اثر آبیاری محدود بر رشد و عملکرد ژنوتیپ های گلرنگ بهاره (Carthamus tinctorius L.) در شرایط بیرجند

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.

3 گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

کمبود دانه های روغنی و حجم بالای واردات روغن در ایران از یک سو و محدودیت منابع آبی در سر راه تولید بسیاری از دانه های روغنی از سوی دیگر، ضرورت شناسایی گونه ها و ارقام سازگار به این شرایط پر تنش و تعیین حساسترین مراحل رشدگیاه به تنش را آشکار می سازد. لذا به منظور بررسی واکنش ژنوتیپ های گلرنگ بهاره (Carthamus tinctorius L.) به قطع آبیاری در مراحل مختلف رشد زایشی و نیز تعیین حساسترین مرحله رشد این ژنوتیپ ها به محدودیت آبی، آزمایشی به صورت کرت های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی و در چهار تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند در سال 87 -1386 انجام شد. کرت های اصلی شامل چهار سطح قطع آبیاری (آبیاری کامل، آبیاری تا مرحله دانه بندی، آبیاری تا مرحله گلدهی و آبیاری تا مرحله تکمه دهی) و کرت های فرعی، سه رقم گلرنگ بهاره (محلی اصفهان، اصفهان 28 و IL111) بود. نتایج نشان داد، افزایش مدت زمان قطع آبیاری موجب زودرسی، کاهش طول دوره رشد، میزان تجمع ماده خشک، شاخص سطح برگ، سرعت رشد محصول و عملکرد دانه در هر سه ژنوتیپ شد و کاهش این پارامترها در رقم محلی اصفهان نسبت به دو رقم دیگر کمترین میزان بود. به طور کلی ژنوتیپ محلی اصفهان به دلیل بومی بودن، خوپذیری بیشتری به شرایط محدودیت آبی در خراسان جنوبی داشت و هر چه دیرتر در طی فصل رشد با تنش خشکی مواجه شود، عملکرد آن کمتر تحت تاثیر قرار می گیرد. در نهایت مشخص گردید که مرحله تکمه دهی در گلرنگ بسیار حساس به کمبود آب می باشد و وقوع تنش در این دوره منجر به کاهش شدید دوره رشد، شاخص های رشدی و عملکرد دانه می شود بنابراین تأمین آب در دوره تکمه دهی گلرنگ اهمیت ویژه ای در بهبود عملکرد آن دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of deficit irrigation on growth and yield of spring safflowers (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes in Birjand

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bibi Elaheh Moosavi Far 1
  • Mohammad Ali Behdani 2
  • Majid Jami Al-Ahmadi 1
  • Mohammad Saeed Hosaini Bojd 3
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran.
3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
چکیده [English]

