@article { author = {Ranjbar, Fatemeh and Koocheki, Alireza and Nassiri Mahallati, Mehdi}, title = {Assessment of the Growth Indices of Intercropped Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Sesame (Sesamum indicum) and Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)}, journal = {Journal Of Agroecology}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {237-250}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Ferdowsi University of Mashhad}, issn = {2008-7713}, eissn = {2423-4281}, doi = {10.22067/jag.v1i1.25372}, abstract = {Introduction[1]Intercropping is a well-known agro-ecological practice for its dramatic effect on pest and weed control, increasing productivity as well as enhancing resources (radiation, water and nitrogen) use efficiency. All these beneficial effects are the results of increased species diversity which presumably would be higher with introducing more component species. On the other hand, crop growth analysis provides indices for quantifying the rate of dry matter production and allocation of dry matter to the other organs, particularly to leaves. It seems that growth indices of intercropped species relative to their pure stands could be useful for better understanding of higher productivity of more diverse intercrops.The objective of this study was comparison of growth indices and dry matter allocation as well as land equivalent ratio of fennel (Foeniculum vulgar), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and sesame (Sesamum indicum) grown in monoculture or intercropping systems. Materials and MethodsThe experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications and seven treatments including pure fennel (F), pure sesame (S), pure bean (B), row intercropping with 1:1 ratio of FB, SB and FS as well as 1:1:1 intercrop of FSB. All treatments were sown in recommended planting date and density. Total aboveground materials of each plot were sampled in 5 randomly selected plants in two-weekly intervals and repeated seven times during growth period. Green leaf area index (GAI) and total aboveground dry matter (DM) were measured for each species in sole and intercropped plots. Time course of LAI and DM was estimated by fitting logistic peak and sigmoid functions to the measured values for each species, respectively. Crop growth rate (CGR; g m-2 d-1) of each species was estimated as the first derivative of the sigmoid function. Economic yield of species was measured by harvesting the whole plots and used for calculation of land equivalent ratio (LER) for intercropping treatments. Results and DiscussionResults showed that for all studied species, the growth indices were lower in intercropping compared to monoculture. Maximum GAI (1.28), dry matter (184.6 g.m2) and crop growth rate (5.2 g.m-2.day-1) for fennel was observed in pure stand. For sesame, the highest GAI (4.2) was obtained in the sesame – fennel intercrop, however, maximum dry matter (1023 g.m-2) and crop growth rate (24.5 g.m-2.day-1) were achieved in the pure stand of sesame. Similarly in bean, maximum GAI (3.8), dry matter (546.39 g m-2) and crop growth rate were observed in pure stand. However, the lowest GAI (0.61), dry matter (54 g m-2) and crop growth rate (1.6 g m-2 day-1) of fennel was observed in fennel-sesame and fennel-sesame–bean intercrops, respectively. The minimum GAI (3.24), dry matter (286 g.m-2) and crop growth rate (6.6 g.m-2.day-1) of sesame was obtained in fennel- sesame- bean, fennel- sesame and fennel- sesame- bean, respectively. The minimum LAI (3.08), dry matter (110 g.m-2) and crop growth rate (3.26 g m-2day-1) of sesame was observed in fennel- sesame- bean treatment. Despite the lower growth indices, LER was grater that 1 in all intercrops with a highest value (1.09) in sesame – bean showing the better allocation of dry matter between component species of intercropping. ConclusionWhile the LAI, DM and CGR was lower when species were intercropped, the overall rate of dry matter production of intercropping systems was about 28%, on average, higher as compared with pure stands leading to almost 10% higher productivity. Addition of the third species into intercrops has no significant effect on productivity. However, it seems that using species with diverse functional traits to increase functional diversity could cause higher productivity of intercropping systems. }, keywords = {Crop Growth Rate,Fennel,LAI,Row intercropping,Land equivalent ratio}, title_fa = {بررسی آنالیزهای رشدی سه گونه رازیانه(Foeniculum vulgare) ، کنجد (Sesamum indicum) و لوبیا (Phaseolus vulgaris) در ترکیب‌های مختلف کشت مخلوط}, abstract_fa = {به­منظور بررسی شاخص‌های رشدی سه گیاه رازیانه (Foeniculum vulgare)، لوبیا (Phaseolus vulgaris) و کنجد (Sesamum indicum) در تیمارهای مختلف کشت مخلوط و خالص، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 90-1389 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه فردوسی صورت گرفت. آزمایش به‌صورت طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل کشت خالص رازیانه، کشت خالص کنجد، کشت خالص لوبیا، کشت مخلوط ردیفی رازیانه - لوبیا، کشت مخلوط ردیفی رازیانه - کنجد، کشت مخلوط ردیفی کنجد - لوبیا و کشت مخلوط ردیفی رازیانه - لوبیا - کنجد بودند. نتایج حاصل از این بررسی نشان داد که در رازیانه بیشترین میزان ماده خشک (6/184 گرم بر مترمربع) و شاخص سطح سبز (28/1) مربوط به تیمار کشت خالص بود. در مورد کنجد بالاترین عملکرد ماده خشک، (1023 گرم بر مترمربع) و شاخص سطح برگ (2/4) در تیمارهای کنجد خالص و کنجد - رازیانه به‌دست آمد. در گیاه لوبیا بیشترین عملکرد ماده خشک (39/546 گرم بر مترمربع) و شاخص سطح برگ (8/3)، در  تیمار کشت خالص لوبیا حاصل شد. کمترین میزان ماده خشک (54 گرم بر مترمربع) و سطح برگ (61/0) در رازیانه به‌ترتیب در تیمار کشت مخلوط رازیانه- کنجد-لوبیا و رازیانه- کنجد به‌دست آمد. در مورد کنجد کمترین میزان ماده خشک (286 گرم بر مترمربع) و سطح برگ (24/3) در تیمارهای کنجد – رازیانه و کنجد- رازیانه- لوبیا مشاهده شد. لوبیا در تیمار کنجد– رازیانه- لوبیا، کمترین میزان ماده خشک (110 گرم بر مترمربع) و همچنین کمترین سطح برگ (08/3) را نشان داد. حداکثر سرعت رشد محصول در رازیانه در تیمار کشت خالص (19/5گرم بر مترمربع در روز)، در کنجد در تیمار کنجد خالص (53/24 گرم بر مترمربع در روز) و در مورد لوبیا در تیمار لوبیا خالص مشاهده شد. کمترین سرعت رشد در مورد رازیانه در تیمار رازیانه- کنجد- لوبیا، در کنجد در تیمار کنجد- رازیانه و در مورد لوبیا در تیمار لوبیا– رازیانه و کنجد به‌ترتیب (62/1، 59/6 و 26/3گرم بر مترمربع در روز) به‌دست آمد.}, keywords_fa = {سرعت رشد گیاه,شاخص سطح برگ,کشت مخلوط ردیفی,نسبت برابری زمین}, url = {https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_37668.html}, eprint = {https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_37668_e10cc1cccc9b92eb6c0e647ff8bad78c.pdf} }