.
2
3- Chen, H., and Chen, T. 1960. Characteristics of morphology and physiology and ability to wheather to wheather mineral baring phosphorus and potassium of silicate bacteria. Microorganism 3: 104-112.
3
4- Dordipour, E., and Farshadirad, A. 2009. Determination of Potassium critical level for wheat and investigation of its response to K2SO4 in some selected soils of Golestan province. 11th Iranian Soil Scince Congress. 227 p. (In Persian)
4
5- Egamberberdiyeva, D., Hoflich, G., 2003. Influence of growth- promoting bacteria on the growth of wheat in different soils and temperatures. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 35: 973-978.
5
6- Fallah, A. R., and Khavarzi, K. 2002. Biological potassium fertilizer and its effects on crop yields. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water, Special Issue: Soil Biology 12(7): 115-127. (In Persian eith English Summary)
6
7- Fang sheng, X., and Yan He, L. 2006. Solubilization of potassium-bearing minerals by wild-type strain of Bacillus edaphicus and its mutants and increased potassium uptake by wheat. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 52: 66-72.
7
8- Feigenbaum, S., and Shainberg, I. 1975. Dissolution of illite a possible mechanism os potassium rlease. Soil Science Society American Proceeding 39: 985- 990.
8
9- Glowa, K.R., Arocena, J.M., and Massicote, H.B. 2003. Extraction of potassium and/ or magnesium from selected soil minerals by Piloderma. Acta Biotechnolgica 7: 299- 306.
9
10- Haby, V.A., Russelle, M.D., and Skogley, E.O. 1990. Testing soils for potassium, calcium and magnesium. In: S. H. Mickelson (ed). Soil Testing and plant analysis. Madison. WI., USA. p. 181-227.
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11- Knudsen, D., Peterson, G.A., and Pratt, P.F. 1982. Lithium, Sodium and potassium. Pages 225-246 in A. L. Page et al., eds. Methods of soil analysis, Part 2. American Society of Agronomy, Madison. WI.
11
12- Khormali, F., and Abtahi, A. 2003. Origin and distribution of clay minerals in calcareous arid and semiarid soils of fars province, southern Iran. Clay Minerals 38: 511-527.
12
13- Kukla, G., and An, Z.S. 1980. Loess stratigraphy in central china Palaeogeogr. Palaeclimatology Palaeocology 72: 203-225.
13
14- Lian, B. 1998. Astudy on how silicate bacteria GY92 dissolves potassium from illite. Acta Mineral Sin. 18:234-238.
14
15- Lian, B., Wang, B., Pan, M., Liu, C., and Teng, H. 2008. Microbial release of potassium from K-bearing minerals by thermophilic fungus Aspergillus fumigates. Geochimica e t Cosmochimica Acta 72:87-98.
15
16- Mc Clean, E.O., and Watson, M. E. 1985. Soil measorments of plant-available potassium. In: Manson (ed). Potassium in Agriculture. ASA-CSSA-SSSA. Madison, WI., USA.
16
17- Mishustin, E.N., Smirnova, G.A., and Lokhmachea, R.A. 1981. The decomposition of silicates by microorganisms and the use of silicate bacteria fertilizers. Biological Bulletin of Academic Science 8: 400-409.
17
18- Monib, M., Zahra, M. K., Abdel, E. A., and Heggo, A. 1984. Role of silicate bacteria in releasing K and Si from biolite and orthoclase. Soil Biology and Conservation of the Biosphere 2: 173-233.
18
19- Nelson, D.W., and Sommers, L.E. 1982. Total Carbon, Organic Carbon, and Organic Matter. In: "Methods of soil Analysis", Part 2, ed. Page, A.L., 539-579. American Society of Agronomy: Madison. WI.
19
20- Norozi, S. 2006. Release of Potassium from some mica minerals through some organic acid in rhizospher of barley. M. Sc. Thesis in Soil Science. Soil Science Department. Isfahan University of technology, Isfahan, Iran. 158 p. (In Persian eith English Summary)
20
21- Page, A.L. 1982. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI., USA. Pp. 181–199.
21
22- Rongchang, L., and Feniting, L., 1995. International training course on biological fertilizer Bodenk, boading cgina. Pp. 11-68.
22
23- Saber, M.S.M., Zanaty, and M.R. 1981. Effectivness of inoculation whit silicate bacteria in relation to the potassium content of plants using the intensive cropping technique. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Science 59(4): 280-289.
23
24- Shady, M. A., Ibrahim. I., and Afify, A.H. 1984. Mobilization of elements and their effects on certain plant growth characteristics as influenced by some silicate bacteria. Egyptian Journal of Botany 27(1-7): 17-30.
24
25- Sheng, X.F. 2005. Growth promotion and increased potassium uptake of cotton and rape by a potassium releasing strain of Bacillus edaphicus. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 37: 1918-1922.
25
26- Sparks, D.L., and Huang, M. 1985. Physical Chemistry of Soil Potassium. In: R.D. Munson.(ed). P in Agriculture. ASA. CSSA. SSSA. Madison. WI., USA. Pp. 201-276.
26
27- Surapaneni, A., Palmer, A.S., Tillman, R.W., Kirkman, J.H., and Geregg, P.E.H. 2002. The mineralogy and potassium supplying power of some loessial and related soils of New Zealand. Geoderma 110: 191-204.
27
28- Yuan, L., Fang, D. H., Wnag, Z. H., Shun, H., and Huang, J.G. 2000. Bio-mobilization of potassium from clay minerals: I. By ectomycorhizas. Pedosphere 10: 339- 346.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of municipal solid waste compost and sewage sludge on yield and heavy metal accumulation in soil and black cumin (Nigella sativa L.)
In order to investigate the effect of municipal solid waste (MSw) compost and sewage sludge (SS) on yield and concentration of heavy metals in soil and black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) an experiment with MSW compost at 0, 15, 30 t.ha-1 (C0, C15 and C30) and sewage sludge at 0, 15, 30 t.ha-1 (S0, S15 and S30) in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. Results showed that MSW compost and SS had significant effects on plant dry matter. Increasing the amounts of SS increased dry matter of plant. But increasing MSW compost from 15 to 30 t.ha-1 was decreased in dry matter. The Effect of MSW compost and SS on concentration of heavy metals (Ni and Pb) in plant except Cd was significant. Addition of MSW compost and sewage sludge increased availability of Pb, Ni and Cd in soil. But effect of MSW compost and sewage sludge on Cd availability was not significant. Results showed that the amounts of Ni exceed the standard limits in dry matter. Therefore in use of organic wastes for medicinal plants we should be careful..
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_28721_54408e51748b057dc07743590040a75b.pdf
2010-12-22
600
608
10.22067/jag.v2i4.8798
Dry matter
Heavy metals
Organic wastes
Fatemeh
Akbarnejad
akbarnejad_f@yahoo.com
1
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alireza
Astaraei
astaraei@um.ac.ir
2
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Amir
Fotovat
afotovat@um.ac.ir
3
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Nassiri Mahallati
mnassiri@um.ac.ir
4
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
1- Alloway, B.J. 1990. Heavy Metals in Soils. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, P.339.
1
2- Amir, S., Hafidi, M., Merlina, G., and Revel, J.C. 2005. Sequential extraction of heavy metals during composting of sewage sludge. Chemosphere 59: 801-810.
