ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study of food security based on the concept of virtual water trade and ecological water foot print (Case study: Khorasan Razavi Province)
Khorasan Razavi province with the total precipitations of less than 225 mm/year and total area of irrigated area of 1087466 hectare is considered as one of the most important agricultural region in Iran. This province has also important role in local and national economy. Lack of Perennial River and little amount of surface water has caused 1.06 billion cubic meter of over withdrawn from ground water resources. For this reason 35 ground water basins out of 39 have been banned for more exploitation. 12 basins are also in a very critical condition. Since virtual water trade has been accepted as a tool for combating water scarcity, this research project was conducted to study the import-export of virtual water as well as its balance, and ecological water foot print in this province. Khorasan Razavi, has imported 771.7 mcm and exported 434 mcm of virtual water through international agricultural crops trade. Net virtual water of Khorasan Razavi was about 338 mcm in 2006. Agricultural water footprint of Iran in 2006 has estimated to be about 9.6 bcm or 1740 m3/yr/cap. The results show that water resources situation in this province is not in a good condition and in a near future providing food security will be faced with problems if not any solution be implemented
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_25871_e98eb33d704066cb96af9aaed6666978.pdf
2009-03-21
10.22067/jag.v1i1.2649
Net virtual water import
Virtual water trade
Water footprint
Azam
Arabi Yazdi
zamarabi@gmail.com
1
h
LEAD_AUTHOR
Amin
Alizadeh
se.seyyedi@mail.um.ac.ir
2
h
AUTHOR
Saeed
Nairizi
3
h
AUTHOR
1- Alizadeh, A., Keshavarz, A., 2005. Status of agricultural water use in Iran. Water Conservation, Reuse and Recycling: Proc. of an Iranian-American Workshop, from http//:www.nap.Edu/catalog/1124.html.
1
2- Hoekstra, A. Y. (Ed.). 2003. Virtual water trade: processing of the international expert meeting on virtual water trade. Value of the Water Research Report Series. No. 12, UNESCO-IHE, Delft, the Netherlands.
2
3- Hoekstra, A. Y., Hung. P.Q., 2002. Virtual water trade: A quantification of virtual water flows between nations in relation to international crop trade. Value of the Water Research Report Series. No. 11, UNESCO-IHE, Delft.
3
4- Allan, J. A., 1998. Virtual water: A strategic resource, global solution to regional deficits, Groundwater 36, 545-546,.
4
5- Chapagain, A. K, Hoekstra, A. Y., Savenije. H. H. G., 2006. Water saving through international trade of agricultural product.Hydrol. Earth Syst. 10, 455-468.
5
6- Chapagain, A. K, Hoekstra, A. Y., Savenije. H. H. G., Gautam. R., 2006. The water footprint of cotton consumption : An assessment of the impact of worldwide consumption of cotton products on the water resources in the cotton producing countries. Ecological Economics. 60, 186-203.
6
7- Chapagain, A. K., Hoekstra, A.Y., Savenije, H. H. G., 2005. Saving water through global trade. Value of Water Research Report Series No. 17, UNESCO-IHE, Delft, the Netherlands.
7
8- Chapagain, A. K., Hoekstra. A.Y., 2004. Water footprint of nations. Value of the Water Research Report Series No. 16, UNESCO-IHE, Delft., the Netherlands.
8
9- Ehsani, M., Khledi, H., 2003. Agricultural water productivity. IRNCID.Tehran.
9
10- Ghasem Zadeh Mojaveri, F., 2000.Water economic: Early condition of green economic, Green economic. April.
10
11- Hoekstra, A. Y., Hung. P.Q., 2005.Globalization of water resources : International virtual water flows in relation to crop trade. Glob. Environ. Change. 15, 45-56
11
12- Hoekstra, A.Y., Chapagain. A. K., 2007. Water footprint of nations :water use by people as a function of their consumption pattern. Water Resource Management 21(1):35-48.
12
13- Keshavarz, A., Sadeghzadeh, K., 2001. Management of water consume in agriculture.Shekarshekan. 38, 32-57.
13
14- Khorasan Razavi Province s Customs administration. 2007, from http://www.khorasancustoms.ir.
14
15- Ma, J., Hoekstra, A. Y., Wang, H., 2006. Virtual versus real water transfers within China. Philos.Transac. of the Royal Socie. 361, 835-842.
15
16- Mahmoodi, S., 1999. Management of water demand and water supply, two basis axis of sustainable development in water section. Water Environ. 18. 9-6.
16
17- Mazaheri, D., 2002. Food Security in Iran. Science Academy Islamic Republic of Iran.
17
18- Organization of Jihad–Agriculture of Khorasan Razavi Province.2007, from http://www.koaj.ir.
18
19- Rangani Jahromi, A., Mohamadi, R., 2006. Productivity study and water demand function on water agriculture (Jahrom City). Develop. Product. No 5.2.
19
20- Samadi, 2008.Assistance of planning & economics. Planning & Economical agriculture research institute. April. 7.
20
21- Van Oel, P.R., Mekonnen M.M., Hoekstra, A.Y., 2008.' The external water footprint of the Netherlands: Quantification and impact assessment. Value of Water Research Report Series. No. 33, UNESCO-IHE, Delft. The Netherlands
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of radiation interception and use by maize and bean intercropping canopy
Intercropping is one of the management methods for crop production and leads to improvement of resource absorption and use by plants. Based on this purpose the present field study was conducted to evaluate radiation absorption and uses efficiency in corn and bean strip intercropping at the farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran during 2009. The experiment was set up in completely randomized block with three replications. The experiment constituted 6 treatments: sole crops of maize and bean, maize/bean strip intercropping of 2, 3, 4 and 5 rows of maize and bean plants. This experiment was conducted in the low input production system. Each plot was 4×7.5 m in which within each plot the experimental treatments were based on replacement design. Results indicated that leaf area index, light absorption, total dry matter and radiation use efficiency of maize and bean increased in all intercropping treatments in comparison with sole cropping. Increasing of width of strip in the intercropping treatments in comparison with strip of 2 rows, with the exception of the radiation use efficiency (14.5% and 8.3%), lead to decreased leaf area index (34.2% and 5.5%), light absorption (20.5% and 11.2%) and total dry matter (1.5% and 13.1%) in maize and bean, respectively. With increasing width of strip, all of the measured traits decreased more in the central rows than the side rows. In both side rows and the central rows intercropping complementary effects was more on maize than bean in the measured traits. Average of maize and bean radiation use efficiency was from 1.65 & 0.98 in the sole cropping to 1.94 & 1.15 gMJ-1 in the strip of 2 rows, respectively.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_25902_fd3f9eb0bde2836436ce45eba2f266c4.pdf
2009-03-21
10.22067/jag.v1i1.2650
Maize
PGPR
Azospirillum
Pseudomonas
Nutrient uptake
Alireza
Koocheki
akooch@um.ac.ir
1
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Nassiri Mahallati
mnassiri@um.ac.ir
2
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Farzad
Mondani
f.mondani@razi.ac.ir
3
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hasan
Feizi
h.feizi@torbath.ac.ir
4
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Shahram
Amirmoradi
shahramamirmoradi@yahoo.com
5
Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture, Payam Noor university, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmad, F., Ahmad, I., Khan, M.S., 2006. Screening of free-living rhizospheric bacteria for their multiple plant
1
growth promoting activities. Microbial. Res. 36:1-9.
2
2- Bagyaraj, D.J., Menge, J.A., 1978. Interaction between a VA mycorrhiza and Azotobacter and their effects on
3
rhizosohere microflora and plant growth. New Phytol. 80: 567-573.