Deficit of oil seeds and high volume of oil imports in Iran, and limitation of water sources against production of many oil seed crops, demonstrate the importance of detection tolerant species and cultivars for stressful conditions and their most sensitive growth stages to saline stress. In order to study response of spring safflowers (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes to disruption irrigation in different reproductive growth stages and also to determine their most sensitive growth stage to stress induced by deficit irrigation, an experiment was conducted in a spilt plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with four replications at Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Birjand, Iran during 2007-2008. Irrigation regimes (full irrigation (whole season irrigation), irrigation until grain filling stage, irrigation until flowering, and irrigation until heading-bud) stages; and three cultivars (Mahali Isfahan, Isfahan28 and IL111) were arranged in main plots and subplots, respectively. The results showed that increasing distance between irrigations caused early maturation, reduce of growth duration, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, crop growth rate and grain yield in all genotypes and detection in these parameters in Mahali Isfahan was the lost amount. Overall, it seems that local genotype (Mahali Isfahan) had higher adaptability to deficit water in southern Khorasan conditions due to its nativeness. Finally, it was determined that heading-bud stage of safflower was very sensitive to water deficit, and water limitation at this stage, could considerably decrease growth duration, growth indices and grain yield. Thus, watering at heading-bud stage is the most important parameter for improving safflower grain yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Growth indices
  • grain yield
  • Phonology stages
1- Abel, G.H. 1976. Effects of irrigation regimes, planting date, nitrogen levels, and spacing on safflower cultivar. Agronomy Journal 68: 448-451.
2- Arnon, I. 1972. Crop production in dry areas. Vol. II: Systematic treatment of the principal crops. Leonard Hill, London.
3- Bagheri, M. 1995. Effects of planting date on yield and components yield of safflower cultivar. MSc. Thesis. Fac. Agric. Azad Islamic University Unit of Khurasghan, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)
4- Banon, S., Fernandez, J.A., Franco, J.A., Torrecilas, A., Alarcon, J.J., and Sanchez- Blanco, M.J. 2004. Effects of water stress and night temperature preconditioning on water relation and anatomical change of Lotus creticus Plants. Science Horticulture 101: 333- 342.
5- Behdani, M.A., and Jami Al-Ahmadi, M. 2008. Evaluation of growth and yield safflower cultivars in different planting dates. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 6(2): 245-254. (In Persian with English Summary)
6- Dadashi, N., and Khajepure, M.R. 2004. Effects of planting date and genotype on components yield and safflower yield in Isfahan. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Source 8 (3):95-111. (In Persian with English Summary)
7- Emam, E., and Zavareh, M. 2005. Tolerate of drought in plants. Tehran University Publisher. 107-108.
8- Farid, N. and Ehsanzadeh, P. 2006. Yield and components yield of safflower genotypes and their response to shading treatment on heading and near leaves in spring planting condition in Isfahan. Agricultural Science and Natural Source 10: 189-198. (In Persian with English Summary)
9- Haedarizadeh, P., and Khajepure, M.R. 2007.Response of safflower genotypes to planting date. Journal of Sciences and Methods of Natural Resources 42: 69-80. (In Persian with English Summary)
10- Hang, A.N., and Evans, D.W. 1985. Deficit sprinkler irrigation of sunflower and safflower. Agronomy Journal 77: 588-592.
11- Hashemi Dezfouli, A. 1994. Growth and yield of safflower as affected by drought stress. Crop Research Hisar 7 (3): 313-319.
12- Hill, A.B., and Knowles, P.F. 1968. Fatty acid composition of the oil of development seed of different varieties of safflower. Crop Science 8: 273-277.
13- Iramki, S.D., Haman, D.Z., and Bastug, R. 2000. Determination of crop water stress index‌‌for irrigation timing and yield estimation of corn. Agronomy Journal 92: 1221-1234.
14- Karimi, M., and Azizi, M. 1994. Growth Analyzes of Crop Plants. Jahadeh Daneshgahi Publisher, Mashhad. (In Persian)
15- Koocheki, A.R., and Sarmadnia, G. 2000. Crop Plants Physiology. Jahadeh Daneshgahi Publisher, Mashhad. (In Persian)
16- Levitt, J. 1980. Response of plants to environmental stresses. Vol. 2. Water, Radiation, Salt and otherstresses. Academic Press. Pp. 697.
17- Mahmudieh, R., Ehsanzadeh, P., and Saeidi, G. 2006. Effect of genotype and shading of heading and near leaves on components yield and safflower yield in Isfahan. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1(37): 157-165. (In Persian with English Summary)
18- Mogensen, V.O., and Talukder, M.S.V. 1987. Grain yield of spring wheat in relation to water stress 2. Growth rate of grains during drought. Cereal Research Communications 15: 247-253.
19- Mundel, H.H., Morrison, R.J., Blackshaw, R.E., Entz, T., Roth, B.T., Gaudiel, R. and Kiehn, F. 1994. Seedling -date effects on yield, quality and maturity of safflower. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 74: 261-266.
20- Naderi, M.R., Nurmohammadi, G., Majidi, A., Darvish, F., and Shirani rad, A.H. 2004. Response of three summer safflower to different intensities drought stress. Journal of Agriculture Sciences 4: 3-14. (In Persian with English Summary)
21- Nielsen, D.C. 1996. Potential of canola as a dry land crop in north eastern Colorado. P. 281-287. In: Journal Janick progress in new crops. ASHS Press. Alexanderia, VA.
22- Ourcut, D., and Nilsen, E.T. 2000. Salinity and drought stress. In Physiology of Plants under Stress. KA/PP. pp: 177-235.
23- Pandya, N.K., Gupta, S.C., and Nagda, A.K. 1996. Path analysis of some yield contributing traits in safflower. Crop Research Hisar 11: 313-318.
24- Passioura, J.B. 1996. Drought and drought tolerance. Plant and growth regulation 20: 79-83.
25- Rawson, H.M., and Turner, N.C. 1982. Recovery from water stress in five sunflower cultivars. I. Effect of the timing of water application on leaf area and seed production. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 9: 437-443.
26- Taiz, L., and Ziger, E. 1991. Plant physiology. The Benjamin Cumming Publishing Company PP: 346- 356.
27- Tavakoli, A. 2002. Evaluation of the effect of irrigation disruption in different growth stages on yield and components yield safflower plant. MSc. Thesis. Fac. Agric. Tehran Univ., Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)
28- Tavusi, M. 2007. Evaluation of effects of intervals irrigation on yield and seed oil content of spring safflower cultivar in Isfahan region. MSc. Thesis. Azad Islamic University Unit of Khurasghan, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)
29- Terlestkaya, N. 2000. Water stress. American Society of Plant Biologist.
30- Turmer, N.C., and Sorbado, M.A. 1987. Photosyntesis dry matter accumulation and distribution in the wild sunflower as influenced by water deficits. Field Crops Research 44: 435-442.
31- Urie, A.L., Leinnger, L.N., and Zimmer, D.E. 1967. Development of safflower seed as influenced by wind rowing, varieties and season. Crop Science 7: 584-587.
32- Yasari, T., Shasavari, M.R., Barzegar, A.B., and Omidi, A.H. 2005.Study of growth stages and relation between it with seed yield in 10 genotypes of safflower. Journal of Pajouhesh & Sazandegi in Agriculture and Horticulture. 68: 75-83. (In Persian with English Summary)
33- Zand, A. 1995. Basic of morphological and physiological of different yield in safflower. MSc. Thesis. Ferdosi University, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)
34- Zheng, N., Futang, C., Xinchun, S., and Yanaci, W. 1993. Path analysis of correlated characters on flower yield of safflower. Third International Safflower Conf., Bijing, China. 582- 588 pp.
CAPTCHA Image