2
3- Baldwin, K.R., and Shelton, J.E. 1999. Availability of heavy metal in compost- amended soil. Bioresource Technology 69: 1-14.
3
4- Carlton- Smith, C.H. 1987. Effect of metals in sludge-treated soils on crops. Environment Technical Report. TR 251. Water Research Center. Medmenham.
4
5- Chu, L.M., and Wong, M.H. 1987. Heavy metal contents of vegetable crops treated with refuse compost and sewage sludge. Plant and Soil 103: 191-197.
5
6- Gigliotti, G, Businelli, D., and Giusquiani, P.L. 1996. Trace metals uptake and distribution in corn plants grown on a 6-year urban waste compost amended soil. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 58: 199-206.
6
7- Hyun, H., Chang, A.C., Parker, D.R., and Page, A.L. 1998. Cadmium solubility and phytoavailability in sludge treated soils: effect of soil organic carbon. Journal of Environmental Quality 27: 329-334.
7
8- Karami, M., Rezaei Nejad, Y., Afyuni, M., and Shariatmadari, H. 2007. Cumulative and residual effects of sewage sludge on Lead and Cadmium concentration in soil and wheat. Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Isfahan University of Technology 11:79-95. (In Persian with English Summary)
8
9- Lindsay, W.L., and Norvell, W.A. 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganez and copper .Soil Science Society of American Journal 42: 421-428.
9
10- Madrid, F., Lopez, R., and Cabrera, F. 2007. Metal accumulation in soil after application of municipal solid waste compost under intensive farming conditions. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 119: 249-256.
10
11- Mkhabela, M., and Warman, P.R. 2005. The influence of municipal solid waste compost on yield, soil phosphorus availability and uptake by two vegetable crops, grown in a Pug wash sandy loam soil in Nova Scotia. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 106: 57-67.
11
12- Nasiri Mahallati, M., Koocheki, A., Rrezvani Moghadam, P., and Beheshti, A. 2001. Agroecology. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Publication. P.460. (In Persian)
12
13- Navas, A., Bermudez, F., and Machin, J. 1998. Influence of sewage sludge application on physical and chemical properties of Gypsisols. Geoderma 87: 123-135.
13
14- Omid Baigi, R. 2000. Approarches to Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants. Tehran. Tarahan Nashr. P.283. (In Persian)
14
15- Pais, I., and Benton, J.J. 1997. The Hand book of trace elements. St. Lucies Press. Boca. Raton. Florida. P.240.
15
16- Rayan, J.R., Estefan, G., and Rashid, A. 2001. Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory Manual. (2nd edition). ICARDA. Syria. P.172.
16
17- Ribeiro, H.M., Vasconcelos, E., and Santos, J.Q. 2000. Fertilization of potted geranium with a municipal solid waste compost. Bioresource Technology 73: 247-249.
17
18- Ross, S.M. 1994. Toxic Metals in Soil and Plants System. John Wiley Sons Inc., England, pp. 469.
18
19- Simeoni, L.A., Barbarick, K.A., and Sabey, B.R. 1984. Effect of small-scale composting of sewage sludge on heavy metal availability of plants. Journal of Environmental Quality 13: 264-268.
19
20- Smith, S.R. 2009. A critical review of the bioavailability and impacts of heavy metals in municipal solid waste composts compared to sewage sludge. Environment International 35: 142-156.
20
21- Soumare, M. F., Tack, M.G., and Verloo, M.G. 2003. Effect of a municipal solid waste compost and mineral fertilization on plant growth in two tropical agricultural soils of Mali. Bioresource Technology 86: 15-20.
21
22- Valmis, J., Williams, D. E., Corey, J.L., Page, A. L., and Ganje, T.J.1985. Zinc and cadmium uptake by barley in field plots fertilized seven years with urban and suburban sludge. Soil Science 139: 81-87.
22
23- Wong, J.W.C., Li, K.L., Zhou, L.X., and Selvam, A. 2007. The sorption of Cd and Zn by different soils in the presence of dissolved organicmatter from sludge. Geoderma 137: 310-317.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
New corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids grouping based on morphological traits, yield and its components
Exiting diversity is the basis of selection in plant breeding programs. Diversity in morphological traits is studied by different methods of multivariate analysis. This study was conducted to estimate the genetical diversity of new corn hybrids based on the morphological traits. In this study, 40 new grain and forage corn hybrids with five commercial varieties as control treatments were planted in RCBD with three replications at Torogh Station of Khorasan Razavi Agriculture Research and Natural Resources Center, Iran during 2008. The results showed for the kernel yield and its components obtained three groups and two clusters with only one member. Furthermore, for forage yield and its components concluded five groups. Correlation coefficient between similarity matrix of forage and kernel yield cluster was very weak (0.15). Therefore,
selection for grain yield of corn hybrids cannot be used simultaneously for forage yield.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_28755_589b8370cd34682d2ac309ccb72917f1.pdf
2010-12-22
609
616
10.22067/jag.v2i4.8799
Cluster analysis
Correlation coefficient
Forage yield
grain yield
Jafar
Mosa Abadi
khavaris80@yahoo.com
1
Agronomyy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeed
Khavari Khorasani
khavaris80@yahoo.com
2
Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training Center, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
BaratAli
Syah Sar
3
Zabol University, Zabol, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Esmaili
4
University of Lorestan, Iran
AUTHOR
Nafiseh
Mahdi Nejad
nmahdinezhad@uoz.ac.ir
5
Zabol University, Zabol, Iran
AUTHOR
1- Blackith, R.E., and Mce Kevan, D.K. 1967. A study of the genus chrotogonus (Orthoptera). VIII. A study of variation in external morphology. Evolution 21: 76-84.
1
2- Bretting, P.K., Goodman, M.M., and Studer, C.W. 1990. Isozymatic variation in Guatemalan races of maize. American Journal of Botany 77: 211-225.
2
3- Camussi, A. 1979. Numerical taxonomy of Italian population of maize based on quantitative traits. Maydica 24: 161-174.
3
4- Choukan, R. 2006. Heterotic classification of corn line based on SCA with tester lines. Journal of Seed and Plant 22: 399-409. (In Persian with English Summary)
4
5- Choukan, R., Hosseinzade, E., Ghanadha, M.R., Talei, E., and Mohammadi, S.A. 2005. Corn lines clustering based on morphological traits. Journal of Seed and Plant 22: 399-409. (In Persian with English Summary)
5
6- Crossa, J., Basford, K., Taba, S., De Lacy, I., and Silva, E. 1995. Three mode analysis of maize using morphological and agronomic attributes measured in multilocation trials. Crop Science 35 1483-1491.
6
7- Doebley, J.I., Goodman, M.M. and Studer, C.W. 1985. Isozymatic variation in races of maize from Mexico. American Journal of Botany 72: 629-639.
7
8- Galarreta, J. I. R., and Alvarez, A. 2001. Morphological classification of maize landraces from Northern Spain. Gen. Resources and Crop Evolution 48: 391-400.
8
9- Goodman, M.M., and Paterniani, E. 1969. The races of maize. III. Choices of appropriate characters for racial classification. Economic Botany 23: 265-273.
9
10- Gouesnard, B., Dallard, Panouille, A. and Boyat, A. 1997. Classification of French maize populations based on morphological traits. Agronomic 17: 491-498.