4
3- Baldani, V.L.D., Alvarez, M.A.B., 1987.Establishment inoculated Azospirillum Spp. in the rhizosphere and in roots
5
of field grown wheat and sorghum. Plant Soil. 90: 35-45.
6
4- Bashan, Y., Holguin, G., 1997. Azospirillum-plant relationships: environmental and physiological advances. Can. J.
7
Microbiol. 43: 103-121.
8
5- Bashan, Y., Holguin, G., de-Bashan, L., 2004. Azospirillum-plant relationships: physiological, molecular,
9
agricultural, and environmental advances. Can. J. Microbiol. 50: 521–577.
10
6- Bashan, Y., Harrison, S.K., Whitmoyer, R.E., 1990. Enhanced growth of wheat and soybean plants inoculated with
11
Azospirillum brasilense is not necessarily due to general enhancement of mineral uptake. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
12
56(3): 769-775.
13
7- Carlier, E., Rovera, M., Jaume, A. R., Rosas, S. B., 2008. Improvement of growth, under field conditions, of wheat
14
inoculated with Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. Aurantiaca. World. J. Microbiol. Biotech. 24(11): 2653-2658.
15
8- De Salomone, G., Dobereiner, J., 1996. Maize genotype effects on the response to Azospirillum inoculation. Biol.
16
Fertil. Soils. 21: 193-196.
17
9- Egamberdiyeva, D., 2007. The effect of plant growth promoting bacteria on growth and nutrient uptake of maize in
18
two different soils. Appl. Soil. Eco. 36: 184-189.
19
10- Egamberdiyevaa, D., Hoflich. G., 2003. Influence of growth-promoting bacteria on the growth of wheat in different
20
soils and temperatures. Soil Biol. Biochem. 35: 973–978.
21
نقش تلقیح مضاعف باکتری های آزوسپریلوم و سودوموناس … 31
22
11- Ferreira, M.C.B., Fernandes, M.S., Dobereiner, J., 1987. Role of Azospirillum brasilense nitrate reductase in nitrate
23
assimilation by wheat plants. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 4: 47-53.
24
12- Fulchieri, M., Frioni,L., 1994. Azospirillum inoculation on maize (Zea mays): effect on yield in a field experiment
25
in central Argentina. Soil biol. biochem.26: 921-923.
26
13- Glick, B.R., Penrose, D., Wendo, M., 2001. Bacterial promotion of plant growth. Biotech. adv. 19:135-138.
27
14- Glick, B. R., Liu ,C., Ghosh, S., Dumbroff, E. B., 1997. Early development of canola seedlings in the presence of
28
the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas putida GR12-2. Soil Biol. Biochem. 29: 1233–1239.
29
15- Okon, Y., Heytler, P.G., Hardy, R.W.F., 1983. N2 fixation by Azospirillum brasilense and its incorporation into
30
host Setaria italica. Appl.Environ. Microbiol. 46: 694-697.
31
16- Piao, Z., Cui, Z., Yin, B., Hu, J., Zhou, C., Xie, G., Su, B., Yin, S., 2005. Changes in acetylene reduction activities
32
and effects of inoculated rhizosphere nitrogen-fixing bacteria on rice. Biol. Fertil. Soils.41: 371–378.
33
17- Rudresha, D.L., Shivaprakasha, M.K., Prasad, R.D., 2005. Effect of combined application of Rhizobium, phosphate
34
solubilizing bacterium and Trichoderma spp. on growth, nutrient uptake and yield of chickpea (Cicer aritenium
35
L.).Appl. Soil. Eco. 28:139–146.
36
18- Saatovich, S.Z., 2006. Azospirilli of Uzbekistan soils and their influence on growth and development of wheat
37
plants. Plant & Soil. 283:137-145.
38
19- Sharaan, A. N., El-Samie, F.S.A., 1999. Response of wheat varieties to some environmental influences. 1. Effect of
39
seeding rates and N fertilization levels on growth and yield of two wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.). Ann.
40
Agric. Sci. 44: 589–601.
41
20- Siddiqui,I. A., Shaukat, S. S., 2002. Mixtures of plant disease suppressive bacteria enhance biological control of
42
multiple tomato pathogens. Biol. Fertil. Soil. 36: 260–268.
43
21- Wue, S.C., Cao, Z.H., Li, Z.G., Cheung, K.C., Wong, M. H., 2005. Effects of biofertilizer containing N-fixer, P and
44
K solubilizers and AM fungi on maize growth: a greenhouse trial. Geoderma. 125: 155–166.
45
22- Yasari, E., Patwardhan, A.M., 2007. Effects of Aztobacter and Azospirillium inoculations and chemical fertilizers
46
on growth and productivity of Canola. Asi. J. Plant. Sci. 6:77-82.
47
23- Zaied, K.A., Abd El-Hady, A.H., Sharief, A.E., Ashour, E.H., Nassef, M.A., 2007. Effect of Horizontal DNA
48
Transfer in Azospirillum and Azotobacter Strains on Biological and Biochemical Traits of Non-legume Plants. J.
49
Appl. Sci. Res. 3(1): 73-86.
50
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effects of co-inoculation of Azospirillum and Pseudomonas rhizobacteria on nutrient uptake of maize (Zea mays L.)
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has been identified as an alternative to chemical fertilizer to increase soil fertility and crop production in sustainable agriculture. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of single and co-inoculation of Azospirillum and Pseudomonas strains on plant growth and nutrient uptake of maize as a factorial experiment. Treatments included control, Azospirillum lipoferum DSM 1691, A.brasilense DSM 1690, Pseudomonas putida strain R-168, P.fluorescens strain R-93, P.fluorescens DSM 50090 and P.putida DSM291. Bacterial treatment significantly increased shoot, ear and seed dry weight, 100 seed weight and number of seeds per ear. Plants nutrient uptake of N, P, K, Fe and Cu were also significantly influenced by application of PGPR(s). Also, the experimental results show that inoculation consortia apparently work better when different bacteria were combined with each other.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_25906_ac0db63328b8a11093433a881d27aa7e.pdf
2009-03-21
10.22067/jag.v1i1.2651
Maize
PGPR
Azospirillum
Pseudomonas
Nutrient uptake
Somayeh
Nezarat
1
Shahrood Research Center, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahamd
Gholami
gholami@shahroodut.ac.ir
2
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmad, F., Ahmad, I., Khan, M.S., 2006. Screening of free-living rhizospheric bacteria for their multiple plant
1
growth promoting activities. Microbial. Res. 36:1-9.
2
2- Bagyaraj, D.J., Menge, J.A., 1978. Interaction between a VA mycorrhiza and Azotobacter and their effects on
3
rhizosohere microflora and plant growth. New Phytol. 80: 567-573.
4
3- Baldani, V.L.D., Alvarez, M.A.B., 1987.Establishment inoculated Azospirillum Spp. in the rhizosphere and in roots
5
of field grown wheat and sorghum. Plant Soil. 90: 35-45.
6
4- Bashan, Y., Holguin, G., 1997. Azospirillum-plant relationships: environmental and physiological advances. Can. J.
7
Microbiol. 43: 103-121.
8
5- Bashan, Y., Holguin, G., de-Bashan, L., 2004. Azospirillum-plant relationships: physiological, molecular,
9
agricultural, and environmental advances. Can. J. Microbiol. 50: 521–577.
