Consequences of different management of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) residue on microbial biomass carbon, organic carbon and total nitrogen indices in soil
Maryam Alsadat
Hoseini
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
author
Gholamhossein
Haghnia
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
author
Amir
Lakzian
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
author
Hojat
Emami
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2010
per
.Soil microorganisms are important agents in nutrient cycling and energy flow. They are extremely sensitive to environmental changes. Soil microbial biomass has been proposed as an index of soil stress and disturbance. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) residue amounts, burning, nitrogen fertilizer levels and tillage management on organic carbon, total nitrogen and microbial biomass carbon, after 90 days. The experiment was carried out based on a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement with two replications. The treatments included two levels of barley residues (3 and 6 t.ha-1), burning (without and with stubble burning), urea fertilizer (0 and 125 Kg.ha-1) and tillage systems (no-till, conventional tillage). Results showed that 6 t.ha-1 barely residue treatment increased organic carbon, total nitrogen and microbial biomass carbon in comparison with 3 t.ha-1, while stubble burning significantly decreased all these parameters. Tillage treatment also significantly decreased organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon whereas had no effect on total nitrogen. The nitrogen fertilizer had no effect on microbial biomass carbon, whereas organic carbon and total nitrogen positively affected by urea application. The results of this experiment showed that no-tillage system along with crop residue retention of 6 t.ha-1 and without stubble burning systems would be the most effective management to protect and promote soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and microbial biomass carbon.
Journal Of Agroecology
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-7713
2
v.
3
no.
2010
372
382
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_27906_7c6841fc620fc6c6e439f48998ae1658.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/jag.v2i3.7651
Investigating of growth characteristics, yield, yield components and potential weed control in intercropping of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and vegetative sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
Yaser
Alizadeh
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
Alireza
Koocheki
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
Mehdi
Nassiri Mahallati
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2010
per
In order to study yield and yield components in intercropping bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and evaluating effect of intercropping on weed control, a field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during growing season of 2008. Treatments: included 1- sole crop of bean 2- sole crop of sweet basil 3- strip intercropping of bean and sweet basil (four rows of bean and two rows of sweet basil) 4- strip intercropping of bean and sweet basil (two rows of sweet basil and four rows of bean) 5- row intercropping of bean and sweet basil were with and without weed control. For this purpose a complete randomized block design with three replications was used. Results showed that dry weight of vegetative organs and stem percent of sweet basil, in sole crop with weed control treatment were significantly higher than in other treatments. And highest leaf percentage was in four rows bean and two rows sweet basil intercropping. There was no significant difference in plant height in the first harvest of sweet basil but in second harvest row intercropping had highest height. Maximum leaf area index (LAI) was absorbed in four rows of sweet basil two rows of bean. Effect of different treatments on essential oil percentage was not significant. Highest essential oil yield was in sole crop sweet basil and four rows of sweet basil two rows of bean intercropping. For bean economic and biological yield, number of pods, number of seeds per plant and height were affected by different treatments and but there was no significant difference in number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight and harvest index in bean. The highest leaf area index in bean was in row intercropping. Lowest dry mater of weed was in row intercropping and the highest in sole crop. The highest land equivalent ratio (LER) was obtained in row intercropping with weed control.
Journal Of Agroecology
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-7713
2
v.
3
no.
2010
383
397
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_27949_f8011eb6c715b392b9b0fcb045e78724.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/jag.v2i3.7652
Response of corn (Zea mays L.) growth characteristics to common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) competition
Vahid
Sarabi
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
Ahmad
Nezami
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
Mehdi
Nassiri Mahallati
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
Mohammad Hasan
Rashed Mohassel
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2010
per
In order to investigate the effects of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) competition on corn (Zea mays L.) morphological and physiological characteristics, an experiment was conducted in 2005-2006 at the Research Station of Agricultural Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. The experimental design was split plot based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The emergence time was considered in three levels: emergence of the weed 14 days earlier, 7 days earlier and concurrent with corn, respectively, as main plots and density of weed at six levels: 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 plants per m2, respectively, as subplots. Plant height, leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter (DM) of corn decreased with earlier emerging and increasing density of the common lambsquarters. In contrast, LAI and dry matter of common lambsquarters increased with earlier emerging especially at high densities. Though, the increase in density of the weed resulted in reducing measured characteristics, but there was no difference between the processes of reduction in high densities of weed. Totally, it can be stated that relative time of weed emergence compared to its density had maximum effect on corn plants and as the number of the earlier emergence days of common lambsquarters related to the corn increase, the competitive potential of corn reduces and an intense decrease is being observed in its growth and development.