10
11- Hallauer, A.R. and Miranda, J.B. 1988. Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding. 2nd ed. Iowa State University Press, Ames., Iowa.
11
12- Han, G.C., Vasal, S.K., Beck, D.L. and Elis, E. 1991. Combining ability of inbred lines derived from CIMMYT maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm. Maydica 36: 57-64.
12
13- Hussaini, S.H., Goodman, M.M., and Timoty, D.H. 1977. Multivariate analysis and the geographical distribution of the world collection of finger millet. Crop Science 17: 257-263.
13
14- Karimizade, R., Dehghani, H., and Dehghanpour, Z. 2006. Determination of corn hybrids stability by cluster analysis. Jornal of Agriculture and Natural Resources Science and Technology Iran 3(B): 337-347. (In Persian with English Summary)
14
15- Moghaddam, M., Mohammadi Shoti, M., and Aghaie Sarborzeh, M. 1995. Miultivariate Statistical Methods, A Primer. Pishtaz Elm publication. Tabriz, Iran. pp: 25-50. (In Persian)
15
16- Llaurado M., and Moreno-Gonzalez, J. 1993. Classification of northern Spanisn populations of maize by methods of numerical taxonomy. I. Morphological traits. Maydica 38: 15-21.
16
17- Sanchez, J.J., and Goodman, M. M. 1992. Relationships among Mexican and some north American and south American races of maize. Maydica 37: 41-51.
17
18- Smith, J.S.C., and Smith, O.S. 1989. The description and assessment of distance between inbred lines of maize: I. The use morphological traits as descriptors. Maydica 34: 141-150.
18
19- Smith, J.S.C., and Smith, O.S. 1992. Measurement of genetic diversity among maize hybrids: a comparison of isozymic, RFLP, pedigree, and heterosis data. Maydica 37: 53-60.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation the impact of habitat quality on the soil fauna in Jajarm region
The effects of land use, crop type and crop management on soil fauna were investigated with survey of four habitats in Jajarm. The habitats included rangelands, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) fields and low-input and high-input of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields, each with four sample units. In each sample unit, the macrofauna collected with pitfall traps, sorted and counted in terms of family. The analysis of data conducted using of contrast analysis, analysis of similarities and principal component analysis (PCA). In rangelands the taxonomic richness, Simpson diversity index and abundance of macrofauna families tremendously were lower than agricultural habitats. These were attributed to low of plant diversity and pressure of livestock grazing. In alfalfa fields, increased abundance of beneficial macrofauna than wheat fields due to use not of chemical inputs, low disturbance and perennial of alfalfa. The crop management dad not has any significant impact on soil macrofauna. However, soil important macrofauna showed great tendency to occupancy in low-input wheat fields.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_28791_30fe3dfbf039c9512e44cf3346f83df4.pdf
2010-12-22
617
626
10.22067/jag.v2i4.8800
Crop management
land use
Macrofauna
Simpson diversity index
Taxonomic richness
wheat
GhorbanAli
Rassam
rassammf@yahoo.com
1
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Naser
Latifi
2
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
AUTHOR
Afshin
Soltani
afshin.soltani@gmail.com
3
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
AUTHOR
Behnam
Kamkar
behnam.kamkar@gmail.com
4
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
AUTHOR
1- Barrios, E. 2007. Soil biota, ecosystem services and land productivity. Ecological Economics 64: 269-285.
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2- Biaggini, M., Consorti, R., Dapporto, L., Dellacasa, M., Paggetti, E., and Corti, C. 2007. The taxonomic level order as a possible tool for rapid assessment of Arthropod diversity in agricultural landscapes. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 122: 183–191.
2
3- Brevault, T., Bikay, S., Maldes, J.M., and Naudin, K. 2007. Impact of a no-till with mulch soil management strategy on soil macrofauna communities in a cotton cropping system. Soil and Tillage Research 97: 140–149.
3
4- Clark, K.R. 1993. Non-parametric multivariate analysis of changes in community structure. Austrlian Journal of Ecology 18: 117–143.
4
5- Clough, Y., Kruess, A., Kleijn, D., and Tscharntke, T. 2005. Spider diversity in cereal fields: comparing factors at local, landscape and regional scales. Journal of Biogeography 32: 2007–2014.
5
6- Cole, L., Buckland, S.M., and Bardgett, R.D. 2005. Relating microarthropod community structure and diversity to soil fertility manipulations in temperate grassland. Soil, Biolology and Biochemistry 37: 1707–1717.
6
7- Choh, Y., Shimoda, T., Ozawa, R., Dicke, M., and Takabayashi, J. 2004. Exposure of lima bean leaves to volatiles from herbivore-induced con-specific plants results in emission of carnivore attractants: active or passive process? Journal of Chemical Ecology 30: 1305–1317.
7
8- Fuller, R.J., Norton, L.R., Feber, R.E., Johnson, P.J., Chamberlain, D.E., Joys, A.C., Mathews, F., Stuart, R.C., Townsend, M.C., Manley, W.J., Wolfe, M.S., Macdonald, D.W., and Firbank, L.G. 2005. Benefits of organic farming to biodiversity vary among taxa. Biology Letters 1: 431–434.
8
9- Harvey, J.A., Van der Putten, W.H., Turin, H., Wagenaar, R., and Bezemer, T.M. 2006. Effects of changes in plant species richness and community traits on carabid assemblages and feeding guilds. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 127: 100–106.
9
10- Harwood, J.D., Sunderland, K.D., and Symondson, W.O.C. 2001. Living where the food is: web location by linyphiid spiders in relation to prey availability in winter wheat. Journal of Applied Ecology 38: 88-99.
10
11- Hutton, S.A., and Giller, P.S. 2003. The effects of the intensification of agriculture on northern temperate dung beetle communities. Journal of Applied Ecology 40: 994–1007.
11
12- Jeanneret, P., Schupbach, B., and Luka, H. 2003. Quantifying the impact of landscape and habitat features on biodiversity in cultivated landscapes. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 98: 311–320.
12
13- Kruess, A., and Tscharntke, T. 2002. Contrasting responses of plant and insect diversity to variation in grazing intensity. Biological Conservation 106: 293–302.
13
14- Lal, R. 1988. Effects of macrofauna on soil properties in tropical ecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 24: 101–116.
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15- Magurran, A.E. 1988. Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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16- Marc, P., Canard, A., and Ysnel, F. 1999. Spiders (Araneae) useful for pest limitation and bioindication. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 74: 229–273.
16
17- Marshall, E.J.P., and Moonen, A.C. 2002. Field margins in northern Europe: their functions and interactions with agriculture. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 89: 5–21.
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18- Melnychuk, N. A., Olfert, O., Youngs, B., and Gillott, C. 2003. Abundance and diversity of Carabidae (Coleoptera) in different farming systems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 95: 69-72.
18
19- Menalled, F. D., Smith, R. G., Dauer, J. T., and Fox, T. B. 2007. Impact of agricultural management on carabid communities and weed seed predation. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 118: 49-54.
19
20- Nicholsa, E., Spectora, S., Louzadab, J., Larsenc, T., Amezquitad, S., and Favilad, M.E. 2008. Ecological functions and ecosystem services provided by Scarabaeinae dung beetles. Biological Conservation 141: 1461–1474.
20
21- Oberg, S., Ekbom, B., and Bommarco, R. 2007. Influence of habitat type and surrounding landscape on spider diversity in Swedish agroecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 122: 211–219.