10
6- Bashan, Y., Harrison, S.K., Whitmoyer, R.E., 1990. Enhanced growth of wheat and soybean plants inoculated with
11
Azospirillum brasilense is not necessarily due to general enhancement of mineral uptake. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
12
56(3): 769-775.
13
7- Carlier, E., Rovera, M., Jaume, A. R., Rosas, S. B., 2008. Improvement of growth, under field conditions, of wheat
14
inoculated with Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. Aurantiaca. World. J. Microbiol. Biotech. 24(11): 2653-2658.
15
8- De Salomone, G., Dobereiner, J., 1996. Maize genotype effects on the response to Azospirillum inoculation. Biol.
16
Fertil. Soils. 21: 193-196.
17
9- Egamberdiyeva, D., 2007. The effect of plant growth promoting bacteria on growth and nutrient uptake of maize in
18
two different soils. Appl. Soil. Eco. 36: 184-189.
19
10- Egamberdiyevaa, D., Hoflich. G., 2003. Influence of growth-promoting bacteria on the growth of wheat in different
20
soils and temperatures. Soil Biol. Biochem. 35: 973–978.
21
نقش تلقیح مضاعف باکتری های آزوسپریلوم و سودوموناس … 31
22
11- Ferreira, M.C.B., Fernandes, M.S., Dobereiner, J., 1987. Role of Azospirillum brasilense nitrate reductase in nitrate
23
assimilation by wheat plants. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 4: 47-53.
24
12- Fulchieri, M., Frioni,L., 1994. Azospirillum inoculation on maize (Zea mays): effect on yield in a field experiment
25
in central Argentina. Soil biol. biochem.26: 921-923.
26
13- Glick, B.R., Penrose, D., Wendo, M., 2001. Bacterial promotion of plant growth. Biotech. adv. 19:135-138.
27
14- Glick, B. R., Liu ,C., Ghosh, S., Dumbroff, E. B., 1997. Early development of canola seedlings in the presence of
28
the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas putida GR12-2. Soil Biol. Biochem. 29: 1233–1239.
29
15- Okon, Y., Heytler, P.G., Hardy, R.W.F., 1983. N2 fixation by Azospirillum brasilense and its incorporation into
30
host Setaria italica. Appl.Environ. Microbiol. 46: 694-697.
31
16- Piao, Z., Cui, Z., Yin, B., Hu, J., Zhou, C., Xie, G., Su, B., Yin, S., 2005. Changes in acetylene reduction activities
32
and effects of inoculated rhizosphere nitrogen-fixing bacteria on rice. Biol. Fertil. Soils.41: 371–378.
33
17- Rudresha, D.L., Shivaprakasha, M.K., Prasad, R.D., 2005. Effect of combined application of Rhizobium, phosphate
34
solubilizing bacterium and Trichoderma spp. on growth, nutrient uptake and yield of chickpea (Cicer aritenium
35
L.).Appl. Soil. Eco. 28:139–146.
36
18- Saatovich, S.Z., 2006. Azospirilli of Uzbekistan soils and their influence on growth and development of wheat
37
plants. Plant & Soil. 283:137-145.
38
19- Sharaan, A. N., El-Samie, F.S.A., 1999. Response of wheat varieties to some environmental influences. 1. Effect of
39
seeding rates and N fertilization levels on growth and yield of two wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.). Ann.
40
Agric. Sci. 44: 589–601.
41
20- Siddiqui,I. A., Shaukat, S. S., 2002. Mixtures of plant disease suppressive bacteria enhance biological control of
42
multiple tomato pathogens. Biol. Fertil. Soil. 36: 260–268.
43
21- Wue, S.C., Cao, Z.H., Li, Z.G., Cheung, K.C., Wong, M. H., 2005. Effects of biofertilizer containing N-fixer, P and
44
K solubilizers and AM fungi on maize growth: a greenhouse trial. Geoderma. 125: 155–166.
45
22- Yasari, E., Patwardhan, A.M., 2007. Effects of Aztobacter and Azospirillium inoculations and chemical fertilizers
46
on growth and productivity of Canola. Asi. J. Plant. Sci. 6:77-82.
47
23- Zaied, K.A., Abd El-Hady, A.H., Sharief, A.E., Ashour, E.H., Nassef, M.A., 2007. Effect of Horizontal DNA
48
Transfer in Azospirillum and Azotobacter Strains on Biological and Biochemical Traits of Non-legume Plants. J.
49
Appl. Sci. Res. 3(1): 73-86.
50
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluating the effect of some Pesodomonas bacteria strains on wheat yield and its components at various levels of phosphorus fertilization
Application of biofertilizers, especially plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is one of the most important strategies for plant nutrition compared to chemical fertilizers, especially in sustainable management of agroecosystems. In order to evaluate the effect of Pesodomonas bacteria strains and chemical phosphate fertilizer on yield and yield components of wheat the Kavir cultivar an experiment was conducted in experimental farm of the Agriculture Faculty of Azad University of Damghan. The treatments were arranged as split plots and were evaluated in a complete randomized block design with three replications. The chemical phosphate fertilizer levels of P0 (control), P1 (60 Kg/ha), P2 (90 Kg/ha), P3 (120 Kg/ha) and P4 (150 Kg/ha) of super phosphate triple were allocated to the main plots. While the different bacteria strains of Pseudomonas putida 21 (S1), Pseudomonas putida 158 (S2), Pseudomonas fluorescens 168 (S3) and non-inoculation control (S0) were allocated to the sub plots. The results of the experiment indicated that the highest grain yield of 7633 Kg/ha was obtained with application of 90 kg/ha of phosphorus fertilizer accompanied with S3 bacteria (strain No.168). The Pseudomonas fluorescens168 demonstrated a remarkable efficiency in dry matter and grain production in wheat with no chemical phosphate application.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_25921_aad5c63ad43dc8a3f2939075daed9474.pdf
2009-03-21
10.22067/jag.v1i1.2652
Pseudomonas bacteria
Super phosphate triple
Triticum aestivum
yield
Shahram
Rezvan Beidokhti
s.rezvan@damghaniau.ac.ir
1
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Damghan Branch, Islamic Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alireza
Dashtban
2
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Damghan Branch, Islamic Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Kafi
m.kafi@um.ac.ir
3
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Sara
Sanjani
sanjani20_s@yahoo.com
4
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Ardakani, M.R., 2001. Ecology. Tehran University press, Iran, pp: 256. (In Persian with English summary).
1
2- Ardakani, M.R., 2000. Evaluation of application of biological fertilizers in sustainable wheat cultivation. Ph.D.
2
Thesis. Islami Azad Univ Tehran., Iran. (In Persian with English summary).
3
3- Arun, K.S., 2002. A Handbook of Organic Farming Pub. Agrobios, India.
4
4- Fikrettin, S., Çakmakçi, R., Kantar, F., 2004. Sugar beet and barley yields in relation to inoculation with N2-fixing
5
and phosphate solubilizing bacteria. Plant. Soil. 7, 123-129.
6
5- Freitas, J.R.de., Banerjee, M.R., Germida, J.J., 1997. Phosphate-solubilizing rhizobacteria enhance the growth and
7
yield but not phosphorus uptake of canola (Brassica napus L.). Biol. Fert. Soils. 24, 358-364.
8
6- Kim, K.K., Jordan, D., MacDonald, G.A., 1989. Entro bacter agglomerans, phosphate solublizing bacterial activity
9
in soil: effect of carbon sources. Soil. Biol. Biochem. 89, 995-1003.
10
7- Loheurte, F., Betrthlin, J., 1988 . Effect of a phosphate solublizing bacteria on maize grow and root exudation over
11
four levels of lobile phosphorus. Plant. Soil. 105, 11-17.
