@article { author = {Dadmand, Mohammad and Koocheki, Alireza and Nassiri Mahallati, Mehdi and Ramezani Moghadam, Mohammad Reza}, title = {Evaluation of Yield, Yield Components and Growth Indices of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and Maize (Zea mays L.) Affected on Replacement Intercropping System under Gonabad Climate Conditions}, journal = {Journal Of Agroecology}, volume = {13}, number = {3}, pages = {363-378}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Ferdowsi University of Mashhad}, issn = {2008-7713}, eissn = {2423-4281}, doi = {10.22067/jag.v12i4.70183}, abstract = {IntroductionIntercropping is highly recommended to be used in many parts of the world for food or fibers productions, because of its overall high productivity. Intercropping consists of growing two or more crops together at once, even though the crops are not sown or harvested simultaneously. The success of intercropping is due to an enhanced temporal and spatial complementarity of resource capture. Many studies have reported that intercropping can increase crop yield due to efficient utilization of nutrients and light, and enhanced positive interactions between crops. Features of an intercropping system can differ with soil conditions, climate, economic situation, and preferences of the local community. In this study, we carried out a two-year field experiments to evaluate yield and yield components as well as growth indices in cotton and maize grown in an alternative intercropping systems.Materials and MethodsThe experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete block design at Gonabad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station. The cotton (Khordad cv.) and maize (D.C 370) plants were evaluated using an alternative intercropping system. The treatments consisted of one row of cotton along with one row of maize, two rows of cotton along with one row of maize, three rows of cotton along with one row of corn, and pure cotton and maize cropping. The seeds were sown 20 cm apart in the rows in May. Irrigation was performed every 10 days and monitored using a volumetric flow meter. Twenty days after emergence, sampling was carried out by harvesting three plants of each species to measure growth indices such as plant height, leaf rea index and dry weight. At the end of growing season the crops were harvested and yield and yield components were determined. The data were analyzed by using SAS 9.1 software.Results and DiscussionThe effect of intercropping was significant on maize seed and forage yield. Since plant density in intercropping treatments was less than pure culture, the maximum maize seed and forage yields were obtained from pure culture treatment. By contrast, the minimum seed and forage yields were related to one row maize along with two rows cotton treatment. Reduction in maize biological yield due to intercropping was reported by Khorami-Vafa (2006), Tuna and Orak (2007) and Patel et al., (1999). Three rows cotton along with one row maize treatment produced the maximum maize seed and forage yields. Yield increasing in this treatment may be due to more space between maize plants, providing more light and reducing intraspecific competition. No significant difference was found between intercropping treatments in terms of cotton yield. The maximum cotton yield was obtained from cotton pure cropping, whereas, the minimum yield was related to one row cotton along with one row maize treatment. Amongst intercropping treatments, the maximum cotton yield was obtained from two rows cotton along with one row maize treatment. The increase in maize and cotton biomass followed a similar trend in both years. The maximum reproductive and vegetative branches, dry matter and leaf area index were related to two rows cotton along with one row maize treatment. The maximum maize leaf area was related to three rows cotton along with one row maize treatment. In general, dry matter accumulation linearly increased 30 days after seed sowing in both maize and cotton plants and reached to its maximum 60 days after seed sowing and then started to decrease due to leaf senescence and abscission. Furthermore, in both species, leaf area index reached to its maximum 69 days after seed sowing and then started to decrease due to canopy closure, shading, leaf senescence and abscission. Mukhala et al, (1999) and Koocheki et al, (2010) have shown intercropping cause a significant increase in leaf area index.ConclusionGenerally it is concluded that maize and cotton yield in intercropping treatments were higher also traits such as leaf area index and dry matter accumulation in one row maize along with three row cotton was higher than other treatments.}, keywords = {Forage yield,Lint yield,Monopodial branch,Sympodial branch}, title_fa = {ارزیابی عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و شاخص‌های رشدی پنبه (Gossypium hirsutum L.) و ذرت (Zea mays L.) در سیستم کشت مخلوط جایگزینی در شرایط آب‌و‌هوایی گناباد}, abstract_fa = {به‌منظور ارزیابی اثر کشت مخلوط جایگزینی بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و شاخص­های رشدی دو گیاه پنبه (Gossypium hirsutum L.) و ذرت (Zea mays L.)، آزمایشی در مزرعه ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گناباد، در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در دو سال زراعی 94-1393 و 95-1394 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل سه الگوی مخلوط جایگزینی (یک ردیف ذرت و یک ردیف پنبه (1:1)، یک ردیف ذرت و دو ردیف پنبه (1:2)، یک ردیف ذرت و سه ردیف پنبه (1:3)) و کشت خالص دو گیاه بود. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل ارتفاع بوته، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد علوفه و نسبت برابری زمین برای ذرت و ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد شاخه زایشی و رویشی، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد وش و نسبت برابری زمین بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین تعداد شاخه زایا، تعداد شاخه رویا، عملکرد وش، تجمع ماده خشک و شاخص سطح برگ در واحد سطح پنبه برای تیمار دو ردیف پنبه + یک ردیف ذرت شد. بالاترین عملکرد وش برای کشت خالص پنبه در سال­های اول و دوم به‌ترتیب با 7/1878 و 1/1764 کیلوگرم در هکتار به‌دست آمد و کمترین میزان به تیمار یک ردیف پنبه+ یک ردیف ذرت اختصاص داشت که در مقایسه با کشت خالص به‌ترتیب 84 و 77 درصد در سال­های اول و دوم کاهش داشت. بیشترین شاخص سطح برگ پنبه در 60 روز پس از سبز شدن در کشت مخلوط دو ردیف پنبه و یک ردیف ذرت در سال­های اول و دوم به‌ترتیب با 96/1 و 63/1 مشاهده شد. در مورد ذرت نیز در سال­های اول و دوم بالاترین عملکرد علوفه خشک در کشت خالص به­ترتیب با 8/5489 و 5639 تن در هکتار و کمترین مقدار به­ترتیب در الگوهای یک ردیف ذرت + دو ردیف پنبه با 1/1894 و 9/2196 تن در هکتار مشاهده شد. بیشترین شاخص سطح برگ ذرت به­ترتیب با 73/2 و17/3 در سال­های اول و دو آزمایش مربوط به تیمار سه ردیف پنبه + یک ردیف ذرت بود. در بین تیمارهای کشت مخلوط در ذرت بالاترین نسبت برابری زمین به­ترتیب با 60/0 و 58/0 مربوط به الگوی 1 ردیف ذرت و 3 ردیف پنبه و برای پنبه نیز در همین الگوی کشت در سال­های اول و دوم آزمایش به­ترتیب با 59/0 و 58/0 مشاهده شد. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد که می­توان از کشت مخلوط ذرت و پنبه به‌عنوان یک راهکار مدیریتی پایدار برای بهبود عملکرد دو گیاه ذرت و پنبه استفاده نمود.}, keywords_fa = {شاخه رویا,شاخه زایا,عملکرد علوفه,عملکرد وش}, url = {https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_37614.html}, eprint = {https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_37614_0ca18f4fb294fc98dfb2dfc0a695efb4.pdf} }