21
22- Read, J.L., and Andersen, A.N. 2000. The value of ants as early warning bioindicators: responses to pulsed cattle grazing at an Australian arid zone locality. Journal of Arid Environment 45: 231–251.
22
23- Rossi, J.P., and Blanchart, E. 2005. Seasonal and land-use induced variations of soil macrofauna composition in the Western Ghats, southern India. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 37: 1093–1104.
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24- SAS Institute Inc. 2003. SAS/STAT Release 9.1. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
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25- Schellhorn, N.A., and Sork, V.L. 1997. The impact of weed diversity on insect population dynamics and crop yield in collards, Brassica oleraceae (Brassicaceae). Oecologia 111: 233-240.
25
26- Schmelz, E.A., Alborn, H.T., Engelberth, J., and Tumlinson, J.H. 2003. Nitrogen deficiency increases volicitin-induced volatile emission, jasmonic acid accumulation, and ethylene sensitivity in maize. Plant Physiology 133: 295–306.
26
27- Siemann, E. 1998. Experimental test of effects of plant productivity and diversity on grassland arthropod diversity. Ecology 79: 2057–2070.
27
28- Sileshi, G., and Mafongoya, P.L. 2006. Long-term effects of improved legume fallows on soil invertebrate macrofauna and maize yield in eastern Zambia. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 115: 69–78.
28
29- Smith, J., Potts, S., and Eggleton, P. 2008. Evaluating the efficiency of sampling methods in assessing soil macrofauna communities in arable systems. European Journal of Soil Biology 44: 271-276.
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30- Ter Braak, C.J.F. and Smilauer, P. 1998. CANOCO Reference manual and user’s guide to Canoco for Windows: Software for Canonical Community Ordination (version 4). Microcomputer Power, Ithaca.
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31- Tsiafouli, M.A., Kallimanis, A.S., Katana, E., Stamou, G.P., and Sgardelis, S.P. 2005. Responses of soil microarthropods to experimental short-term manipulations of soil moisture. Applied Soil Ecology 29: 17–26.
31
32- Weibull, A.C., Ostman, O., and Granqvist, A. 2003. Species richness in agroecosystems: the effect of landscape, habitat and farm management. Biodiversity and Conservation 12: 1335–1355.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of deficit irrigation on growth and yield of spring safflowers (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes in Birjand
Deficit of oil seeds and high volume of oil imports in Iran, and limitation of water sources against production of many oil seed crops, demonstrate the importance of detection tolerant species and cultivars for stressful conditions and their most sensitive growth stages to saline stress. In order to study response of spring safflowers (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes to disruption irrigation in different reproductive growth stages and also to determine their most sensitive growth stage to stress induced by deficit irrigation, an experiment was conducted in a spilt plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with four replications at Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Birjand, Iran during 2007-2008. Irrigation regimes (full irrigation (whole season irrigation), irrigation until grain filling stage, irrigation until flowering, and irrigation until heading-bud) stages; and three cultivars (Mahali Isfahan, Isfahan28 and IL111) were arranged in main plots and subplots, respectively. The results showed that increasing distance between irrigations caused early maturation, reduce of growth duration, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, crop growth rate and grain yield in all genotypes and detection in these parameters in Mahali Isfahan was the lost amount. Overall, it seems that local genotype (Mahali Isfahan) had higher adaptability to deficit water in southern Khorasan conditions due to its nativeness. Finally, it was determined that heading-bud stage of safflower was very sensitive to water deficit, and water limitation at this stage, could considerably decrease growth duration, growth indices and grain yield. Thus, watering at heading-bud stage is the most important parameter for improving safflower grain yield.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_28830_f89e6d5cd197f1f5cd1c159d036d834a.pdf
2010-12-22
627
639
10.22067/jag.v2i4.8801
Growth indices
grain yield
Phonology stages
Bibi Elaheh
Moosavi Far
e.moosavifar@yahoo.com
1
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Ali
Behdani
mabehdani@birjand.ac.ir
2
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran.
AUTHOR
Majid
Jami Al-Ahmadi
mjamialahmadi@birjand.ac.ir
3
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Saeed
Hosaini Bojd
4
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
1- Abel, G.H. 1976. Effects of irrigation regimes, planting date, nitrogen levels, and spacing on safflower cultivar. Agronomy Journal 68: 448-451.
1
2- Arnon, I. 1972. Crop production in dry areas. Vol. II: Systematic treatment of the principal crops. Leonard Hill, London.
2
3- Bagheri, M. 1995. Effects of planting date on yield and components yield of safflower cultivar. MSc. Thesis. Fac. Agric. Azad Islamic University Unit of Khurasghan, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)
3
4- Banon, S., Fernandez, J.A., Franco, J.A., Torrecilas, A., Alarcon, J.J., and Sanchez- Blanco, M.J. 2004. Effects of water stress and night temperature preconditioning on water relation and anatomical change of Lotus creticus Plants. Science Horticulture 101: 333- 342.
4
5- Behdani, M.A., and Jami Al-Ahmadi, M. 2008. Evaluation of growth and yield safflower cultivars in different planting dates. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 6(2): 245-254. (In Persian with English Summary)
5
6- Dadashi, N., and Khajepure, M.R. 2004. Effects of planting date and genotype on components yield and safflower yield in Isfahan. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Source 8 (3):95-111. (In Persian with English Summary)
6
7- Emam, E., and Zavareh, M. 2005. Tolerate of drought in plants. Tehran University Publisher. 107-108.
7
8- Farid, N. and Ehsanzadeh, P. 2006. Yield and components yield of safflower genotypes and their response to shading treatment on heading and near leaves in spring planting condition in Isfahan. Agricultural Science and Natural Source 10: 189-198. (In Persian with English Summary)
8
9- Haedarizadeh, P., and Khajepure, M.R. 2007.Response of safflower genotypes to planting date. Journal of Sciences and Methods of Natural Resources 42: 69-80. (In Persian with English Summary)
9
10- Hang, A.N., and Evans, D.W. 1985. Deficit sprinkler irrigation of sunflower and safflower. Agronomy Journal 77: 588-592.
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11- Hashemi Dezfouli, A. 1994. Growth and yield of safflower as affected by drought stress. Crop Research Hisar 7 (3): 313-319.
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12- Hill, A.B., and Knowles, P.F. 1968. Fatty acid composition of the oil of development seed of different varieties of safflower. Crop Science 8: 273-277.
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13- Iramki, S.D., Haman, D.Z., and Bastug, R. 2000. Determination of crop water stress indexfor irrigation timing and yield estimation of corn. Agronomy Journal 92: 1221-1234.
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14- Karimi, M., and Azizi, M. 1994. Growth Analyzes of Crop Plants. Jahadeh Daneshgahi Publisher, Mashhad. (In Persian)
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15- Koocheki, A.R., and Sarmadnia, G. 2000. Crop Plants Physiology. Jahadeh Daneshgahi Publisher, Mashhad. (In Persian)
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16- Levitt, J. 1980. Response of plants to environmental stresses. Vol. 2. Water, Radiation, Salt and otherstresses. Academic Press. Pp. 697.