12
8- Moalem, A.H., Eshghizade, H.R., 2007. Application of biological fertilizers: benefits and limitations. In: Second
13
National Congress of Ecological Agriculture, Iran, Gorgan, pp: 47. (In Persian with English summary).
14
9- Pamella, A.C., Steven, S.H., 1982. Inorganic phosphate solubilization by rhizospher in a zostera marin community .
15
Can. J. Microbiol. 28, 605 – 610.
16
10- Patidar, M., 2001 . Integrated nutrient management in sorghum (Sorghum biclor) and its resideul effect on wheat
17
(Triticum aestivum). Indian. J. Agr. Sci. 71, 587 – 590.
18
11- Poudel, D.D., Hoawath,W.R., Lanini, W.T., Temple, S.R. Van Bruggen, A.H.C., 2002. Comparison of soil N
19
availability and conventional farming systems in northern California. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ. 90, 125-137.
20
12- Rasouli Sadaghiani, M.H., Khavazi, K., Rahimian, H., Malakouti, M.J., Asadi rhamani, H., 2006. An Evaluation of
21
the potentials of indigenous Fluorescent Pseudomonads of wheat rhizosphere for producing siderophore. J. Soil.
22
Water. Sci. 20, 134-143.
23
13- Saleh-Rastin, N., 2001. Biological fertilizers and their roles on sustainable agriculture.
24
14- Emergency of production biological fertilizers in Iran. Educational Agriculture press. Ministry of Jihad-e-
25
Agriculture. Karaj, Iran. (In Persian with English summary).
26
15- Saleh-Rastin, N., 2005. Sustainable management from viewpoint of soil biology. Agricultural Research, Education
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& Extension Organization (AREEO). Agricultural Ministry, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian with English summary).
28
16- Redy, N.R.N., Ahlawat, l.P.S., 1998. Response of (Cicer arietinum) genotypes to irrigation and fertilizers under
29
Late–sow conditions. Indian. J. Agron.7, 95-101.
30
17- Reyes, I., Brnir, L., Simard, R., Antoun, H., 1999. Characterstic of phosphate solubilization by an isolate of a
31
tropical penicillium regulusum and uv-induced mutants. FEMS. Microbiol. Ecol. 23, 291-295.
32
18- Shah, P., Kakar, K.M., Zaha, K., 2001. Phosphorus use efficiency of Soybean as effected by Phosphorus application
33
and Inoculation. Plant Nutrition Food Security and Sustainabiliy of Agro Ecosystem. 92, 670-671.
34
19- Sharma, A.K., 2002. Bifertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Agrobios Indian Publications .456.
35
20- Sharma, S., Prasad, N.R., 2003. Yield and P uptake by rice and wheat grown in a sequence as influenced by
36
phosphate fertilization with diammonium phosphate and Mussoorie rock phosphate with or without crop residues
37
and phosphate solubilizing bacteria. J. Agr. Sci. 141, 359-369.
38
21- Tohidi-Moghadam, H.R., Nassiri, M., Zahedi, H., Hamidi, A., Sharghi, Y., 2007. Application of phosphorus
39
fertilization with phosphate solubilizing bacteria in variety of grain maize. In: Second National Congress of
40
Ecological Agriculture, Iran, Gorgan, pp: 94. (In Persian with English summary).
41
22- Vazques, P., Holguin, G., Puente, M.E., 2000. Phosphate solubilizing micro organism associtated with the
42
rizospherte of mangroves in semi arid coastallagoon. Biol. Fert. Soils. 30, 460-468.
43
ارزیابی اثر کاربرد سویه هایی از باکتری سودوموناس برعملکرد … 39
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50
51. (In Persian with English summary).
51
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of irrigation disruption in different reproductive growth stages on yield, yield components and oil content in three spring safflower cultivars
Oil has an important role in human food. An experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the response of spring genotypes of safflower to irrigation disruption in reproductive growth different stages, in a spilt plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with four replications at Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand during 2008. Irrigation regimes (full irrigation = whole season irrigation, irrigation until grain filling, irrigation until flowering, and irrigation until heading-bud) and cultivars (Mahali Isfahan (a local variety), Isfahan28 and IL111) were arranged in main plots and subplots, respectively. Results showed that irrigation until heading-bud stage caused a significant reduction in number of total and fertile head per plant, number of seeds per head, 1000-seed weight, seed yield and oil content and yield. Among cultivars, Mahali Isfahan had the most number of total and fertile head per plant and number of seeds per head and IL111 showed just the reverse response. Also between yield components, number of total head per plant showed the highest correlation with yield. According to the results, Mahali Isfahan variety in all of the irrigation disruption regimes produced the highest kernel yield. Therefore, due to the nativeness of this cultivar and high adaptation to this arid climatic zone, provide an opportunity for producing higher yields in comparison with other cultivars under water stress.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_25946_daf14c1c102dbc41b115e0d6d60201d4.pdf
2009-03-21
10.22067/jag.v1i1.2653
Industrial crop
Oil
Seed yield
Bibi Elaheh
Moosavi Far
e.moosavifar@yahoo.com
1
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Ali
Behdani
mabehdani@birjand.ac.ir
2
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand,, Birjand, Iran.
AUTHOR
Majid
Jami Al-Ahmadi
mjamialahmadi@birjand.ac.ir
3
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Saeed
Hosaini Bojd
4
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
Behdani, M.A., Jami Al-Ahmadi, M., 2008. Evaluation of growth and yield safflower cultivars in different planting
1
dates. Iran. Agron. Res. 6(2), 245-254. (In Persian with English summary).
2
2- Tavakoli, A., 2002. Evaluation of the effect of irrigation disruption in different growth stages on yield and
3
components yield safflower plant. MSc. Thesis. Fac. Agric. Tehran Univ., Iran. (In Persian with English summary).
4
3- Jazaeri Nushabadi, M.R., Rezaei, A.M., 2007. Evaluation of relations between parameters in oat cultivars in water
5
stress and non- stress conditions. Sci. and Met. Agri. and Nat. Sou. 11(1), 265-278. (In Persian with English
6
4- Hasanzade, M., Naderi Darbaghshahi, M.R., Shiranirad, A.H., 2005. Evaluation of effects drought stress on yield
7
and components yield of autumn canola productivity cultivars in Isfahan region. Res. Agri. 1(2), 51-62. (In Persian
8
with English summary).
9
5- Rashed Mohasel, M.H., Behdani, M.A., 1994. Evaluation of the effect of cultivar and density on yield and
10
components yield safflower plant. Sci. Agro. Indu. 8(2), 110-122.
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6- Kafi, M., Rostami, M., 2008. Effect of drought stress in reproductive growth stage on yield and components yield
12
and oil content three safflower cultivars in irrigation with salty water conditions. Iran. Agron. Res. 5(1), 121-131.
13
(In Persian with English summary).
14
7- Mousavifar, B.E., Behdani, M.A., Jami Al-Ahmadi, M., 2009. Response of spring safflower cultivars to different
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irrigation intervals in Birjand condition. In: proceedings of regional congress on water crisis and drought. Rasht,
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Iran, pp. 670-675. (In Persian with English summary).
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8- Abel, G.H., 1976. Effects of irrigation regimes, planting date, nitrogen levels, and spacing on safflower cultivar.
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Agron. J. 68, 448-451.
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9- Arsalan, B., Yildirim, B., Ilbas, A., Dede, O., Okut, N., 1997. The effect of sowing date on yield and yield
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characters of varieties oe safflower (Charthamus tinctorius L.). pp. 125-131. Paper presented at the fourth
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International Safflower Conference Bary, Italy. June 2-7, 1997.