Journal Of Agroecology
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-7713
2
v.
3
no.
2010
398
407
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_27975_b7634298adb49c761b80d5ec286ac7fe.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/jag.v2i3.7653
Biological control of dodder (Cuscuta campestris L.) by fungi pathogens
Farnoosh
Fallahpour
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
Alireza
Koocheki
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
Mehdi
Nassiri Mahallati
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
Mahrokh
Falahati Rastegar
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
Reza
Ghorbani
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2010
per
Parasite weeds are the most important yield reducing factors, and among them dodder (Cuscuta campestris L.) is an obligate parasite of many plant families. In order to find a suitable biocontrol agent for dodder a study was conducted based on a randomized complete design with four replications at research greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran during 2007-2009. Diseased dodders sampled from sugarbeet farms of Chenaran, Iran. After culturing and isolating exiting fungi from infected tissues of dodder, Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp. and Colletotrichum sp. were recognized. Inoculation of isolates was carried out with concenteration of 1×108 spores per ml sterile water at different growth stages of dodder in labratoary and greenhouse. Among different fungi, isolate of 323 of F. oxysporum showed an effective control on germination of dodder seeds and the highest level of plant pathogencity was before the contact of dodder with host and infection in older plants decreased. Infection of this isolate with crops such as sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.), alfalfa (Medigago sativa L.), basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) showed no symptoms.
Journal Of Agroecology
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-7713
2
v.
3
no.
2010
408
416
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_28014_d43ad38efa9084731c331f9ed0f8619e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/jag.v2i3.7655
The effects of intra and inter-row spaces and planting pattern on the yield components, seed and oil yield of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.)
Javad
Shabahang
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
Surur
Khorramdel
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
GhorbanAli
Asadi
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
Elaheh
Mirabi
Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
author
Hossein
Nemati
Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2010
per
In order to study the effects of intra and inter-row spaces and planting pattern on the yield components, seed and oil yield of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.), a field experiment was conducted as split-split plot based on randomized block design with three replications during 2009-2010 at the Agricultural Research Station of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. Two levels of inter-row space (1 and 2 m), two levels of intra-row space (20 and 40 cm) and two planting patterns (one and two ways) were allocated to main, sub and sub-sub plots, respectively. The results indicated that the effect of inter-row space on number of seeds per ha-1 was significant (p
Journal Of Agroecology
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-7713
2
v.
3
no.
2010
417
427
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_28049_58670f8db99c37e83f58527b73b5ec92.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/jag.v2i3.7656
Effect of primary tillage method and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) crop residual management on the soil and silage corn (Zea mays L.) characteristics
F.
Ghooshchi
author
A.
Jourabloo
author
M.
Silsepour
author
H.