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17- Mahmudieh, R., Ehsanzadeh, P., and Saeidi, G. 2006. Effect of genotype and shading of heading and near leaves on components yield and safflower yield in Isfahan. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1(37): 157-165. (In Persian with English Summary)
17
18- Mogensen, V.O., and Talukder, M.S.V. 1987. Grain yield of spring wheat in relation to water stress 2. Growth rate of grains during drought. Cereal Research Communications 15: 247-253.
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19- Mundel, H.H., Morrison, R.J., Blackshaw, R.E., Entz, T., Roth, B.T., Gaudiel, R. and Kiehn, F. 1994. Seedling -date effects on yield, quality and maturity of safflower. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 74: 261-266.
19
20- Naderi, M.R., Nurmohammadi, G., Majidi, A., Darvish, F., and Shirani rad, A.H. 2004. Response of three summer safflower to different intensities drought stress. Journal of Agriculture Sciences 4: 3-14. (In Persian with English Summary)
20
21- Nielsen, D.C. 1996. Potential of canola as a dry land crop in north eastern Colorado. P. 281-287. In: Journal Janick progress in new crops. ASHS Press. Alexanderia, VA.
21
22- Ourcut, D., and Nilsen, E.T. 2000. Salinity and drought stress. In Physiology of Plants under Stress. KA/PP. pp: 177-235.
22
23- Pandya, N.K., Gupta, S.C., and Nagda, A.K. 1996. Path analysis of some yield contributing traits in safflower. Crop Research Hisar 11: 313-318.
23
24- Passioura, J.B. 1996. Drought and drought tolerance. Plant and growth regulation 20: 79-83.
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25- Rawson, H.M., and Turner, N.C. 1982. Recovery from water stress in five sunflower cultivars. I. Effect of the timing of water application on leaf area and seed production. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 9: 437-443.
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26- Taiz, L., and Ziger, E. 1991. Plant physiology. The Benjamin Cumming Publishing Company PP: 346- 356.
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27- Tavakoli, A. 2002. Evaluation of the effect of irrigation disruption in different growth stages on yield and components yield safflower plant. MSc. Thesis. Fac. Agric. Tehran Univ., Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)
27
28- Tavusi, M. 2007. Evaluation of effects of intervals irrigation on yield and seed oil content of spring safflower cultivar in Isfahan region. MSc. Thesis. Azad Islamic University Unit of Khurasghan, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)
28
29- Terlestkaya, N. 2000. Water stress. American Society of Plant Biologist.
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30- Turmer, N.C., and Sorbado, M.A. 1987. Photosyntesis dry matter accumulation and distribution in the wild sunflower as influenced by water deficits. Field Crops Research 44: 435-442.
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31- Urie, A.L., Leinnger, L.N., and Zimmer, D.E. 1967. Development of safflower seed as influenced by wind rowing, varieties and season. Crop Science 7: 584-587.
31
32- Yasari, T., Shasavari, M.R., Barzegar, A.B., and Omidi, A.H. 2005.Study of growth stages and relation between it with seed yield in 10 genotypes of safflower. Journal of Pajouhesh & Sazandegi in Agriculture and Horticulture. 68: 75-83. (In Persian with English Summary)
32
33- Zand, A. 1995. Basic of morphological and physiological of different yield in safflower. MSc. Thesis. Ferdosi University, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)
33
34- Zheng, N., Futang, C., Xinchun, S., and Yanaci, W. 1993. Path analysis of correlated characters on flower yield of safflower. Third International Safflower Conf., Bijing, China. 582- 588 pp.
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Impact of humic acid on growth properties and yield components of three tomato varieties (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)
Extra use of chemical fertilizers in recent decades had resulted in pollution of water, soil and other environmental recourses. To investigate the effects of humic acid as an organic fertilizer on some yield components of three tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) varieties, an experiment was conducted during 2010 growing season at Khorasan-e-Razavi, Ahmadabad suburb of Mashhad. Experiment was arranged as split plots base on randomized complete block design with four levels of humic acid (0, 1, 1.5 and 2 kg.ha-1) and three tomato varieties (super CH, Estern and super chief) with three replications. The main plots were allocated to three tomato varieties and the subplots consisted of four humic acid levels. The results revealed that the humic acid with 1.5 kg.ha-1 application had significant effect on biomass, brix index and fruit weight among three varieties. The highest single fruit weight per plant (93.85 g) was obtained by super chief variety in 1.5 kg.ha-1 humic acid application. It was observed that among three varieties, yield per plant and the total yield were belong to super chief variety. The highest amounts of leaf numbers per plant among the varieties was belonged to stern variety. The interaction between humic acid levels and varieties showed that application of 1.5 kg.ha-1 humic acid to super chief variety had the highest total fruit weight per plant (1.97 kg per plant).
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_28851_fe5bdc592c787c65b99fcd6dcd070e56.pdf
2010-12-22
640
647
10.22067/jag.v2i4.8802
Brix index
Fruit weight
Organic manure
Nutrient Efficiency
Behnam
Salehi
be_salehi@yahoo.com
1
College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali
Bagherzadeh
abagher_ch@yahoo.com
2
College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Ghasemi
3
College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
1- Adani, F., genevini, P., Zaccheo, P., and Zocchi, G. 1998. The effect of commercial humic acid on tomato plant growth and mineral nutrition. Jornal of Plant Nutririon 21(3): 561-575.
1
2- Aiken, G.R., McKnight, D.M., Wershaw, R.L., and Mac Carthy, P. 1985. Humic substances in soil, sediment and water. Wiley-Interscience, New York, USA.
2
3- Asghari pour, M.R. 2008. Compost effect on the emergence and growth of tomato seedlings. First National Congress of Tomato Processing Technology - January 1387 - Holy Mashhad. (In Persian)
3
4- Astaraei, A.R., and Ivani, R. 2008. Efect of organic souces as foliar spray and root madia on nutrition if cowpea plant. American – Eurasian Journal of Agriculture Environmental Science 3(3): 352-356.
4
5- Aydin, A., Turan, M., and Sezen, Y. 1999. Effect of fulvic+humic application on yield nutrient uptake in sunflower (Heliantus annus) and corn (Zea mays). Soil Science 6: 249-252.
5
6- Azizi, M., Baghbani, M., Lakzyan, A., and Arooee, H. 2007. Effect of different doses of vermicompost and dilatory wash sprayed on morphological characteristics and the amount of active substance basil. Agricultural Science and Technology (2): 52 -41. (In Persian with English Summary)
6
7- Cacco, G., and Dell’Agnolla, G. 1984. Plant growth regulator activity of soluble humicsubstances. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 64: 25-28.
7
8- Chen, Y., and Aviad, T. 1990. Effects of humic substances on plant growth. In: P. MacCarthy et al. (eds.) Humic Substances in Soil and Crop Science: Selected readings. SSSA and ASA, Madison, WI, U.S.A 161-186.
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9- Cooper, R.J., Liu, C.H., and Fisher, D.S. 1998. Influence of humic substances on rooting and nutrient content of creeping bentgrass. Crop Science 38: 1639-1644.
9
10- David, P.P., Nelson, P.V., and Sanders, D.C. 1994. A humic acid improves growth of tomato seedling in solution culture. Journal of Plant Nutrition 17: 173-184
10
11- Dursun, A., Guvenc, I., and Turan, M. 2002. Effect of different levels of humic acid on seedling growth and macro- and micronutrient contents of tomato and eggplant. ACTA Agrobotanical 56: 81-88.