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10- Bradford, K.J., 1994. Water stress and water relations of seed development: A critical review. Crop. Sci. 34, 1-11.
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11- Cabuslay, G.S., Ito, O., Alejar, A.A., 2002. Physiological evaluation of responses of rice (Oriza sativa L.) to water
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deficit. Plant. Sci. 163, 815-827.
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12- Cassato, E., Ventricelli, P., Corlto, A., 1997. Response of hybrid and open pollinated safflower to increasing doses
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of nitrogen fertility. Proceedings of the Fourth International Safflower Conference. Italy, Bari, 2-7 June. pp 98-103.
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13- Clavel, D., Drame, N.K., Roy-Macauley, H., Braconnier, S., Laffray, D., 2005. Analysis of early responses to
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drought associated with field drought adaptation in four Sahelian groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivars.
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Environ. Exp. Bot. 54, 219-230.
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14- Corleto, A., Cazzato, E., Verticelli, P., 1997. Performance of hybrid and O. P. safflower in two different
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mediteranean environments. Proceeding of the Fourth International Safflower Conference. Italy, Bari, 2-7 June. Pp.
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Agron. J. 89, 807-812.
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pigment development. Plant. Physiol. 31, 262. 266.
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safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Indian. J. Genet. Pl. Br. 53, 264-268.
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18- Hashemi Dezfouli, A., 1994. Growth and yield of safflower as affected by drought stress. Cop. Res. Hisar. 7 (3),
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19- Koutroubas, S.D., Papakosta, D.K., Doitsinis, A., 2000. Water requirments for castor oil crop (Ricinnus communis
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L.) in a Mediterranean climate. J. Agron. Crop. Sci. 14, 33-41.
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20- Leonard, J.E., French, D.F., 1969. Growth yield and yield component of safflower as affected by irrigation regimes.
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Crop. Sci. 61, 111-113.
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17, 83-86.
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50 نشریه بوم شناسی کشاورزی، جلد 1، شماره 1، سال 1388
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International Safflower Conference Beijing. China. Pp. 69-75.
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23- Rudra naik, V., Gulgangi, G.G., Mallapupr, C.P., Raju, S.G., 2001. Assosiathion analysis in safflower under rain
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fed condition. 5th International Safflower Conference, Montana, USA. July 23-27.
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24- Steer, B.T., Harrigan, E.K.S., 1986. Rates of nitrogen supply during different developmental stages affect yield
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components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Field. Crop. Res. 14, 221-23.
52
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of free and symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacterial co-inoculation on seed and seedling of soybean seeds produced under deficit water condition
Effect of free and symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria on seed and seedling produced seeds under deficit irrigation was conducted in laboratory and field experiments in 2006. In laboratory of karaj’s Seed and Plant Research and Certificate Institute an experiment was conducted based on factorial in form of completely randomized design with four replications and in field’s of Islamic Azad University, Varamin Branch were split factorial in form of randomized completely block design with three replications. Treatments included water stress [Irrigation after 50 (Normal irrigation), 100 (Middle stress), 150 (Severe stress) mm evaporation from pan class A], Cultivar [Manokin & Williams and SRF×T3 Line] and inoculation [Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Bradyrhizobium japonicum co-inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum, No seed inoculation]. Results showed that drought stress decreased the uniformity and germination speed and seedling emergence. Bacteria increased leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, leaf area and seedling vigor index but had no effect on emergence. In irrigation levels inoculated treatments had higher seedling length, leaf, stem, seedling dry weight and seedling vigor. Severs stress seeds inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum had higher root dry weight than control. Therefore in seeds which were produced under deficit irrigation conditions, bacteria increased seedlings vigor.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_25966_13c0c23673ef4093cd60087e971d5114.pdf
2009-03-21
10.22067/jag.v1i1.2654
Seedling vigor
Seedling emergence
Bradyrhizobium japonicum
Azotobacter chroococcum
Hamed
Hadi
hamedhadi9@yahoo.com
1
Islamic Azad University, Varamin Branch, Varamin , Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Jahanfar
Daneshian
daneshian@areeo.ac.ir
2
Seed and Plant Improvement Institue, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Asgharzadeh
3
Soil and Water Institute, Iran
AUTHOR
Aydin
Hamidi
4
Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Parisa
Jonoubi
5
Department of Biology, Tarbiat Moalem University, Iran
AUTHOR
Farshad
Ghooshchi
6
Islamic Azad University, Varamin Branch, Varamin , Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Nasri
7
Islamic Azad University, Varamin Branch, Varamin , Iran
AUTHOR
Abdul-Baki, A.A., and Aderson, j.D., 1973. Vigor determination in soybean by multiple criteria. Crop Sci. 13,630-
1
2- Antoun, H., Beauchamp, C.J., Goussard, N., Chabot, R. and Lalande, R. 1998. Potential of Rhizobium and
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Bradyrhizobium species as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on non-legumes: effect on radish (Raphanus
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sativus L.). Plant Soil. 204,57-67.
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3- Anonymus, 2008. Hand book for Seedling evaluation (3rd.ed). International SeedTesting Assosiation (ISTA),
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Zurich, Switzerland.
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4- Apte, R. and Shend, S.T., 1981. Studies on Azotobacter chroococcum. II. Effect of Azotobacter chroococcum on
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germination of seeds of agricultural crops. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologr-Parasiten Kunde. Infektion Skrankheien
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und Hygiene. 136, 555-559.
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5- Biswas, J.C., Ladha, J.K., Dazzo, F.B., Yanni, Y.G. and Rolfe B.G., 2000. Rhizobial inoculation influences seedling
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vigor and yield of rice. Agron J. 92, 880-886.
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6- Dakora. F.D., 2003. Defining new roles for plant and rhizobial molecules in sole and mixed plant cultures involving
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symbiotic legumes. New Phytol. 157, 39-49.
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7- Delouche, J.C., 1980. Environmental effects on seed development and seed quqlity. Hortscience 15 ,775-80.
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germination and vigour. Crop Sci. 29, 476-480.
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9- Elis, R.H. and Roberts, E.H., 1980. Towards a rational basis for testing seed quality. In, Seed Production (ed. P.D.
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Hebblethwaite), 605-645, Butterworths, London.
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10- Hafeez, F.Y., Safdar, M.E., Chaudry, A.U. and Malik, K.A., 2004. Rhizobial inoculation improves seedling
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emergence, nutrient uptake and growth of cotton. Aus. J. Exp. Agri. 44, 617-622.
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11- Haji Boland, R., Ali Asghar Zadeh, N. And Mehrfar, Z.. 2004. Ecological study in two regions of Azarbyjan and its
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effect on plant growth and mineral nutrition of wheat. J. Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, 8th year, No.
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2, page 75-90.
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ed. Pp, 257-286.
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Association (ISTA) .Zurich, Switzerland.
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تأثیر باکتری های تثبیت کننده آزادزی و همزیست … 63
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and implications for agriculture., pp,155-164. in: Iron, sidrophores and plant disease. Ed., Swinburne , T.R.,
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Plenume, New York.
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bacterial rhizospherecolonizers., pp, 315-326. in: The rhizosphere and plant growth. Eds., Keister , D.L. and
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Cregan, P.B., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands.
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Sci. 2, 176-177.
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microbial biopesticdes: beneficial microorganisms, nematodes and seed treatment, Burges, H.D., ed. Pp, 255-285.