Hadi
author
text
article
2010
per
The main object of this study was to evaluate the effect of tillage and crop residues management of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) on quantification and qualification yield of corn (Zea mays L.). Treatments were laid out in complete randomized block design with seven treatments and three replications and include (1) fire of straw and stubble, plow, disc and furrower (2) gathering and transfer of straw and stubble out of farm, plow, disc and furrower, (3) Plow, disc and furrower (4) Stalk shredder, plow, disc and furrower, (5) Stalk shredder, plow, disc, 50 kg.ha-1 urea and furrower (6) Stalk shredder, plow, disc, 100 kg.ha-1 urea and furrower, (7) Stalk shredder, plow, disc, 50 kg.ha-1 urea, 10 t.ha-1 animal manure and furrower. The results showed that treatments had significant effect on nitrogen, potassium, phosphorous and protein of leaf, diameter and height of stem, ear yield, stem yield, leaf yield, total yield of corn, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorous, bulk density and of soil, wilting point, field capacity, available water. Maximum amount of nitrogen (2.57%) and phosphorous (0.32%) of leaf obtained from treatment of seven (Stalk shredder, plow, disc, 50 kg.ha-1 urea, 10 t.ha-1 animal manure and furrower) and the highest amount of potassium of leaf equal 1.72% obtained from treatment of seven (Stalk shredder, plow, disc, 50 kg.ha-1 urea, 10 t.ha-1 animal manure and furrower) and treatment of six (Stalk shredder, plow, disc, 100 kg.ha-1 urea and furrower) with amount of equal 1.60%. Maximum total yield of corn equal 47.65 t.ha-1 obtained from treatment seven that laid at same group with treatment of six with yield of 46.16 t.ha-1 and had no significant difference together. Therefore, the best method of seed bed for obtained total yield of corn was using stalk shredder, plow, disc, 50 kg.ha-1 urea, 10 t.ha-1 animal manure and furrower.
Journal Of Agroecology
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-7713
2
v.
3
no.
2010
428
436
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_28088_9ecaa07effacdb0a6eb7c78a63de3f54.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/jag.v2i3.7657
Evaluation of light interception and canopy characteristics in mono-cropping and intercropping of maize (Zea mays L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.)
Esmaeil
Rezaee Chiane
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
author
Adel
Dabagh Mohammadi Nasab
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
author
Mohammad Reza
Shakiba
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
author
Kazem
Ghasemi Golazani
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
author
Saeed
Aharizade
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
author
text
article
2010
per
Intercropping is a correct method of management for crop production and leads to improvement of resource absorption and use by plants. In order to evaluate light interception and some characteristics of canopy in monocropping and intercropping of maize (Zea mays L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) under climatic conditions of Tabriz, a field experiment was conducted in 2006-2007 at the Research Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran. The experiment was laid out as randomized complete block design with fifteen treatments and three replications. Treatments were including mono-cropping of maize densities (6, 7 and 8 plants. m-2) and faba bean densities (30, 40 and 50 plants. m-2) and 9 treatments of intercropping included combination of densities. Two plant species intercropped on the basis of additive series design. The results showed that leaf area index, light interception and chlorophyll index in intercropping were 2.88, 37 and 11.94 % more than those in monocropping of maize and 2.63, 30 and 9.27 % more than those in pure stand of faba bean, respectively. Among intercrops, combination of 8 maize plants and faba bean plants. m-2 was best intercrop regard to light interception canopy leaf area index, chlorophyll index and canopy temperature. Maximum land equivalent ratio (1.97) was attained by 6 maize plants. m-2 with 40 and 50 plants/m2 of faba bean intercropping combinations. This means that grain yield per unit area in intercropping improved by 97%, compared with monocropping, intercropping had advantage over sole crop.
Journal Of Agroecology
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-7713
2
v.
3
no.
2010
437
447
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_28117_606b3e47ad76c7b9967d0d8df7721d02.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/jag.v2i3.7658
Response of growth characters and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to co-inoculation of farmyard manure, Trichoderma spp. and Psudomunas spp.
Ataollah
Shahsavari
author
Hemmatollah
Pirdashti
Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Iran
author
A.
Mottaghian
author
M.A.