11
12- Garcia-Mina, J. M., Antolin, M.C., and Sanchez-Diaz, M. 2004. Complexes and plant micronutrient uptake: a study based on different plant species cultivated in diverse soil types. Plant and Soil 258(1): 57-68.
12
13- Harper, S.M., Kerven, G.L., Edwards, D.G., and Ostatek-Boczynski, Z. 2000. Characterisation of fulvic and humic acids from leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and from decomposed hay. Soil Biochemical 32: 1331-1336.
13
14- Hemantaranjan, A., and Gray, O.K. 1988. Iron and Zinc nutrition of corn in an calcareous soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition 18(10): 2271-22261.
14
15- Jones, C.A., Jacobsen, J.S., and Mugaas, A. 2004. Effect of humic acid on phosphorus availability and spring wheat yield. Facts Fertilizer 32.
15
16- Kauser, A., and Azam, F. 1985. Effect of humic acid on wheat seeding growth. Environmental and Experimental Botany 25: 245 – 252.
16
17- Liu, C., and Cooper, R.J. 2000. Humic substances influence creeping bentgrass growth. Golf Course Management 49-53.
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18- Liu, C., Cooper, R.J., and Bowman, D.C. 1996. Humic acid application affects photosynthesis, root development, andnutrient content of creeping bentgrass. Crop Science 33: 1023–1025.
18
19- Michael, K. 2001. Oxidized lignites and extracts from oxidizwd lignites in agriculture. Soil Science 1-23.
19
20- Mustafa, P., Türkmeno, and Dursun, A. 2010. Effects of potassium and humic acid on emergence, growth and nutrient contents of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) seedling under saline soil conditions. African Journal of Biotechnology 9(33): 5343-5346.
20
21- Neri, D., Lodolini, E.M., Luciano, M., Sabbatini, P., and Savini, G. 2002. The persistance of humic acid droplets on leaf surface. International Symposium on Foliar Nutrition of Perennial Fruit Plants, ISHS Acta Horticulturae 594: 303-314.
21
22- Nikbakht, A., Kafi, M., Babalar, M., Xia, Y.P., Luo, A., and Etemadi, N.A. 2008. Effect of humic acid on p growth, nutrient uptake, and postharvest life of Gerbera. Journal of Plant Nutrition 31: 2155-2167.
22
23- Noori Hosseini, S., Khoogar, M., and Ahmed Pur, Z.A. 2007. Study of organic fertilizers in agriculture tomato. The first National Congress of Tomato Processing Technology - January 2008 - Holy Mashhad. (In Persian)
23
24- Norman, Q., Clive, A., Edwards, A., Stephen, L., and Byrne, R. 2006. Effects of humic acids from vermicomposts on plant growth. European Journal of Soil Biology 42: S65–S69.
24
25- Phanuphong, R., and Gregory, J. P. 2003. The effect of humic acid and phosphoric acid on grafted hass avocado Mexican seedling rootstocks. Proceedings World Avocado Congress (Actas V Congreso Mundial del Aguacate). Pp. 395-400.
25
26- Radpour, S., Sohani, A.R., and Rousta Nezhad, M.R. 2007. Effects of organic and inorganic elements on quantitative characteristics of tomato cultivars Mobil. The first National Congress of Tomato Processing Technology - January 2008 - Holy Mashhad. (In Persian)
26
27- Sahar, M., Zaghloul, E., Fatma, M., El-Quesni, B., and Mazhar, A. 2009. Influence of potassium humate on growth and chemical constituents of Thuja orientalis L seedlings. Ozean Journal of Applied Sciences 2(1): 1943-2429.
27
28- Salman, S.R., Abou-hussein, S.D., Abdel-Mawgoud, A.M.R., and El-Nemr, M.A. 2005 Fruit yield and quality of watermelon as affected by hybridsand humic acid application. Journal of Applied Sciences Research 1(1): 51-58.
28
29- Samavat, S., Malakuti, M., Samavat, S., and Malakooti, M. 2006. Important use of organic acid (humic and fulvic) for increase quantity and quality agriculture productions. Water and Soil Researchers Technical Issue 463: 1-13.
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30- Stephan, W.K., and Charles, W.J. 1994. Experimentation with Arkansas lignite to identify organic soil supplements suitable to regional agricultural needs. Proposal. Arkansas Technology University. Russellville, AR72801 (501): 968-0202.
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31- Vaughan, D., and Malcolm, R.E. 1979. Effect of soil organic matter on peroxidase activity of wheat roots. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 11: 57-63.
31
32- Wang, X.J., Wang, Z.Q., and Li, S.G. 1995. The effect of humic acids on the availability of phosphorus fertilizers in alkaline soils. Soil Use Manage 11: 99-102.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Autecology of Astragalus arpilobus Kar. & Kir, a promised species for restoration of the winter rangelands in the northeast of Iran
Studying the autecology of range plants provides the basic information on their ecological requirements, cultivation methods and the interactions with the prevailing environment. Such information is necessary for a proper range management. Some ecological characteristics of Astragalus arpilobus Kar. & Kir., were studied in the winter rangelands of Northern Khorasan province. It was naturally growing in Jargalan, Bojnourd, where the altitudinal range varied 500-600 a.s.l, slope 20-100%, and the average annual rainfall 236.85 mm. Soil properties were: loamy texture, average organic matter, low fertility, pH 7.32 and EC 2.30 ds.m-1. A. aripilobus started vegetative growth at the early March, flowering during early May, seed production during June, and terminated its yearly growth at early July. The highest nutritive values and forage quality were at the beginning of growth, which was gradually decreased towards the end of growth season. Crude protein (CP), and ash were decreased whereas acid detergent fiber (ADF), natural detergent fiber (NDF), and dry matter (DM) increased by the growing season. Seeds were easily established within pots; however, seed germination rate was low (24%), which by sand paper scarification was increased up to 51%. In conclusion, feasibility of seedling establishment, high nutritive value, and concurrence of plant phenology with the time of maximum need to fodder, by livestocks, propose A. arpilobus as a promising forage plant species for restoration of the winter rangelands in Northern Khorasan province.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_28893_663dab4366de47d8ec7285289641894d.pdf
2010-12-22
648
657
10.22067/jag.v2i4.8803
Annual Astragalus
Autecology
Forage quality
Germination
northern Khorasan
M.
Jankju
mjankju@um.ac.ir
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
F.
Mellati
mellati@um.ac.ir
2
AUTHOR
F.
Noedoost
3
AUTHOR
A.
Bozorgmehr
4
AUTHOR
1- Abarsaji, G., Shahmoradi, A., and Zarekia, S. 2007. Autecology of Hedysarum Kopetdaghi in Golestan Province, Iran. Journal of Range and Desert Research 14(3): 421-431. (In Persian with English Summary)
1
2- AOAC, Association of Official Analytic Chemists. 1990. Official methods of analysis ed. 15th.Washington. DC.
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3- Arzani, H., Zohdi, M., Fisher, E., Zaheddi Amiri, G.H., Nikkhah, A., and Wester, D. 2004. Phenological effects on forage quality of five grass species. Journal of Range Management 57: 624-630.