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Kulwer Academic Publisher, The Netherlands.
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19- Meghvansi, M.K., Kamal. P, and Mahna, S.K. 2005. Identification od pH tolerant Bradyrhizobium japonicum
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strsins and their symbiotic effectiveness in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] in low nutrient soil. Afr. j. Biotechnol.
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4, 663-666.
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emergence in chickpea. Seed Sci. Technol. 17, 169-177.
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Jihad-e-Agriculture - Agricultural extension and education research organization – Extension branch - part of
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biotechnology research.
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Sci. 138, 293-300
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of sowing patterns and weed control on mung bean (Vigna radiate L. Wilczek) - black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) intercropping system
In order to study different arrangements and weed controls effects on mung bean (Vigna radiate L. Wilczek) – black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) intercropping an experiment was conducted at the Research Station of Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, during growing season 2005 – 2006. Sixteen treatments comprising combinations of eight sowing patterns [A1: Sole black cumin, A2: Sole mung bean, A3: 3 rows black cumin– 2 rows mung bean, A4: 3 rows black cumin – 2 rows mung bean, A5: 2 rows black cumin – 1 rows mung bean, A6: 1 row black cumin – 2 rows mung bean, A7: 3 rows black cumin – 3 rows mung bean (Striped), A8: 1 row black cumin – 1 row mung bean (alternative rows)] and two weed controls [V1: unweeded, V2: completely hand weeding] were arranged in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that in intercropping systems leaf area index (LAI) of mung bean reduced but in the case of black cumin increased. Mung bean total dry matter in intercropping system did not differ comparing with sole crop but total dry matter in black cumin increased. All yield components in both crops affected by sowing patterns and weed control treatments. Number of branches/plant, number of pods or follicules/plant and number of seed/pods or follicules increased in A8, A4, A5 and A3 sowing patterns in mung bean and A3, A5 and A7 sowing patterns in black cumin compared with other arrangements. By increasing mung bean ratio in rows, the number of weed species, weed density, dry weight of weeds and abundance of weed species decreased. In unweeded treatment, number of branches/plant, number of pods or follicules/plant and number of seed/pods or follicules decreased in both crops. Land equivalent ratio (LER) was more than 1.00 in all sowing patterns.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_25987_599a5f1c4df4b2f97b3ab6325c6ac772.pdf
2009-03-21
10.22067/jag.v1i1.2655
Sowing pattern
strip cropping
growth analyses
grain yield
LER
Parviz
Rezvani Moghadam
rezvani@um.ac.ir
1
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Raoofi
m.rezaraoofi@gmail.com
2
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Hasan
Rashed Mohassel
mhrashed@yahoo.com
3
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Rooholla
Moradi
ro.moradi@stu-mail.um.ac.ir
4
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Abedi, K., Majde Nasiri, B., 1994. Five years studied of yield comparison and best condition of mung bean
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cultivation in Esfahan. Center of Research, Education and Extension of Esfahan (In Persian).
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the pharmacologically active quinones and related compounds in the oil of the black seed (Nigella sativa L.).
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(Glycine max) in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan). Indian J. Agron. 45: 530-533.
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Ferdowsi Univ. of Mashhad, Iran (In Persian).
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33- Sarma, N. N., Sarma, D., Paul, S. R., 1997. Compatibity of intercropping greengram (Phaseolus radiatus) and
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sesame (Sesamum indicum) in rainfed cotton (Gossypium species). Indian. J. Agron. 42: 573 – 575.
63
34- Shivaraum, H. S., Shivashankar, K., 1994. A new approach of canopy architecture in assessing complimentarily of
64
intercrops. Indian J. Agron. 39: 179-187.
65
35- Tsubo, M., Walker, S., Ogindo, H. O., 2004. A simulation model of cereal-legume intercropping systems for semiarid
66
regions I. Model development. Field Crops Res.. 90:48-61.
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36- Wahua, T. A. T., Babaloia, O., Akenova, M. E., 1981. Intercropping morphologically different type of maize with
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cowpea: LER and growth attributes of associated cowpea. Exp. Agric. 17: 407-413.
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Agron. J. 83: 717-721.
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38- Zargari, A., 1997. Medicinal plants (Vol. 4). Tehran Univ. Publisher (In Persian).
72
39- Zargari, K., 1993. Effect of radiotherapy on some morphological, physiological and cytogenetically characteristics
73
of mung bean. M.Sc. dissertation, Azad Islamic Univ. Karaj, Iran (In Persian).
74
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Integrated management of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum Koch) in wheat field under stale seedbed condition
Field experiment was conducted in order to determine the effect of wheat seeding rate and time of application of sulfosulfuron for control of Hordeum spontaneum in wheat field in 2007 in Qom Province, Iran. The experimental design was completely randomized block with four replications in which treatments were arranged as factorial. The treatments were wheat seed rates at 250, 275 and 300 kg/ha and time of application of sulfosulfuron in different growth stages of Hordeum spontaneum (four-leaves, six leaves and eight leaves). Results showed that using 275 kg/ha and application of sulfosulfuron at four-leaves growth stage of Hordeum spontaneum in stale seedbed method were the best treatments for suppressing of Hordeum spontaneum in wheat field. These treatments reduced growth of Hordeum spontaneum while increased attributed growth criteria of wheat, particularly wheat grain yield. According to economical and environmental standpoints, using wheat seed rate at 275 kg/ha and applying sulfosulfuron at four-leaves stage of Hordeum spontaneum were the best treatment for integrated management of wild barley. These treatments affected seed production of wild barley, therefore, the input of wild barley seed to seed bank can be reduced by mentioned treatments.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_26018_9a96b20b43ed35d9d1424247ca50bf16.pdf
2009-03-21
10.22067/jag.v1i1.2656
Seeding rate
Herbicide
Sulfosulfuron
Cultural control
Seed bank
Competition
Mohammad Ali
Baghestani
baghestani40@hotmail.com
1
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hasan
Sayedipour
2
AUTHOR
Eskandar
Zand
eszand@yahoo.com
3
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Minbashi
mehdiminbashi@gmail.com
4
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Fariba
Maighani
5
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Lashkari
6
AUTHOR
Atri, A., Baghestani, M.A., Partovi, M., 2008. Quantitative evaluation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) against
1
88 نشریه بوم شناسی کشاورزی، جلد 1، شماره 1، سال 1388
2
volunteer rye (Secale cereale L.) in Iran. Weed Biol. Manag. 8, 191-200.
3
2- Baghestani, M.A., 2007. Investigating effciency of sulfosulfuron (Apyros 75 WDG) on different species of wild
4
barley (Hordeum spp.) control in wheat field. Final report of project, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protec.
5
76pp. (In Persian).
6
3- Baghestani, M.A., 2008. Effect of time of application on efficiency of sulfosulfuron (Apyros 75 WDG) on
7
different species of wild barley (Hordeum spp.). Final report of project, Iranian Research Institute of Plant
8
Protection. 43pp. (In Persian).
9
4- Baghestani, M.A., and Atri, A., 2003. Determination of competitive ability of wheat against rye (Secale cerale L.)
10
using reciprocal yield model in Karaj. Appl. Ent. Phytopath. 71, 43-56.
11
5- Baghestani, M.A., Zand E., Minbashi M., Atri A., 2008a. A review on the researches conducted for controlling of
12
wild barley species (Hordeum spp.) in wheat fields of Iran. In: Proceedings of the 2nd National Weed Science
13
Congress. January 2008, Mashhad, Iran. Vol. 3. 47-61. (In Persian with English summary).