Tajick Ghanbary
author
text
article
2010
per
In order to investigate the effects of cattle manure, benefit fungi of Trichoderma species and Psudomunas spp. bacteria on seedling emergence parameters, growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) a pot experiment was carried out in factorial (23) arrangement based on a randomized complete design with three replications. The treatments were three levels of cattle manure (10, 20 and 30 t.ha-1), three Trichoderma species (T. viridae, T. harzianum, T. hamatum) and either application or non- application of Psudomunas bacteria. Analysis of data showed that control plants and 10 t.ha-1 cattle manure treatments had significantly effect on emergence percentage and field emergence rate compared to 20 and 30 t.ha-1 cattle manure. In the current experiment, the maximum grain yield was observed in 20 t.ha-1 inoculated with both T. viridae and T. harzianum. Application of 10 and 20 t.ha-1cattle manure markedly increased harvest index and biomass by 39.72 and 19.47%, respectively compared to control treatment (no manure application). Also, T. viridae fugues improved plant biomass compared to T. harzianum. The fungus of T. harzianum enhanced harvest index rather than T. viridae and T. hamatum. Application of Psudomunas bacteria significantly increased plant biomass and harvest index compared to pots without bacteria application. Results showed that colony counts of three Trichoderma species in the soil rhizosphere enhanced when rates of cattle manure application increased. The most of soil microbial population was observed in 30 t.ha-1 level of cattle manure inoculated with T. harzianum (74.68 × 108cfu mg-1 dry soil).
Journal Of Agroecology
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-7713
2
v.
3
no.
2010
448
458
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_28188_2134ea6a0cfa2c81ae7899b1d58d2423.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/jag.v2i3.7659
Effect of macro nutrients (NPK) on growth characteristics of two commercial variety of corn (Zea maize L.) (KWS2360, Ressuda Pionee) in hydroponic environment
Morteza
Goldani
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
Seyede Mahdieh
Kharrazi
Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
author
Pepo
Peter
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Debrecen, Hungary
author
text
article
2010
per
In order to study the effect of macro nutrients on growth characteristics of two corn (Zea maize L.) varieties (KWS2360, Ressuda Pionee), an experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with three replications at growth room of crop physiology Department of Debrecen University. The treatments were nutrient solution free nitrogen (N), nutrient solution free phosphorus (P), nutrient solution free potassium (K), nutrient solution free PK, nutrient solution free PN, nutrient solution free NK, nutrient solution free NPK and nutrient solution with NPK. Root dry weight (RDW), Shoot dry weight (SDW), RDW/SDW, leaf number (LN), leaf area (LA) and chlorophyll content were determined. Results showed that the highest LA (561 cm2), SDW (22 g) were obtained in with NPK treatment and KWS2360 hybrid while Ressuda Pionee in NPK treatment had highest RDW (3.8 g) and LN (5.6). The highest R/S obtained in free NP treatment and KWS2360 hybrid (1.1). The lowest LA (45cm2) and LN (3.0) were obtained in free NK treatment. The lowest RDW (0.12 g) and SDW (0.31g) were obtained in free NPK treatment. The treatment of without NPK and KWS2360 showed the lowest R/S (0.16). Chlorophyll content of each leaf decreased in through time. Slope of curve was higher in without NPK, NK and NP treatment compare to with NPK treatment. Hybrids of corn in with NPK treatment had longer growth period compare to other treatments. KWS2360 hybrid showed better performance under nutrient stress. Overall, it can be said that the balance in the ratio of nutrients plays an important role in increasing the vegetative growth of plants including corn and deficiency of each macro nutrients can be a factor in reducing the growth of this plant.
Journal Of Agroecology
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-7713
2
v.
3
no.
2010
459
473
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_28230_f327b2fc030a7d90ae2aeb00e33da6eb.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/jag.v2i3.7660
The Effect of vermicompost on salt tolerance of bean seedlings (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Abdollah
Beyk Khurmizi
Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
author
P.
Abrishamchi
author
A.
Ganjeali
author
M.
