واکنش عملکرد و صفات فیزیولوژیک عدس (Lens culinaris L.) به کودهای شیمیایی فسفری و زیستی در شرایط متفاوت رطوبتی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• مراد محمدی ¹
• محمد رضا قانع ²
• ناصر مجنون حسینی ³
• حسین مقدم ³

¹ دانشگاه تبریز

² دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی ساری

³ دانشگاه تهران

10.22067/jag.v10i4.60879

چکیده

مطالعات مختلف در نواحی خشک و نیمه‌خشک نشان داده‌ که کاربرد کودهای فسفری تحت شرایط تنش آب تولید گیاهان زراعی را افزایش می‌دهد. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر تنش خشکی و اثر کودهای شیمیائی فسفری و زیستی بر عملکرد دانه و صفات فیزیولوژیک عدس (Lens culinaris L.) (رقم زیبا)، آزمایشی به صورت کرت خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 4 تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران (کرج) در سال زراعی 1394-1393 انجام شد. عامل اصلی شامل سه سطح آبیاری (آبیاری پس از 70 (آبیاری معمول)، 100 (تنش خفیف خشکی) و 130 (تنش شدید خشکی) میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A) و عامل فرعی شامل نوع کود {شاهد بدون کود؛ 100 درصد کود شیمیایی فسفری (از منبع سوپر فسفات تریپل به میزان 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار)؛ کود زیستی؛ و تلفیقی از 50 درصد کود شیمیایی فسفری (25 کیلوگرم در هکتار)+کود زیستی (حاوی دو سویه‌ 93 و 187 سودوموناس پوتیدا همراه با ازتوباکتر)}بود. کود زیستی مورد استفاده در تیمارهای مربوطه به صورت تلقیح پیش کاشت استفاده شد. در این بررسی صفات تعداد غلاف در بوته، عملکرد دانه، درصد پروتئین دانه، میزان پرولین، محتوی رطوبت نسبی برگ و کلروفیل کل مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که برهمکنش آبیاری در نوع کود روی عملکرد دانه معنی‌دار بود (5%p< ) و بیشترین میزان عملکرد دانه عدس (1404 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از تیمار برهمکنش آبیاری معمول و کود تلفیقی تولید شد. همچنین استفاده از کود تلفیقی (50 درصد کود شیمیایی فسفری+ کود زیستی) در تنش خشکی شدید عملکرد دانه بیشتری را نسبت به سایر تیمارهای کودی تولید نمود. اثر متقابل آبیاری در نوع کود روی صفات محتوای رطوبت نسبی، میزان کلروفیل کل و پرولین معنی‌دار بود (1%p<). از نظر صفت محتوی رطوبت نسبی برهمکنش آبیاری معمول و کود زیستی (63/85 درصد)، از نظر میزان کلروفیل کل برگ برهمکنش آبیاری معمول و 100 درصد کود شیمیایی فسفری (517/1 میلی‌گرم در گرم برگ تر برگ) و از نظر میزان پرولین برهمکنش تنش خشکی شدید و 100 درصد کود شیمیایی فسفری (372/3 میلی‌گرم در گرم برگ تر برگ) بیشترین مقدار را داشتند. نتایج ضرایب همبستگی مشخص نمود عملکرد محصول همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری با تعداد غلاف در بوته (825/0) و محتوای رطوبت نسبی (630/0) و همبستگی منفی و معنی‌داری با درصد پروتئین دانه (609/0 -) و میزان پرولین (638/0 -) داشت. در کل می‌توان از دیدگاه کاهش مصرف کود شیمیایی به منظور حفظ محیط زیست و پایین آوردن هزینه‌های اقتصادی، سطح 50 درصد کود شیمیایی فسفری به همراه کود زیستی برای گیاه عدس توصیه کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• تنش خشکی
• رطوبت نسبی برگ
• عملکرد دانه عدس
• کود زیستی
• کلروفیل و میزان پرولین

20.1001.1.20087713.1397.10.4.11.5

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عنوان مقاله [English]

Response of Lentil (Lens culinaris L.) Yield and Physiological Traits to Chemical and Bio-phosphorus Fertilizers under Different Irrigation Regimes

نویسندگان [English]

• morad mohammadi ¹
• mohammad reza ghane ²
• Naser Majnoun Hoseini ³
• hosein moghaddam ³

¹ tabriz university

² sari university

³ Tehran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Different studies in semi-arid regions showed that application of phosphorus fertilizers under drought stress conditions increased the crop yield. Most agricultural soils contain larger amount of fixed form of Phosphorus (P) than available P, a considerable part of which has accumulated as a consequence of regular applications of P fertilizers. Certain microorganisms such as phosphate solubilizing bacteria fungi, actinomycetes mostly those associated with the plant rhizosphere are known to convert insoluble inorganic phosphorus into soluble form that could be utilized by the plants. Among them, some phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are being used as phosphatic biofertilizers for crop production. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria can solubilize fixed form of P to available form by the secretion of various kinds of organic acids, phosphatase enzyme, growth hormones etc. and increase availability of P to the plants. In this point of view, phosphatic biofertilizer may be used as an alternate option of chemical P fertilizer for lentil cultivation. Therefore, the present study was under taken to evaluate the effects of biofertilizer, chemical phosphorus and integrated application of fertilizers on yield and physiologic characteristics of lentil under drought and normal condition in karaj climate.
 
Materials and Methods
To evaluate the effect of drought stress on seed yield and physiological traits of lentil cultivar (Ziba) with chemical and bio phosphorus fertilizer, an experiment was conducted in split plot based on randomized complete blocks design CRBD design with four replications in research farm of University of Tehran (Karaj-Iran) during 2014-15. The main factor included three irrigation levels (irrigation after 70, 90 and 130 mm evaporation from open pan class A) and sub treatment were the kind of phosphorus fertilizers (100% super phosphate triple (P); bio-fertilizer; 50% P + bio-fertilizer; no p fertilizer and bio-fertilizer as a check) The bio-fertilizer contained co-inoculation of phosphobacterin (pseudomonas strains 93 & 187) and azotobactor. The characteristics recorded were no. of pods per plant, seed yield, seed protein content (%), relative water content (RWC), proline content and total leaf chlorophyll.
For statistical analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) were performed using SAS ver. 9.2 software.
Results and Discussion
Interaction effect of irrigation and type of fertilizer had significant effect on pod number per plant, protein percentage, relative water content, free proline and chlorophyll content. The results indicated that normal irrigation (irrigation after 70 mm evaporation from open pan class A) × integrated phosphorus fertilizer (50% P + inoculation with bio-fertilizer) gave the highest seed yield. Similarly, P and bio-fertilizers application under severe drought stress condition produced higher seed yield compared to other treatments. This can be explained that PB inoculation enhanced the solubilization of phosphates in rhizosphere soil of lentil which stimulated the native Rhizobium and attributed to increase the nodule number and weight ultimately that showed positive effects on other growth and yield attributes of lentil.
However, for the RWC under normal irrigation × bio-fertilizer; for the total leaf chlorophyll under normal irrigation × 100% super phosphate triple; and for the proline content under severe drought stress × 100% super phosphate triple gave the highest values. With drought stress conditions, the leaf RWC and Proline contents reduced, which represented a relationship between these physiological traits and lentil seed yield.
Conclusion
In general, from the view of reducing chemical fertilizer uses to manner the environment-friendly and cost-saving cultivation, application of 50% P + seed inoculation with bio-fertilizer based on the result of this study is recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Drought stress
• relative water contents
• lentil seed yield
• Bio-fertilizer
• chlorophyll and proline

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