14
6- Baghestani, M.A., Zand, E., Mesgaran M.B., Veyssi, M., Pourazr, R., Mohammadipour M., 2008b. Control of weed
15
barley species in winter wheat with sulfosulfuron at different rates and times of application. Weed Biol. and
16
Manag. 8, 181-190.
17
7- Baghestani, M.A., Zand, E., Soufiezadeh, S., Jamali, M., Mighany, F., 2007. Evaluation of sulfosulfuron for
18
broadleaved and grass weed control in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Iran. Crop Protect., 26, 1385-1389.
19
8- Blackshaw, R.E., Beckie, H.J., Molnar, L.J., Entz, T., Moyer, J.R., 2005. Combining agronomic practices and
20
herbicides improves weed management in wheat-canola rotations within zero-tillage production systems. Weed Sci.
21
53, 528-535.
22
9- Felton, W. C., 1976. The influence of row spacing and plant population on the effect of weed competition in
23
soybean (Glycine max). Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Husb. 16, 926-934.
24
10- Hassanzadeh-Dalooei, M., Noormohammadi, Gh., Rahimian-mashhadi, H., 2003. Determination of wheat ideotype
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for light competition with wild oat (Avena ludoviciana) and turnip weed (Rapistrum rugosum) using simulation
26
approach. Iran. Crop Sci. 3, 176-184.
27
11- Jamnejad, M., 2007. Investigating of competitive ability of less and moer competitive cultivars of wheat (Triticum
28
aestivum L.) in different density of wheat and Eruca sativa Mill. Ph.D. Thesis. Fac. Agric. Azad Univ., Brach Sci.
29
and Technol. Tehran, Iran. (In Persian with English summary).
30
12- Lemerle, D., Verbeek, B., Cousens, R. D., Coombes, N. E., 1996. The Potential for selecting wheat varieties
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strongly competitive against weeds. Weed Res. 36, 505-513.
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13- Mohler, C. L. 1991. Ecological bases for the cultural control of annual weeds. J. Prod. Agric. 9, 468-474.
33
14- Tasnim-shirazi, M., 2008. Response of Hordeum spontaneum, Hordeum murinum, Hordeum distichon and
34
Hordeum vulgare to sulfosulfuron. M.Sc. Thesis. Fac. Agric. Azad Univ., Brach Sci. and Technol. Tehran, Iran. (In
35
Persian with English summary).
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15- Teasadle, J. R., Frank, R., 1980. Effect of snap bean spacing on weed competition. Proc. Northeast. Weed Sci. 34,
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16- Teasdale, J. R. Frank, R., 1993. Effect of row spacing on weed competition with snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris).
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Weed Technol. 31, 81-85.
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17- Veissi, M., Baghestani, M.A., Zand E., 2008. Determining the appropriate rate of sulfosulfuron in controlling wild
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barley (Hordeum spontaneum Koch.) in wheat fields in Kermanshah. In: Proceedings of the 2nd National Weed
41
Science Congress. January 2008, Mashhad, Iran. Vol. 1. 374-377. (In Persian with English summary).
42
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Pricing of environmental friendly herbicides appropriate for sustainable agriculture, A case study: wheat farmers in Khorasan Razavi province
Awareness of wheat farmers’ personal preferences towards environmental issues and weed types is important in pricing bioherbicides for sustainable weed management and could consequently be a fundamental guide to agricultural authorities and policy-makers. In the present study, a survey was carried out by using data collected from 180 wheat farmers of Korasan Razavi province during 2008, together with hedonic pricing method. The role of environmental qualitative factors and weed type on pricing environmental-friendly herbicides on the basis of “willingness to pay” was studied. Results from the estimation of hedonic pricing method indicated that reduction of water pollution, human health risk, farmers information about negative effects of chemical herbicides and the virtual variable of weed type had significant effects on pricing environmental friendly herbicides. Variables of soil pollution and weed perenniality had no significant effects on pricing herbicide applicable to sustainable agricultural systems. Based on the results of this study, possibilities of using bioherbicide or less pollutant herbicides and also the rate of farmers willingness to pay for alternatives in the region are important factors recommended for additional studies
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_26062_f25293599cd8ea0d4a4a253aca7e2c4d.pdf
2009-03-21
10.22067/jag.v1i1.2657
Access to replacement market
Hedonic pricing
Bioherbicide
Mohammad
Ghorbani
ghorbani@um.ac.ir
1
Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Amin
Nemati
2
Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Ghorbani
reza-ghorbani@um.ac.ir
3
Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Anderson, F.R., 1993. Natural resource damages, superfund, and the courts. In R.J. Kopp and V.K. Smith (eds.),
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Valuing Natural Assets. the Economics of natural resource damage assessment. Washington D.C.: Resource for the
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Future, 26-62.
3
2- Beach, E., Carlson, G., 1993. Hedonic analysis of herbicides: Do user safety and water quality matter? Amer. J.
4
Agric. Econ, 75: 612-623.
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40:211-214.
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Econ, 77:645-659.
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6- Florax, R., Travisi, C., Nijkamp, P., 2005. A meta-analysis of the willingness to pay for reduction in pesticide
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exposure. European Rev. Agric. Econ, 32:441-467.
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monitoring. In M. Vighi and E. Funari (eds), Pesticide Risk in Groundwater. Chelsea, MI: Lewis.
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conference of recognition talents trade - economic province, Babolsar, University of Mazandaran.
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2008. Factors affecting on farmers investment in soil conservation of Khorasan Razavi province. J. Agric. Sci and
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Indust, 21(2): 11-21.
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12- Ghorbani, M., Firozzare, A., 2008. Introduction to valuation of environment. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
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Press, Iran.
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13- Ghorbani, M., Ghorbani, R., Kohansal, M.R., Nemati, A., 2009. Determinants of weeds management methods in
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wheat farms of Khorasan Razavi province. J. Agric. Econ, (Forthcoming).
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incorporating environmental costs into economic injury level . Amer. Entomologist, 38: 34-39.
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herbicide use and risk of lymphoma and soft-tissue sarcoma. J. Amer. Med. Assn, 256: 1141-1147.
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M.sc. Thesis. Fac. Agric. Ferdowsi Univ Mashhad., Iran.
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Techniques for Reducing Pesticide Use: Economics and Environmental Benefits. Chichester: John Wiley.
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66
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Response of bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedling emergence and growth to different vermicompost amounts
Recently, increase in crop production depends on better seedling establishment, emergence rate and uniformity. Thus, an experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with 8 fertilizer treatments and 4 replications in 2008 at Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University. The aim of this research was to evaluate effect of vermicompost (VC) on bush bean seedling emergence parameters. The treatments were three levels of VC (15, 30 and 45 Mg ha-1 alone and plus with 50% chemical fertilizer), chemical fertilizer (100 Kg ha-1 Urea, Potassium sulfate, Triple super phosphate) and a control (no vermicompost or chemical fertilizer application). Among all treatments, strongly linear regression was observed between CER and FER and shoot and root dry weight, however, amount of these traits was greater in 15 and 30 Mg ha-1 than other treatments specially, control and chemical fertilizers. Analysis of data showed that the highest of field emergence rate, cumulating emergence rate and seedling and root length was obtained in 15 Mg enriched VC per hectare and maximum chlorophyll content, aerial parts and seedling dry weight was belonged to 30 Mg enriched VC per hectare. The orthogonal contrasts revealed that 30 Mg ha-1 compost was caused significant increases field emergence rate (36.18%), cumulating emergence rate (49.82%), leaf area (44.67%), seedling fresh and dry weight (60.56% and 74.04%) compared to 45 Mg ha-1 compost.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_26094_1cceb68413618a605a158d746c73c470.pdf
2009-03-21
10.22067/jag.v1i1.2658
Emergence
Emergence rates
Organic fertilizer
Alaleh
Mottaghian
alaleh_motaghi@yahoo.com
1
Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Iran
AUTHOR
Hemmatollah
Pirdashti
pirdasht@yahoo.com
2
Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad ali
Bahmanyar
mali.bahmanyar@gmail.com
3
Department of Soil Sciences, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran.