Parsa
author
text
article
2010
per
In the recent years, increasing production of waste as a result of population growth, increased food consumption, industrial development and urbanization growth, is regarded as a serious challenge. Vermicompost, as an end product of urban waste recycling with proper physicochemical features, can play an effective role in plant growth and development and also in reducing harmful effects of various environmental stresses on plants. For this purpose, a study with the aim of investigating the effects of vermicompost and salinity interactions on morphological traits of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Light Red Kidney) seedlings was performed. The experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design, including five different volumetric ratios of vermicompost and sand (0:100; 10:90; 25:75; 50:50 and 75:25), and four levels of salinity (30, 60, 90 and 120 mmol l-1 NaCl), equal to 2.75, 5.50, 8.25 and 11 deciSiemens per meter (dS/m) respectively, along with control (0.00), in three replications. Seeds were cultured in plastic pots and sampling of seedlings was done after 28 days. The results showed that in an environment without stress, vermicompost had significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) on the stem length, internodes number, area and dry weight of leaves, diameter, dry weight and total roots length, while having no significant effect on stem dry weight. The interaction between salinity and vermicompost has significant effect on the stem length, internodes number, the area and dry weight of leaves and dry weight of roots but no significant effect was observed on the stem dry weight, diameter and total roots length. Thus, in the low levels of salinity, all ratios of vermicompost and in high levels of salinity, high ratios of vermicompost can limit the negative effects of salinity on bean seedlings.
Journal Of Agroecology
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-7713
2
v.
3
no.
2010
474
485
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_28276_38fa018932f4a0a1dddd676bb1ce502b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/jag.v2i3.7661
Effect of water deficit on water use efficiency of canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars in Mashhad condition
Seyed Hesam
Mousavi
Department of Agronomy, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
author
Javad
Vafabakhsh
Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training Center, Iran
author
Reza
Sadrabadi Haghighi
Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2010
per
Water deficit is a major factor influencing yield of canola (Brassica napus L.) seed yield and oil content. A field experiment was conducted during 2010 growing season in the Agriculture Research Station of Torogh, Mashhad, Iran to evaluate responses of canola cultivars to limited water. Experimental design was RCBD pattern with three replications. Treatments were two irrigation regimes (based on irrigation after 120 mm evaporation on class A pan for stress treatments and 80 mm evaporation for non stress treatments) and six rapeseed cultivars(hyola 401, Hyola 330, Parkland, Goldrush, BP18 and landrace). Results showed that water use efficiency was significantly affected by drought stress. Average of water use efficiency at all cultivars in stress treatments was 6.6 Kg per m3 water by 3412.3 m3 water used and 4.5 Kg per m3 water by 4612.3 m3 water used in non stress treatments. The highest and the lowest water use efficiency observed in Hyola 401 and Goldrush by 7.4 and 2.6 kilograms per m3 water in drought stress treatment, respectively. In addition to the ability of oil production by rapeseed cultivars under drought stress was affected and became less in drought stress. Hyola 401 had the highest oil content by 0.28 kg oil per m3 water in non stress and BP.18 had the lowest oil content 0.06 kg oil per m3 water in stress treatment. Results showed that water deficit can affect oil content significantly.
Journal Of Agroecology
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-7713
2
v.
3
no.
2010
486
491
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_28313_eef7cb9ed2e835c295265eb034419ab4.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/jag.v2i3.7662
Comparative effect of biofertilizers with chemical fertilizers on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) growth, yield and oil percentage in different drought stress levels
Hadi
Pirasteh Anosheh
Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture Shiraz university, Shiraz, Iran.
author
yahya
Emam
Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture Shiraz university, Shiraz, Iran.
author
Fateme
Jamali Ramin
Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture Shiraz university, Shiraz, Iran.
author
text
article
2010
per
Today, environment protection and safe crop production are very important. The management of soil elements by bio-fertilizers is considered as important point for sustainable agriculture. Mode of action of fertilizers is very different in drought stress conditions. To evaluate biological fertilizers (agrohumic, nitroxin, superabsorbent and vermicompost) and compare them with current chemical fertilizers (N, P and K) in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) at different drought stress levels (100% as control, 75%, 50% and 25% field capacity), a greenhouse experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with 20 treatments and 3 replications at College of Agriculture, Shiraz University in 2010. Results showed that drought stress effect was significant on plant height, head diameter, biological yield (BY), grain yield (GY), and harvest index (HI); however, it did not affect oil percentage. Highest HI was obtained at 50% F.C, Also the highest grain yield and plant height were observed in bio-fertilizers and chemical fertilizer, respectively. The most grain yield achieved under control and severe drought stress conditions were found in nitroxin and superabsorbent, respectively. Fertilizers had significant effect on plant height and grain yield. Generally, bio-fertilizers particularly superabsorbent and vermicompost had better responses to drought stress, compared to chemical fertilizers, which was due to higher ability of them in water maintenance. According to results of this investigation, bio-fertilizers seem to be useful under limited moisture conditions to alleviate water deficit effects.