3
4- Arzani, H., Kaboli, S.H., Nikkhah, A., and Jalili, A. 2005. An introduction of the most important factors in range species for determination of nutrient values. Iranian Journal of Natural Research 57(4): 777-790. (In Persian with English Summary)
4
5- Asri, Y. 2004. Flora, life forms and chorotypes of plants in the Kavir Biosphere. Journal of Science and Technology in Agriculture and Natural Resources 7 (4): 247-260. (In Persian with English Summary)
5
6- Azhir, F., and Shahmoradi, A.A. 2007. Autecology of Ferula ovina Boiss in Tehran Province. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research 14(3): 359-367. (In Persian with English Summary)
6
7- Azizi, K., and Amini Dehaghi, M. 2004. Growth and development of three annual Medicago species under different air and root zone temperatures. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi 64: 58-66. (In Persian with English Summary)
7
8- Chen, C.S., Wang, S.M., and Chang, Y.K. 2001. Climatic factors, acid detergent fiber, natural detergent fiber and crude protein contents in digitgrass. Proceeding of the XIX International Grassland Congress, Brazil. p 110
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9- Cruz, E.D., and Carvalho, E.U.D. 2006. Methods of overcoming dormancy in Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke (Leguminosae – Caesalpinioideae) seeds. Revista Brasileira de Sementes 28(3): 108-115.
9
10- Ghaderi Vangah, B., Safaeeian, N., and Sadeghi, S.H.R. 2008. The effect of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) sowing on some vegetation characteristics of natural rangelands. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi 79: 166-172. (In Persian with English Summary)
10
11- Habibian, S.H. 1995. Lay farming, incorporation of agronomy and husbandry in the rainfed croplands of Iran and Australia. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi 28: 69-71. (In Persian with English Summary)
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12- Heshmati, G.A., Baghani, M., and Bazrafshan, O. 2007. Comparison of nutritional values of 11 rangeland species in eastern part of Golestan province. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi 73: 90-95. (In Persian with English Summary)
12
13- Hoveizeh, H., and Shahmoradi, A.A. 2009. Autecology of Cenchrus ciliaris in Khuzestan province. Iranian Journal Range and Desert Research. 16(2): 200-208. (In Persian with English Summary)
13
14- HUJI, 2009. Flora of Palestine online. http://flora.huji.ac.il/
14
15- IRIMO, 2010. Islamic Republic of Iran Meteorological Organization. http://www.irimet.net.
15
16- Jafari Haghighi, M. 2003. Methods of Soil Analysis, Sampling and Important Physical and Chemical Analysis "with Emphasis on Theoretical and Applied Principles". Neday Zahi Press, 236 pp. (In Persian)
16
17- Jankju, M. 2009. Range Improvement and Development. Jihad Daneshgahi Mashhad Press, Mashhad, Iran, 239 pp. (In Persian)
17
18- Jankju-Borzelabad, M., and Tavakkoli, M. 2008. Investigating seed germination of 10 arid-land plant species. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research 15(2): 215-226. (In Persian with English Summary)
18
19- Kaye, T.N. 1999. From flowering to dispersal: reproductive ecology of an endemic plant, Astragalus australis var. olympicus (Fabaceae). American Journal of Botany. 86(9): 1248–1256.
19
20- Kazempour Osaloo, S., Maassoumi, A.A., and Murakami, N. 2003. Molecular systematic of the genus Astragalus L. (Fabaceae): phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers and chloroplast gene ndhF sequences. Plant Systematic and Evolution 242:1–32.
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21- Kazempour Osaloo, S., and Maassoumi, A.A. 2005. Molecular systematics of the Old World Astragalus (Fabaceae) as inferred from nrDNA ITS sequence data. Brittonia 57(4): 367-381.
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22- Keshtkar, A.R., Keshtkar, H.R., Razavi, S.M., and Dalfardi, S. 2008. Methods to break seed dormancy of Astragalus Cyclophyllon. African Journal of Biotechnology 7(21): 3874-3877.
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23- Krylova, N.P. 1979. Seed propagation of legumes in natural meadows of the U.S.S.R. Agro-Ecosystems 5(1): 1-22.
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24- Mahmoudi, M., Masoumi, A.A., and Hamzehei, B. 2009. Geographic distribution of Astragalus (Fabaceae) in Iran. Rostaniha 10(1): 112-132. (In Persian with English Summary).
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25- Masoumi, A.A. 2003. Flora of Iran no. 43: Papilionaceae (Astragalus I). Research Institute of Forest and Rangeland. Page 26. (In Persian)
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26- Moghaddam, M.R. 1998. Rangeland and the Range Management. Tehran University Press, Tehran, Iran. Pages 20-115. (In Persian)
26
27- Moshtaghyan, M.B., Keshtkar, H.R., Esmaeili Sharif, M., and Razavi, S.M. 2009. Planting methods effects on Astragalus cyclophyllon establishment. Iranian Journal Range and Desert Research 16(1): 79-84. (In Persian with English Summary)
27
28- Ramak Masoumi, A.A. 1986. Astragalus L. vol 1 Annuals. Research Institute of Forest and Rangeland 326 pp. (In Persian)
28
29- Sadat Azimi, M., Mesdaghi, M., Farahpur, M., Riadzi, H., and Iravani, M. 2005. Ecological investigation on Astragalus adscendens in Ferydoonshahr, Isfahan. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research 12(4): 499-525. (In Persian with English Summary)
29
30- Schwienbacher, E., and Erschbamer, B. 2001. Longevity of seeds in a glacier foreland of the central Alps– a burial experiment. Bulletin of the Geobotanical Institute Eth 68: 63–71.
30
31- Shi, Z.Y., Feng, G., Christie, P., and Li, X.L. 2006. Arbuscular mycorrhizal status of spring ephemerals in the desert. Mycorrhiza 16: 269–275.
31
32- Shirmardi, H., Boldaji, F., Mesdaghi, M., and Chamani, A. 2003. Determination of nutritional value of six species range plants in Yekkeh Chenar, Maraveh Tappeh area (Golestan province). Journal of Agriculture Science and Natural Resource 10(1): 131-149. (In Persian with English Summary)
32
33- Silveira, F.A.O., and Fernandes, G.W. 2006. Effect of light, temperature and scarification on the germination of Mimosa foliolosa (Leguminosae) seeds. Seed Science and Technology 34: 607-614.
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34- Taeb, F., Zarre, S., Podlech, D., Tillich, H.J., Kazempour Osaloo, S., and Maassoumi, A.A. 2007. A contribution to the phylogeny of annual species of Astragalus (Fabaceae) in the Old World using hair micromorphology and other morphological characters. Feddes Repertorium 118(5–6): 206–227.
34
35- Veasey, E.A., and Martins, P.S. 1991. Variability in seed dormancy and germination potenitial in Desmodium Desv. (Leguminosae). Review paper on Brazil Journal of Genetics 14(2): 527-545.
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38- Yibing, Q., Zhaoning, W.U., Ruifeng, Z., and Liyun, Z. 2008. Vegetation patterns and species–environment relationships in the Gurbantunggut Desert of China. Journal of Geographic Science 18: 400-414.