AUTHOR
Amoli, N., Afzali, M., Raeiatpanah, A., 2005. Possibility of bean cultivation with application of animal manure as
1
second crop in paddy fields. In Proceedings of the 10th Congress of Soil Sciences. Karaj, Iran. pp. 321. (In Persian
2
with English summary).
3
2- Astaraii, A., Fattahi Kiasari, Y., 2006. Effect of municipal wastewater compost on some chemical charestices of
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soil and pepper ( Capsicum annum) plant. Agron. J. 8, 1-12.
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the growth and yield of greenhouse tomatoes. Bioresource. Technol. 75, 175-180.
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5- Atiyeh, R.M., Lee. S.S., Arancon, C.A., Metzger, N.Q., 2002. The influence of humic acid derived from
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earthworm-processed organic wastes on plant growth. Bioresource. Technol. 84, 7-14.
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Roma. pp. 421-434.
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vermicompost. Bioresource. Technol. 99, 3155-3161.
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components of substrates for Pinus pinea and Cupressus arizonica production. J. Plant. Nutr. 25, 129–141.
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for ornamental plants. Bioresource. Technol. 96, 125–131.
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quality. Waste. Manage. pp. 1-9.
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clovers grown under two irrigation treatments. Seed. Sci. Technol. 28, 59-66.
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other wastes as partial substitutes for peat and soil. Bioresource. Technol. 63, 123–129.
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pages. (In Persian with English summary).
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utilizing Eisenia fetida. Ecotox. Environ. Safe. 56, 265–270.
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growth media for broccoli. Bioresource. Technol. 97, 123–130.
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19- Pirdashti, H., Motaghian, A., Bahmanyar, M. A., 2010. Effect of organic amendments application on grain yield,
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leaf chlorophyll content and some morphological characteristics in soybean cultures. J. Plant. Nutr. 33: 485-495.
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vulgaris) under salt stress. Agronomie. 21, 627–634.
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21- Sahni, S., Sarma, B.K., Singh, D.P., Singh, K.P., 2008. Vermicompost enhances performance of plant growthpromoting
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rhizobacteria in Cicer arietium rhizosphere against Sclerotium rolfsii. Crop. Prot. 27, 369–379.
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48, 145-151.
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Biweekly Bulletin. 17. 1-10.
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Persian with English summary).
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26- Suthar, S., 2007. Vermicomposting potential of Perionyx sansibaricus (Perrier) in different waste materials.
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Bioresource. Technol. 98, 1231–1237.
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56
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of Planting Pattern of corn (Zea mays L.) in Reducing Foramsulfuron Dose
In order to evaluate of using planting pattern for reducing herbicides dose in corn (single cross 704), a field experiment was conducted in 2007 at research field of Collage of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University branch of Takestan. The experimental design was randomized complete block with 18 treatments and using factorial design with 4 replications. Treatments consisted of corn planting pattern in 3 levels (single row, rectangular twin row and crinkle twin row), and weed control treatments in 6 levels (rates of 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 l/ha foramsulfuron, A weed free as control and full season hand weeding control). Biomass of weed species 15 and 45 days after post emergence herbicide application, and seed yield of corn were measured. Results of statistical analysis showed that different dose of herbicide in each planting pattern had a various effect on weeds. Application of low rates of herbicide in crinkle planting pattern was similar to higher dosages of herbicide in rectangular and single planting pattern. The most seed yield was occurred in the crinkle planting pattern with rate of 2 l.ha-1 foramsulfuron and the lowest seed yield was belong to single row planting pattern. Environmental and economical advantages can be obtained by reducing herbicide rates, and selecting an appropriate planting pattern.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_26127_f6c9cca1ff9aebf08d6071c1088aff23.pdf
2009-03-21
10.22067/jag.v1i1.2659
Amaranthus retroflexus
Amaranthus blitoides
Chenopodium album
Crop arrangement
Competiton
Foramsulfuron 1-
Mehran
SafarKhanloo
1
Islamic Azad University, Takestan Branch, Iran
AUTHOR
Eskandar
Zand
eszand@yahoo.com
2
Department of Weed Research, Plant Protection Research Institute, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad ali
Baghestani
baghestani40@hotmail.com
3
Department of Weed Research, Plant Protection Research Institute, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Alireza
Valadabadi
dr.valadabady@yahoo.com
4
Islamic Azad University, Takestan Branch, Iran
AUTHOR
Alireza
Bagheri
a.bagheri@razi.ac.ir
5
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Baghestani, M.A., Zand, E., 2002. Directions of weed science. Zeitoon. (In Persian)
1
2- Baghestani, M.A., Zand, E., Soufizadeh, S., Eskandari, A., Pour Azar, R., Veysi, M., Nasseirzadeh, N., 2007.
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Efficacy evaluation of some dual purpose herbicides to control weeds in maize (Zea mays L.). Crop Prot. 26, 936-
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3- Bullock, D.G., Nielsen, R.L., Nyquist, W.E.A., 1988. Growth analysis comparison of corn grown in conventional
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······ y= 7.11+46.19/(1+e(-(x -1.27) /-0.23))
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
National organic standards for Iran: I. Concepts, principles and aims of organic production and standards for agronomic and horticultural products
Traditional agriculture and non-chemical crop production have a long story; however organic agriculture which relies on local and in-farm inputs, with the aim of protecting ecological balances and developing biological cycles on the one hand while regarding regulations and specific standards on the other hand, doesn’t have a very long history. There are numerous environmental reasons for the priority of organic agriculture to conventional systems such as increasing biodiversity, reducing chemical residue in plant and animal products, reducing greenhouse gases and air temperatures; and socio-economic factors like equity and sustainability. Worldwide, in 2006 about 31 million hectares were managed organically with estimated international sales of over 38 billion US dollars. There are very specific standards, regulations and criteria for organic agriculture for the security of producers and consumers, suitable competition between producers and clear regulations for international trades of organic products. Standards in organic agriculture are principles, regulations and criteria that must be considered from production up to processing and consumption. Although Iran has a very long history in agriculture and a variety of cereals and pulses have been domesticated in its regions, unfortunately, there are no organic production plans and standards for this country. During these recent years, there have been international interests especially on behalf of European countries towards exporting some organic products such as pistachio, walnut, date, fresh fruits and saffron from Iran, but the main reason for the refusal of our products could be the absence of organic standards which are to be considered during the production of those products. The present paper recommends the principles and standards, considering IFOAM standards for organic plant products in Iran.
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_26157_01216ae41152ae3ce49a3e078172c8ae.pdf
2009-03-21
10.22067/jag.v1i1.2660
Organic farming
Organic food
Sustainable agriculture
Reza
Ghorbani
reza-ghorbani@um.ac.ir
1
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alireza
Koocheki
akooch@um.ac.ir
2
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Jahan
jahan@um.ac.ir
3
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Nassiri Mahallati
mnassiri@um.ac.ir
4
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Parviz
Rezvani-Moghadam
rezvani@um.ac.ir
5
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
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