Journal Of Agroecology
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-7713
2
v.
3
no.
2010
492
501
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_28352_76af984362679b8c8abb3d47aee95db3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/jag.v2i3.7663
Evaluation of nitrogen efficiency on grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) genotypes
M.
Jafariani
author
Alireza
Beheshti
Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center
author
G.
Taheri
author
text
article
2010
per
Yield increase of crop along with human health and environment persistence could obtain from correct use of nitrogen fertilizer. In this study the effect of different regime N application on N efficiency grain sorghum genotypes in 2009 growing season at the Khorasan Razavi Agriculture Natural Resources Research Center Mashhad was investigated. Split plots experiment in base of randomized complete block design was conducted with three replications. The main plots were allocated to three genotypes (Sepideh cultivar, M2 and M5 promising lines) and the subplots consisted of photosynthesis status (non disturbance and disturbance current with potassium iodide) in factorial combination with three N regimes (0, 100, 200 kg/ha from urea fertilizer). The results of variance analysis showed that the nitrogen had significant (P ≤0. 01) effect on nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) agronomic N use efficiency (ANUE), physiological N efficiency (PNE), grain yield and harvest index (HI). NRE percent in no N application and N application at 100 kg.ha-1 treatment were 82.34 and 68.31, respectively and increased 43.05 and 18.67 compared with 200 kg.ha-1.The highest agronomic N use efficiency and physiological efficiency obtained in no N application (36.23g grain per N g N applied and 43.45 g grain per g N absorbed respectively) and had107% and 43.02% increased compared to 200 kg.ha-1 treatment. In spite of increased in nitrogen efficiency (three traits) by decreased in N applied, the highest and significant yield obtained in N application at 100 kg.ha-1 (6.47 t.ha-1) compared to no N application(5.44 t.ha-1). Photosynthesis status had significant effect on ANE, RNE and PNE also. Non disturbance in current photosynthesis dramatically increased amount of these three N efficiency traits (29.26 g.g-1, 72.33% and 39.55 g.g-1) respectively.
Journal Of Agroecology
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-7713
2
v.
3
no.
2010
502
511
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_28387_e62dcd65f6151735c1c6531a531ad093.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/jag.v2i3.7664
Effect of different fertilizer and protection managements on seedbank properties in an organic system
R.
Sadrbadi Haghighi
author
N.
Critchley
author
J.
Cooper
author
C.
Leifert
author
M.
Eyre
author
text
article
2010
per
In order to evaluation the effect of different crop rotation, fertilizer and protection managements on weed seed bank properties an experiment was conducted in Close House experimental glass house on the soil of 5th year of organic rotation that is conducting in University of Newcastle’s Nafferton Experimental Farm. Rotation was started with grass/clover for first two years and continued with wheat for third year. In 4th year each plot divided in two potato and cabbage sub plots. Beans were grown in both of two sub plots at 5th year. In all years, rotation plots that considered as main plots were exposed on four combinations of two different organic and conventional fertility and crop health managements as a sub or sub –sub plots. Composite soil sample of considered plots put in glass house for three months and number and type of seedlings were assessed. At the end of course seedlings were classified and evaluated on the basis of type of species and functional properties. Results showed that short time rotation has not significant effect on seedbank properties and only change some seed properties ratio. Although weed seed number was more in organic crop protection management in compared with conventional ones but this was related to species that considered have important role in biodiversity production in agroecosystems. Seedbank response to different organic and conventional fertilizer managements was similar. Also seedbank functional properties were not affected with different crop fertilizer and protection managements.
Journal Of Agroecology
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2008-7713
2
v.
3
no.
2010
512
522
https://agry.um.ac.ir/article_28432_7c31934c8bc3aa0a6a924eeb46143ff7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22067/jag.v2i3.7666