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39- Zare Kia, S., and Omidbaigi, R. 2006. Autecology of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) in Behdasht Region of Noor. Iranian Journal Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 22(2): 135-139. (In Persian with English Summary)
39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of irrigation intervals on some morphophysiological traits of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) ecotypes
In order to evaluate the effect of different irrigation intervals on some morphophysiological traits of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), an experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions during 2009. The experiment was based on a randomized completely design with three replications. Treatments included four irrigation intervals with 4, 8, 12 and16 days intervals and two ecotypes of sesame (Kalat and Se-ghaleh). The results showed that there were significant differences in plant height, node number, internodes length, capsule number, capsule weight and shoot dry weight between irrigation intervals. With increasing irrigation intervals, the mentioned traits decreased. Se-ghaleh was more drought tolerant than Kalate ecotype. Interaction between irrigation intervals and ecotypes showed that, the best treatment related to four days irrigation interval and Se- ghaleh ecotype. The effect of irrigation intervals on surface area, diameter, total length, volume and dry weight of root was significant. In all irrigation intervals, Se-ghaleh showed better performance. The results showed that increased irrigation interval caused a decreasing in root surface area, but increasing in total root length. With increasing irrigation interval, transpiration and photosynthesis rates significantly decreased. It was concluded that increasing irrigation interval up to 12 days decreased shoot and root surface areas. The Se-ghaleh ecotype was more drought tolerance than Kalat.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_28934_ed84ac2f5ead1b8547b43350e6337915.pdf
2010-12-22
658
666
10.22067/jag.v2i4.8804
Drought tolerance
Photosynthesis rate
Root
Shoot
Transpiration rate
Morteza
Goldani
goldani@um.ac.ir
1
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1- Blum, A. 2005. Drought resistance, water-use efficiency, and yield potential-are they compatible, dissonant, or mutually exclusive? Australian Journal of Agriculture 56: 1159-1168.
1
2- Emam, Y., and Zavarehi, M. 2005. Drought tolerance in higher (Genetically, Physiological and Molecular Biological Analysis). Academic Publishing Center of Tehran. (In Persian)
2
3- Golestani, M., and Pakniat, H. 2008. Evaluation of tolerance to drought characters in the Sesamum lines. Sciences and Technologies of Agriculture and Natural Resources 41: 141-149.
3
4- Goyal, V., Sudha, J., and Bishnoi, N., 1998. Effect of terminal water stress on stomatal resistance, transpiration, and canopy temperature and millet yield. Annual Agriculture Biology Research 3: 119-122.
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5- Gregory, P.J. 2006. Plant Roots (Growth, Activity and Interaction with Soils), Blackwell Publishing pp: 150-173.
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6- http://www.uidaho.edu/extension/drought/Sentinel26.
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7- John, T., Christopher, A.M., Borrel, A.M., Manschadi, G., Hammer, G., and Chapman, S. 2004. Developing high yielding wheat for water limited environments in northern Australia. Proceedings of the 4th International Crop Science Congress Brisbane, Australia, 26 Sep – 1 Oct.
7
8- Kafi, M., and Damghani, A. 2000. Mechanism of environmental stress resistance in plants. Ferdowi University of Mashhad Publication. (In Persian).
8
9- Kafi, M., Lahootee, M., Zand, E., Shareefee, H.R., and Goldani, M. 2000. Plant Physiology. Jahadeh Daneshgahi Press. PP. 355-340. (In Persian)
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10- Keshavarse, M., Ashrafi, A., and Razmjo, K.H. 2009. Effect of NaCl salt on seed germination of 7 Sesamum cultivars. The First National Conference on Science and Technology Iran’s Seed.
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11- Kobata, T., Palta, J.A., and Turner, N.C. 1992. Rate of development of postanthesis water deficits and grain filling of spring wheat. Crop Sciense 32: 1238-1242.
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15- Sepaskhah, A.R. and Andam, M. 2001. Crop coefficient of sesame in a semi arid region of Iran. Agriculture Water Management 49: 51-63.
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16- Sharp, R.E., and Lenoble, M.E. 2002. ABA, ethylene and the control of shoot and root growth under water stress. Journal of Experimental Botany 53: 33-37.
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17- Siddique, M.R.B., Hamid, A., and Islam, M.S. 2000. Drought stress effects on water relations of wheat. Botanical Bulletin Academia Sinica 41: 35-39.
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18- Simane, B.P., Struik, C., Nachit, M.M., and Peacock, J.M. 1993. Ontogenic analysis of yield components and yield stability of durum wheat in water-limited environments. Euphytica 71: 211-219.
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22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of different crop management systems on net primary productivity and relative carbon allocation coefficients for corn (Zea mays L.)
In order to evaluate the effect of different crop management practices on corn (Zea mays L.) net primary productivity (NPP) and relative carbon allocation coefficients, a field experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized block design with four replications in the Agricultural Research Station, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran during two growing season 2008-2009 and 2009-2010. Treatments including two low input management systems based on application of cow manure and compost municipal made from house-hold waste, a medium input system and a high input system. Application of inputs and management practices were based on a basic assumption made prior to the start of the experiment. On the other words, for each of the management system the particular set of inputs were allocated. In this respect, for low input system 30 t.ha-1 cow manure or 30 t.ha-1 compost municipal made from house-hold waste, twice hand weeding were used. In medium management system, 15 t.ha-1 compost municipal made from house-hold waste, 150 kg.ha-1 urea, two seed bed operations, 1.5 l.ha-1 2, 4-D herbicide applied at five-leaf stage and one time hand weeding were used. In high input system, the inputs were two seed bed operations, 2 l.ha-1 Paraquat herbicide used after seeding and 1.5 l.ha-1 2, 4-D applied at five-leaf stage. Results showed that the effect of different crop management practices on the shoot biomass, seed weight, root biomass, total biomass, shoot biomass: root biomass (S:R), SRL and HI were significant (p≥0.01). High input management system enhanced total biomass and S:R and decreased seed weight, root biomass and SRL. The highest and the lowest total biomass observed in high input (18.3 kg.m-2.yr-1) and low input with using compost (10.3 kg.m-2.yr-1), respectively. The maximum SRL observed in low input based on cow manure application (19.8 cm.cm-3 soil) and the minimum SRL was in high input (1.3 cm.cm-3 soil). Range of relative carbon allocation coefficients to seed, shoot, root and extra-root were estimated as 0.10-0.17, 0.19-0.52, 0.23-0.39 and 0.15-0.25, respectively. Low input with cow manure application increased allocated carbon to seed, root and extra-root and decreased allocated carbon to shoot. The highest allocated carbon to root observed in low input with using manure (6.5 g C m-2.yr-1) and the lowest allocated carbon to root was in high input (2.7 g C m-2.yr-1). The maximum and the minimum NPP were obtained in low input with cow manure application (16.6 g C m-2.yr-1) and high input (8.9 g C m-2.yr-1), respectively. It seems that crop management system based on low input of cow manure application enhanced carbon allocation to below-ground biomass of corn due to improvement in soil physical, chemical and biological properties and also nutrient availability which could be regarded as an alternative to reduce CO2 production and moderate climate changes.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_28985_027bdc1f18f1d7e6feedaf5e7c52e54f.pdf
2010-12-22
667
680
10.22067/jag.v2i4.8805
Above-ground net primary productivity
Below-ground net primary productivity
Climate change
Extra-root
Relative coefficient of carbon allocation
Surur
Khorramdel
khorramdel@um.ac.ir
1
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
AliReza
Koocheki
akooch@um.ac.ir
2
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Nassiri Mahallati
mnassiri@um.ac.ir
3
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Khorasani
khorasani@um.ac.ir
4
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
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